This document provides information on different types of fibres, including general fibres and high-performance fibres. It discusses the properties and uses of various high-performance fibres such as aramids, polybenzimidazole, polyphenylene sulfide, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyacrylonitrile and others. These fibres have high strength, temperature resistance and durability making them suitable for applications requiring high performance such as ballistics, aerospace engineering, protective clothing and automotive. The document also presents concepts for using high-performance fibres beyond bulletproof fabric in construction and transportation industries.

2. FIBRE CLASSIFICATION:

3.  DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GENERAL FIBRES AND HIGH
PERFORMANCE & TEMPERATURE RESISTANT FIBRES:
1. GENERAL FIBRES CAN BE USED FOR HUMAN WEARING CLOTHING
BACOUSE, IT GIVES COMFORT TO HUMAN BODY. H.P.T.R FIBRES
DOSEN’T GIVING COMFERT TO BODY BUT IT PROTECTS BODY
FROM ACCIDENT OF BULLET TYPE MATERIAL.
2. THE USE OF COTTON AND OTHER FIBRES DO NOT HAVE
CAPABILITY TO USED IN INDUSRIAL APPLICATIONS.
3. GENERAL FIBRES DO NOT HAVING ENOUGH TENSILE STRENGTH
TO HANDLE HIGH LOAD, THUS H.P.T.R FIBRES WHICH HAVE THIS
PROPERTY ARE USED
4. GENERAL FIBRES DOT HAVE HIGH ABBRASION RESISTANCE
POWER THAN HIGH PERFORMANCE FIBRES.

4. HIGH PERFORMANCE FIBRES:
HIGH PERFORMANCE FIBERS ARE THE FIBERS WHICH HAVE
HIGH STRENGTH, TEMPERATURE RESISTANCE, GOOD FLEXIBILITY,
LIGHT WEIGHT, FINE DIAMETER AND DURABILITY ETC. QUALITIES ARE
USED MAINLY FOR TECHNICAL TEXTILE PURPOSE.
QUALITIES TESTED TO QUALIFY FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE FIBRE:
 TENSILE STRENGTH,
 OPERATING TEMPERATURE,
 LIMITING OXYGEN INDEX AND
 CHEMICAL RESISTANCE.
FIBERS ARE AVAILABLE IN SEVERAL DIFFERENT FORMS. THE MOST
COMMON FORMS USED ARE:
 STAPLE FIBRE
 CHOPPED FIBRE
 MONOFILAMENT
 MULTIFILAMENT

5. HIGH PERFORMANCE AND
TEMPERATURE RESISTANT FIBRES
PARA-
ARAMIDE
PBO
META-
ARAMIDE
PBI
FLUOROCAR
BON FIBERS
POLYIMIDE
GLASS FIBER
PPS
HDPE
MELAMINE
CARBON
FIBER
 NOMEX®  TEIJINCONEX®  TEIJINCONEX HT®
 KEVLAR®  TWARON®
 PAN BASED ®
 GLASS ®
 PBI ®
 P-84®
 ZYLON®
 TECHNORA®
 BASOFIL®
 TEFLON®  TOYOFLON®
 RYTON®  PROCON®  TORAY PPS®
 PITCH BASED ®
 SPECTRA®  DYNEEMA®

6.  NOMEX
 TEIJINCONEX
 TEIJINCONEX HT
NOMEX :
DEVELOPED IN : 1960
DEVELOPED BY : DUPONT
MATERIAL USED TO PRODUCED : THE MONOMERS M-PHENYLENEDIAMINE
AND ISOPHTHALOYL CHLORIDE
APPLICATIONS : ELECTRICAL LAMINATES SUCH AS CIRCUIT
BOARDS,FIREPROOF/RESISTANCE FABRIC
PROPERTIES VALUE
TENACITY G/DE 3.8-7.2
ELONGATION (%) 25-40
LIMITING OXYGEN INDEX 30
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE MILD-GOOD
OPERATING TEMPERATURE 4000 F

7. TEIJINCONEX :
DEVELOPED IN : 1983
DEVELOPED BY : TEIJIN ARAMIDE PVT LTD.
APPLICATIONS : THERMAL BARRIERS, SPORTING
GOODS
TEIJINCONEX HT :
DEVELOPED IN : 2007
DEVELOPED BY : TEIJIN ARAMIDE PVT LTD.
APPLICATIONS : BALLISTIC APPLICATION,
FRICTION MATERIALS

