Science KSSM form 2 Chapter 4 : Human Health

1. SCIENCE Form 2 KSSM
Chapter 4: Human Health

2. 4.1 Infectious and Non-infectious Diseases
Diseases
Infectious diseases Non-infectious
diseases
• Diseases that can spread from
one person to another
Diseases that cannot spread
from one to another
• Caused by infection of
pathogens directly through
mediums and vectors.

3. Diseases
Diseases
Infectious diseases Non-infectious diseases
- Influenza
- Ringworm
- Cholera
- Dengue
- Cancer
- Hypertension
- Diabetes
- Cardiovascular
disease
ringworm
cancer

4. How are infectious diseases transmitted?
Methods of
spreading
infectious
diseases
Vector
WaterAir
Touch

5. The cause and transmission of infectious disease
Transmission of diseases through water
Cholera spread through water
Disease-causing
bacteria(pathogens)
in patient’s faeces
Unwashed hands
Contaminated
food and drinks
Water contaminated
by bacteria

6. Transmission of diseases through air
Tuberculosis (TB), H1N1, severe acute
respiratory syndrome (SARS) and influenza
are transmitted through air.
TB is caused by bacteria, whereas H1N1 and
SARS are caused by virus.
Influenza may be caused by virus or bacteria.

7. Transmission of diseases through touch
Tinea versicolor is caused by a type of fungus.
This disease is infectious. We must take care of our
personal hygiene and not share our personal
belongings with an infected person.
Ringworm (Tinea corporis) is caused by a type of
fungus and spreads through direct contact
skin of an infected person.

8. Transmission of diseases through vector
Vectors are agents that carry the diseasing-
causing organisms.
Dengue, malaria and Zika are transmitted by
mosquitoes.
Lepstopirosis is transmitted by rats.

9. How Aedes mosquitoes spread dengue disease

10. The transmission of Zika disease

11. The spread of rat urine disease

12. Types of disease, symptoms, pathogens, vectors and ways of
infection.
Disease symptoms pathogen vectors Ways of
infection
Malaria Shivering, fever
and sweating
Plasmodium
malarie
Female
Anopheles
mosquito
Mosquito bite
Cholera Diarrhea and
vomiting
Vibrio cholerae
bacteria
fly Contaminated
food and water
Dengue Joint pain, fever.
Headache and
watery eyes
virus Aedes
Mosquito
Mosquito bite
Zika Fever, rashes,
join pain and
conjunctivitis
virus Aedes
Mosquito
Mosquito bite
Typhoid Fever, intestinal
bleeding and red
rashes
Salmonella typhi
bacteria
cockroach, fly Contaminated
food and water
Leptospirosis Fever, headache,
muscle pain
Leptospira sp.
bacteria
rat Contaminated
soil, food and
water

13. 4.2 Body Defence
Saliva, tears and Mucus
breakdown most of
bacteria’s cell wall.
First line of defence
Skin
•The human skin is made of a tough layer
and it is difficult to be penetrated by
microorganisms.
•Microorganism can only get into body if
there is a wound or if the skin is injured.
•Sweat and sebum secreted by the skin
contained chemicals that can kill
organisms.
Mucous Membrane
•Mucous membrane is a membrane that lines the
digestive tract and respiratory tract.
•Microorganism that enter the respiratory tract are
filtered by nasal hairs and trapped by mucous lining the
nasal cavity.
•Earwax, tears and vaginal secretions also function as an
antiseptic that kills microorganisms.