SPICE MODEL of 2SA1202(Y) in SPICE PARK. English Version is http://www.spicepark.net. Japanese Version is http://www.spicepark.com by Bee Technologies.
This document summarizes the modeling and characterization of the NEC 2SC3632 transistor. It includes PSpice model parameters, measurements and simulations of key transistor characteristics like gain, saturation voltage, switching times and output characteristics. Graphs compare measurement data to simulation results with good agreement. The report establishes an accurate model for representing this transistor in circuit simulations.
This document summarizes the modeling of the 2SA1680 transistor from Toshiba. It includes the PSpice model parameters and their descriptions. Graphs show simulations of characteristics like reverse/forward early voltage, DC beta, capacitance, hFE vs IC, VCE saturation, VBE saturation, and switching/output characteristics. The simulations closely match experimental measurements, validating the accuracy of the transistor model.
This document summarizes the modeling and characterization of the 2SA1837 transistor from Toshiba. It includes:
- A list of the PSpice model parameters for the transistor.
- Graphs of measurements and simulations showing the transistor's reverse and forward early voltage characteristics, DC beta, capacitances, gain vs. collector current, saturation voltages and switching times.
- A circuit diagram used to simulate the output characteristics with varying base currents.
SPICE MODEL of 2SA1577T106Q in SPICE PARK. English Version is http://www.spicepark.net. Japanese Version is http://www.spicepark.com by Bee Technologies.
This document contains a transistor modeling report for a NEC 2SC4331-AZ(K) transistor. It includes:
1) A description of the PSpice model parameters for the transistor.
2) Graphs of various transistor characteristics like the reverse/forward early voltage, DC beta, capacitance, and more.
3) Circuit simulations and comparisons with measurement data for characteristics like hFE-IC, VCE(sat)-IC, switching times, and the output characteristic.
The report provides a detailed characterization of the electrical behavior and performance of the transistor through measurements and PSpice simulations.
SPICE MODEL of 2SC3328(Y) in SPICE PARK. English Version is http://www.spicepark.net. Japanese Version is http://www.spicepark.com by Bee Technologies.
This document summarizes the modeling and characterization of the 2SC4793 transistor manufactured by Toshiba. It includes:
- A list of PSpice model parameters for the transistor.
- Graphs of measurements and simulations showing the transistor's gain, capacitance, saturation voltage, switching time and other characteristics.
- Tables comparing measurement and simulation results to validate the accuracy of the PSpice model.
SPICE MODEL of 2SC3632-AZ in SPICE PARK. English Version is http://www.spicepark.net. Japanese Version is http://www.spicepark.com by Bee Technologies.
SPICE MODEL of 2SA1298(Y) in SPICE PARK. English Version is http://www.spicepark.net. Japanese Version is http://www.spicepark.com by Bee Technologies.
SPICE MODEL of 2SA1202(Y) in SPICE PARK. English Version is http://www.spicepark.net. Japanese Version is http://www.spicepark.com by Bee Technologies.
This document summarizes the modeling and characterization of the NEC 2SC3632 transistor. It includes PSpice model parameters, measurements and simulations of key transistor characteristics like gain, saturation voltage, switching times and output characteristics. Graphs compare measurement data to simulation results with good agreement. The report establishes an accurate model for representing this transistor in circuit simulations.
This document summarizes the modeling of the 2SA1680 transistor from Toshiba. It includes the PSpice model parameters and their descriptions. Graphs show simulations of characteristics like reverse/forward early voltage, DC beta, capacitance, hFE vs IC, VCE saturation, VBE saturation, and switching/output characteristics. The simulations closely match experimental measurements, validating the accuracy of the transistor model.
This document summarizes the modeling and characterization of the 2SA1837 transistor from Toshiba. It includes:
- A list of the PSpice model parameters for the transistor.
- Graphs of measurements and simulations showing the transistor's reverse and forward early voltage characteristics, DC beta, capacitances, gain vs. collector current, saturation voltages and switching times.
- A circuit diagram used to simulate the output characteristics with varying base currents.
SPICE MODEL of 2SA1577T106Q in SPICE PARK. English Version is http://www.spicepark.net. Japanese Version is http://www.spicepark.com by Bee Technologies.
This document contains a transistor modeling report for a NEC 2SC4331-AZ(K) transistor. It includes:
1) A description of the PSpice model parameters for the transistor.
2) Graphs of various transistor characteristics like the reverse/forward early voltage, DC beta, capacitance, and more.
3) Circuit simulations and comparisons with measurement data for characteristics like hFE-IC, VCE(sat)-IC, switching times, and the output characteristic.
The report provides a detailed characterization of the electrical behavior and performance of the transistor through measurements and PSpice simulations.