8.  KEVLAR
 TWARON
 TECHNORA.
KEVLAR :
DEVELOPED IN : 1960
DEVELOPED BY : DUPONT
MATERIAL USED TO PRODUCED : POLY-PARA-PHENYLENE
TEREPH-THAL-AMIDE
APPLICATIONS : BALLISTIC APPLICATION, ROPES
AND CABLES
PROPERTIES VALUE
TENACITY G/DE 22-26
MODULUS G/DE 460-1100
ELONGATION (%) 2.4-4.4
OPERATING TEMPERATURE 3750F
LIMITING OXYGEN INDEX 25-28
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE MILD-GOOD

9. TWARON ® :
DEVELOPED IN : 2006
DEVELOPED BY : ACORDIS
APPLICATIONS : ROPES AND CABLES, SEWING
THREAD
TECHNORA® :
DEVELOPED IN : 1960
DEVELOPED BY : TEIJIN
APPLICATIONS :SPORTING GOODS, CUSHION
MATERIAL

10.  TEFLON
 TOYOFLON
TEFLON :
DEVELOPED IN : 1965
DEVELOPED BY : DUPONT
MATERIAL USED TO PRODUCED : POLY-TETRA-FLUORO-ETHYLENE
APPLICATIONS : BATTERY SEPARATORS,COATING
APPLICATIONS,
PROPERTIES VALUE
TENACITY G/DE 2
ELONGATION (%) 25
LIMITING OXYGEN INDEX 95
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE EXCELLENT
FRICTION COEFFICIENT 0.2
OPERATING TEMPERATURE 5000F

11. TOYOFLON :
DEVELOPED IN : 1973
DEVELOPED BY : TORAY
APPLICATIONS : VAPOR BARRIERS, BREATHABLE
MEMBRANES, CONVEYOR BELTS
ETC.

12.  RYTON®
 PROCON®
 TORAY PPS®
RYTON® :
DEVELOPED IN : 1981
DEVELOPED BY : AMOCO
MATERIAL USED TO PRODUCED : POLY-PHENYLENE SULFIDE
APPLICATIONS : HOT GAS FILTRATION
PROPERTIES VALUE
TENACITY G/DE 3.5-4.5
ELONGATION (%) 32-49
LIMITING OXYGEN INDEX 34
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE VERY GOOD
OPERATING TEMPERATURE 5000F

13. PROCON® :
DEVELOPED BY : TOYOBO
APPLICATIONS : LIQUID FILTRATION, LAUNDRY
MATERIALS
TORAY PPS® :
DEVELOPED BY : TORAY
APPLICATIONS : RUBBER INDUSTRIES

14.  BASOFIL®
BASOFIL® :
DEVELOPED BY : BASF
APPLICATIONS : HOT GAS FILTRATION, SAFETY
AND PROTECTIVE APPLICATIONS,
THERMAL INSULATION
PROPERTIES VALUE
TENACITY G/DE 2.0
ELONGATION (%) 18
LIMITING OXYGEN INDEX 32
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE MILD GOOD
OPERATING TEMPERATURE 4000F

15.  ZYLON®
ZYLON® :
DEVELOPED BY : TOYOBO
MATERIAL USED TO PRODUCED : POLY-PHENYLENE
BENZO-BISOXAZOLE
APPLICATIONS : SEWING THREAD, ROPES AND
CABLES, SPORTING GOODS,
THERMAL SHIELDS.
PROPERTIES VALUE
TENACITY G/DE 42
ELONGATION (%) 3.5
LIMITING OXYGEN INDEX 68
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE MILD GOOD
MODULUS G/DE 1300
OPERATING TEMPERATURE 550-6000 F

16.  PBI®
PBI® :
DEVELOPED BY : CELANESE
MATERIAL USED TO PRODUCED : POLY-BENZIMIDAZOLE
APPLICATIONS : FIRE BLOCKING,THERMAL
INSULATION
PROPERTIES VALUE
TENACITY G/DE 2.7
ELONGATION (%) 29
LIMITING OXYGEN INDEX 41
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE GOOD-EXCELLENT
MODULUS G/DE 32
OPERATING TEMPERATURE 4820F

17.  P-84®
P-84® :
DEVELOPED BY : INSPEC
MATERIAL USED TO PRODUCED : POLYIMIDE
APPLICATIONS : THERMAL INSULATION,
SAFETY AND PROTECTIVE
CLOTHING
PROPERTIES VALUE
TENACITY G/DE 4.2
ELONGATION (%) 30
OPERATION TEMPERATURE 5000F
LIMITING OXYGEN INDEX 38
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE GOOD

18.  LASTAN®
LASTAN® :
DEVELOPED BY : ASAHI
MATERIAL USED TO PRODUCED : CARBON OR GRAPHITE POWDER
APPLICATIONS : THERMAL BARRIERS,
WELDING BLANKETS, ALUMINIZED
FABRICS
PROPERTIES VALUE
TENACITY G/DE 2
ELONGATION (%) 15
OPERATION TEMPERATURE 392
LIMITING OXYGEN INDEX 60
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE MILD
ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE 10^8 – 10^10 Ω cm

