The document discusses the absorption process in the small intestine, noting that the small intestine has a large surface area due to villi and blood capillaries that allow for rapid absorption of digested nutrients like glucose, amino acids, and vitamins into the bloodstream, while fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed into lacteals. An experiment using a Visking tube to model the small intestine showed that starch particles were too large to pass through but glucose could, demonstrating how carbohydrates must first be broken down by enzymes into absorbable monosaccharides like glucose before absorption.