SPICE MODEL of 2SC3328(Y) in SPICE PARK. English Version is http://www.spicepark.net. Japanese Version is http://www.spicepark.com by Bee Technologies.
This document summarizes the modeling and characterization of the 2SC4793 transistor manufactured by Toshiba. It includes:
- A list of PSpice model parameters for the transistor.
- Graphs of measurements and simulations showing the transistor's gain, capacitance, saturation voltage, switching time and other characteristics.
- Tables comparing measurement and simulation results to validate the accuracy of the PSpice model.
SPICE MODEL of 2SC3632-AZ in SPICE PARK. English Version is http://www.spicepark.net. Japanese Version is http://www.spicepark.com by Bee Technologies.
SPICE MODEL of 2SA1298(Y) in SPICE PARK. English Version is http://www.spicepark.net. Japanese Version is http://www.spicepark.com by Bee Technologies.
SPICE MODEL of 2SA1576AT106R in SPICE PARK. English Version is http://www.spicepark.net. Japanese Version is http://www.spicepark.com by Bee Technologies.
SPICE MODEL of 2SC5980-TL-E in SPICE PARK. English Version is http://www.spicepark.net. Japanese Version is http://www.spicepark.com by Bee Technologies.
This document summarizes the modeling of the 2SC5808-TL-E transistor. It includes:
1) A list of the transistor model parameters and their descriptions.
2) Graphs of various transistor characteristics like the reverse/forward early voltage, DC beta, capacitance, and more from both measurement and simulation results.
3) Tables comparing measurement and simulation results for characteristics like hFE-IC, VCE(sat)-IC, and switching times.
4) Circuit diagrams used to simulate the transistor characteristics.
Update 22 models(Schottky Rectifier ) in SPICE PARK(APR2024)Tsuyoshi Horigome
This document provides an inventory update of 6,747 parts at Spice Park as of April 2024. It lists the part numbers, manufacturers, and quantities of various semiconductor components, including 1,697 Schottky rectifier diodes from 29 different manufacturers. It also includes details on passive components, batteries, mechanical parts, motors, and lamps in the inventory.
The document provides an inventory update from April 2024 of the Spice Park collection which contains 6,747 electronic components. It includes tables listing the types of semiconductor components, passive parts, batteries, mechanical parts, motors, and lamps in the collection along with their manufacturer and quantities. One of the semiconductor components, the general purpose rectifier diode, is broken down into a more detailed table with 116 entries providing part numbers, manufacturers, thermal ratings, and remarks.
Update 31 models(Diode/General ) in SPICE PARK(MAR2024)Tsuyoshi Horigome
The document provides an inventory update from March 2024 of parts in the Spice Park warehouse. It lists 6,725 total parts across various categories including semiconductors, passive parts, batteries, mechanical parts, motors, and lamps. The semiconductor section lists 652 general purpose rectifier diodes from 18 different manufacturers with quantities ranging from 2 to 145 pieces.
This document provides an inventory list of parts at Spice Park as of March 2024. It contains 3 sections - Semiconductor parts (diodes, transistors, ICs etc.), Passive parts (capacitors, resistors etc.), and Battery parts. For Semiconductor parts, it lists 36 different part types and provides the quantity of each part. It then provides further details of Diode/General Purpose Rectifiers, listing the manufacturer and quantity of 652 individual part numbers.
Update 29 models(Solar cell) in SPICE PARK(FEB2024)Tsuyoshi Horigome
The document provides an inventory update from February 2024 of Spice Park, which contains 6,694 total pieces of electronic components and parts. It lists 36 categories of semiconductor devices, 11 categories of passive parts, 10 types of batteries, 5 mechanical parts, DC motors, lamps, and power supplies. It provides the most detailed listing for solar cells, with 1,003 total pieces from 51 manufacturers listed with part numbers.
The document provides an inventory update from February 2024 of Spice Park, which contains 6,694 electronic components. It lists the components by type (e.g. semiconductor), part number, manufacturer, thermal rating, and quantity on hand. For example, it shows that there are 621 general purpose rectifier diodes from manufacturers such as Fairchild, Fuji, Intersil, Rohm, Shindengen, and Toshiba. The detailed four-page section provides further information on the first item, general purpose rectifier diodes, including 152 individual part numbers and specifications.
This document discusses circuit simulations using LTspice. It describes driving a circuit simulation by inserting a 250 ohm resistor between the output terminals. It also describes simulating a 1 channel bridge circuit where the DUT1 and DUT2 resistors are both set to 100 ohms and the input voltage is set to either 1V or 5V.