19.  PAN(POLYACRYLONITRILE)
 PITCH BASE
PAN BASE :
DEVELOPED IN : 1969
DEVELOPED BY : W. JOHNSON
MATERIAL USED TO PRODUCED : POLYACRYLONITRILE
APPLICATIONS : AIRCRAFT AND AEROSPACE,
PROPERTIES VALUE
TENACITY G/DE 18-70
MODULUS G/DE 1640-3850
ELONGATION (%) 0.4-2.4
OPERATION TEMPERATURE 570-1000

20. PITCH BASE :
DEVELOPED IN : 1971
DEVELOPED BY : W. WATT AND L. N. PHILLIPS
MATERIAL USED TO PRODUCED : GRAPHIT POWDER
APPLICATIONS : REINFORCEMENT COMPOSITES
AND RUBBER, FILTRATION
PROPERTIES VALUE
TENACITY G/DE 14-30
MODULUS G/DE 1000-5850
ELONGATION (%) 0.2-1.3
OPERATION TEMPERATURE 570-1000

21. E-GLASS :
MATERIAL USED TO PRODUCED : ALUMINUM OXIDE
APPLICATIONS : AIRCRAFT AND AEROSPACE,
CUSHION MATERIAL, FILTRATION,
THERMAL INSULATION AND SPACERS.
PROPERTIES VALUE
TENSILE STRENGTH G/DE 35
MODULUS G/DE 524
ELONGATION (%) 4.8
REFRACTIVE INDEX 1.547
DENSITY G/CM3 2.57
COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL
EXPANSION (107 0C)
50.52
DIELECTRIC(1010HZ)
CONSTANT
6.1-6.3

22. AR-GLASS :
MATERIAL USED TO PRODUCED : SILICON DIOXIDE, CALCIUM OXIDE
APPLICATIONS : ALKALI-RESISTANT FOR
REINFORCING CEMENT,
AUTOMOTIVE PARTS ETC.
PROPERTIES VALUE
TENSILE STRENGTH G/DE 46
MODULUS G/DE 1250
ELONGATION (%) 2
REFRACTIVE INDEX 1.561
DENSITY G/CM3 2.68
COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL
EXPANSION (107 0C)
75
Dielectric(1010Hz)
Constant
--

23. S-GLASS :
MATERIAL USED TO PRODUCED : BARON OXIDE, PLUS A FEW OTHER
METAL OXIDES.
APPLICATIONS : COMPOSITION SIMILAR TO HS
GLASS,
PROPERTIES VALUE
TENSILE STRENGTH G/DE 35
MODULUS G/DE 620
ELONGATION (%) 5.4
REFRACTIVE INDEX --
DENSITY G/CM3 2.46
COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL
EXPANSION (107 0C)
23-27
Dielectric(1010Hz)
Constant
--

24.  SPECTRA®
 DYNEEMA®
SPECTRA® :
DEVELOPED BY : HONEYWELL
APPLICATIONS : MARINE ROPES AND CORDAGE,
SAFETY AND PROTECTIVE
PRODUCTS & APPLICATIONS ETC.
PROPERTIES VALUE
TENACITY G/DE 30
ELONGATION (%) 3.0
LIMITING OXYGEN INDEX 250
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE 1400
OPERATING TEMPERATURE EXCELLENT

25. DYNEEMA® :
DEVELOPED IN : JAPAN
DEVELOPED BY : DYNEEMA
APPLICATIONS : SOFT AND SEMI-RIGID BODY
ARMOR, REINFORCEMENT OF
COMPOSITES,PERFORMANCE
SPORTS APPLICATIONS ETC.

26. CONCEPT BEYOND BULLET PROOF FABRIC:

27.  CONCEPT BEYOND HIGH
PERFORMANCE FIBRE CORD/ROPES USED IN CONSTRUCTION

28. CONCEPT BEYOND HIGHPERFORMANCE FIBRES IN AUTOMOBILE:
 SOLUTIONS ARE BASED ON OUR HIGH-PERFORMANCE PARA-ARAMID
TWARON, WHICH COMBINES SUPERIOR PERFORMANCE WITH LOW
WEIGHT, AND SULFRON, WHICH REDUCES ROLLING RESISTANCE AND,
IN TURN, FUEL CONSUMPTION

29. CONCEPT BEYOND CARBON FIBRES USED
IN AEROSPACE ENGNEERING:

30. THANK YOU