This document discusses parametric sweeps of external and internal resistance values Rg for circuit simulation in LTspice. It also references outputting a waveform similar to a report on fall time characteristics for a device modeling report with customer Samsung.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying AheadWask
https://www.wask.co/ebooks/digital-marketing-trends-in-2024
Feeling lost in the digital marketing whirlwind of 2024? Technology is changing, consumer habits are evolving, and staying ahead of the curve feels like a never-ending pursuit. This e-book is your compass. Dive into actionable insights to handle the complexities of modern marketing. From hyper-personalization to the power of user-generated content, learn how to build long-term relationships with your audience and unlock the secrets to success in the ever-shifting digital landscape.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Webinar: Designing a schema for a Data WarehouseFederico Razzoli
Are you new to data warehouses (DWH)? Do you need to check whether your data warehouse follows the best practices for a good design? In both cases, this webinar is for you.
A data warehouse is a central relational database that contains all measurements about a business or an organisation. This data comes from a variety of heterogeneous data sources, which includes databases of any type that back the applications used by the company, data files exported by some applications, or APIs provided by internal or external services.
But designing a data warehouse correctly is a hard task, which requires gathering information about the business processes that need to be analysed in the first place. These processes must be translated into so-called star schemas, which means, denormalised databases where each table represents a dimension or facts.
We will discuss these topics:
- How to gather information about a business;
- Understanding dictionaries and how to identify business entities;
- Dimensions and facts;
- Setting a table granularity;
- Types of facts;
- Types of dimensions;
- Snowflakes and how to avoid them;
- Expanding existing dimensions and facts.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptxSitimaJohn
Ocean Lotus cyber threat actors represent a sophisticated, persistent, and politically motivated group that poses a significant risk to organizations and individuals in the Southeast Asian region. Their continuous evolution and adaptability underscore the need for robust cybersecurity measures and international cooperation to identify and mitigate the threats posed by such advanced persistent threat groups.
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
1. Device Modeling Report
COMPONENTS: TRANSISTOR
PART NUMBER: 2SA1890
MANUFACTURER: PANASONIC
Bee Technologies Inc.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (c) Bee Technologies Inc. 2007
2. TRANSISTOR MODEL
PSpice
model Model description
parameter
IS Saturation Current
BF Ideal Maximum Forward Beta
NF Forward Current Emission Coefficient
VAF Forward Early Voltage
IKF Forward Beta Roll-off Knee Current
ISE Non-ideal Base-Emitter Diode Saturation Current
NE Non-ideal Base-Emitter Diode Emission Coefficient
BR Ideal Maximum Reverse Beta
NR Reverse Emission Coefficient
VAR Reverse Early Voltage
IKR Reverse Beta Roll-off Knee Current
ISC Non-ideal Base-Collector Diode Saturation Current
NC Non-ideal Base-Collector Diode Emission Coefficient
NK Forward Beta Roll-off Slope Exponent
RE Emitter Resistance
RB Base Resistance
RC Series Collector Resistance
CJE Zero-bias Emitter-Base Junction Capacitance
VJE Emitter-Base Junction Potential
MJE Emitter-Base Junction Grading Coefficient
CJC Zero-bias Collector-Base Junction Capacitance
VJC Collector-base Junction Potential
MJC Collector-base Junction Grading Coefficient
Coefficient for Onset of Forward-bias Depletion
FC
Capacitance
TF Forward Transit Time
XTF Coefficient for TF Dependency on Vce
VTF Voltage for TF Dependency on Vce
ITF Current for TF Dependency on Ic
PTF Excess Phase at f=1/2pi*TF
TR Reverse Transit Time
EG Activation Energy
XTB Forward Beta Temperature Coefficient
XTI Temperature Coefficient for IS
All Rights Reserved Copyright (c) Bee Technologies Inc. 2007
3. Reverse
Reverse Early Voltage Characteristic
Ic
VAR
Vce
Y=aX+b
(X1,Y1)
(X2,Y2)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (c) Bee Technologies Inc. 2007
4. Reverse DC Beta Characteristic (Ie vs. hFE)
Measurement
Simulation
Emitter Current
All Rights Reserved Copyright (c) Bee Technologies Inc. 2007
5. Forward
Forward Early Voltage Characteristic
Ic (X2,Y2)
Y=aX+b (X1,Y1)
Vce
VAF
All Rights Reserved Copyright (c) Bee Technologies Inc. 2007
6. C-B Capacitance Characteristics
Measurement
Simulation
E-B Capacitance Characteristics
Measurement
Simulation
All Rights Reserved Copyright (c) Bee Technologies Inc. 2007
7. Transistor hFE-IC Characteristics
Circuit Simulation Result
-100V
-1.0mV
-10mA -200mA
V(Q1:c)
IC(Q1)
Evaluation Circuit
Q1
Q2SA1890
-2Vdc
I1 V1
0Adc
0
All Rights Reserved Copyright (c) Bee Technologies Inc. 2007