The document discusses MAN B&W Diesel's testing and use of liquid biofuels such as vegetable oils, waste oils, and recycled fat in medium-speed diesel engines for power generation. Workshop tests showed biofuels can be used with no major impacts to engine performance or emissions. Commercial operations have logged over 15,000 hours burning various biofuels with good reliability. The possibility of combining cost-effective and environmentally friendly power generation makes optimizing biofuel combustion in diesel engines important for renewable energy.
Compression Ignition Engine Modifications for Straight Vegetable Oil Fuel XZ3
This document discusses modifications made to allow a stationary diesel engine commonly used in developing countries to run on straight plant oils as a fuel substitute. The modification kit includes a preheating system and adjustments to the injector pressure and timing to improve atomization given plant oils' unique properties compared to diesel. Testing showed that with preheating of the high pressure fuel line and changes to injection parameters, the engine could efficiently utilize plant oils with performance similar to diesel, providing a potentially lower cost and sustainable fuel for remote rural areas.
The document analyzes the performance and emissions of diesel blended with palm kernel oil and an additive. Palm kernel oil was blended with diesel in ratios from 10% to 30% by volume. The blends and pure diesel were tested in a single cylinder diesel engine. Key findings include:
1) The 25% palm kernel oil and 75% diesel blend (B25) showed a 19% reduction in smoke emissions and a 13.3% reduction in hydrocarbon emissions compared to pure diesel.
2) Adding an additive to the B25 blend further reduced smoke by 23.8% and hydrocarbons by 16% compared to pure diesel.
3) The B25 blend and B25 blend with additive showed reductions in carbon
Experimental Investigation of Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteri...ijsrd.com
This document experimentally investigates the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a single cylinder low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine fueled with diesel and neem kernel biodiesel. Neem kernel biodiesel was tested in blends of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 100% with diesel. Testing was conducted under identical operating conditions. Results show the brake thermal efficiency of the LHR engine decreased slightly with biodiesel compared to diesel. Carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions decreased but oxide of nitrogen emissions increased with biodiesel due to higher peak combustion temperatures. Overall, the results of using neem kernel biodiesel in the LHR engine were found to be satisfactory.
Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Multicylinder Diesel ...ijsrd.com
Continuous rise in the conventional fuel prices and shortage of its supply have increased the interest in the field of the alternative sources for petroleum fuels. Biodiesel is one such alternative source which provides advantage of pollution control. In the present work, experimentation is carried out to study the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of Rice-Bran biodiesel and diesel. In this experiment a multi cylinder, four stroke, naturally aspired, direct injection, water cooled, eddy current dynamometer, TATA Indica V2 diesel engine is used at variable speed condition. Crude oil is converted into biodiesel and characterization has been done. The experiment is conducted at variable speed condition. The engine performance parameters studied were brake power, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency. The emission characteristics studied are CO, CO2, UBHC, mean gas temperature, exhaust gas temperature and smoke opacity. The combustion characteristics studied are cylinder pressure, mass fraction burned, net heat release rate, cumulative heat release rate and rate of pressure rise. These results are compared to those of pure diesel. These results are again compared to the corresponding results of the diesel. From the graph it has been observed that, there is a reduction in performance, combustion characteristics and emission characteristics compared to the diesel. This is mainly due to lower calorific value, higher viscosity, lower mean gas temperature and delayed combustion process. The present experimental results show that Rice-Bran biodiesel can be used as an alternative fuel in diesel engine.
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF A THERMAL BARRIER COATED FOUR ST...Varthamanan prabachandran
The document discusses the performance and emission characteristics of a thermal barrier coated diesel engine using diesel, biodiesel, and ethanol blend fuels. It describes testing various fuel blends in a normal diesel engine and one with an Al2O3 thermal barrier coating. The results showed that the brake thermal efficiency was highest for the thermal barrier coated diesel-biodiesel blend. Emissions of CO, CO2, HC, NOx and smoke were measured and varied depending on the fuel blend and engine type.
This document summarizes an experimental study on the use of neem methyl esters as biodiesel in a compression ignition engine. Neem oil was transesterified to produce biodiesel, which was then blended with diesel in ratios of 10%, 20%, and 30% by volume. The blends were tested in a single cylinder diesel engine and performance and emission characteristics were analyzed at varying loads. Results showed that the B20 blend performed better than diesel with lower emissions. Higher blend ratios like B30 saw decreased performance due to higher viscosity negatively impacting combustion. Overall, the study demonstrated the potential of neem biodiesel to replace a portion of diesel fuel.
This document discusses biodiesel as an alternative fuel to diesel. It summarizes that biodiesel is produced through a chemical process called transesterification where vegetable oils or animal fats are combined with alcohol to form alkyl esters. Common feedstocks used for biodiesel production include soybean oil, rapeseed oil, and waste cooking oils. The document examines the transesterification reaction process and variables that impact biodiesel quality such as catalyst type and concentration. It finds that biodiesel produces fewer emissions than diesel fuel but higher NOx emissions.
This document summarizes an experimental investigation of the performance of a single cylinder diesel engine operating on blends of rice bran oil (RBO) and rice bran oil methyl ester (RBOME). The properties of RBO, RBOME, and diesel were compared. Tests were conducted at a constant engine speed of 1500 rpm with varying loads. Results showed that using RBO and RBOME blends increased fuel consumption, brake specific fuel consumption, and brake specific energy consumption compared to diesel. Brake thermal efficiency decreased with increasing blend percentages of RBO and RBOME. RBOME blends performed slightly better than RBO blends but both performed worse than diesel alone.
Compression Ignition Engine Modifications for Straight Vegetable Oil Fuel XZ3
This document discusses modifications made to allow a stationary diesel engine commonly used in developing countries to run on straight plant oils as a fuel substitute. The modification kit includes a preheating system and adjustments to the injector pressure and timing to improve atomization given plant oils' unique properties compared to diesel. Testing showed that with preheating of the high pressure fuel line and changes to injection parameters, the engine could efficiently utilize plant oils with performance similar to diesel, providing a potentially lower cost and sustainable fuel for remote rural areas.
The document analyzes the performance and emissions of diesel blended with palm kernel oil and an additive. Palm kernel oil was blended with diesel in ratios from 10% to 30% by volume. The blends and pure diesel were tested in a single cylinder diesel engine. Key findings include:
1) The 25% palm kernel oil and 75% diesel blend (B25) showed a 19% reduction in smoke emissions and a 13.3% reduction in hydrocarbon emissions compared to pure diesel.
2) Adding an additive to the B25 blend further reduced smoke by 23.8% and hydrocarbons by 16% compared to pure diesel.
3) The B25 blend and B25 blend with additive showed reductions in carbon
Experimental Investigation of Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteri...ijsrd.com
This document experimentally investigates the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a single cylinder low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine fueled with diesel and neem kernel biodiesel. Neem kernel biodiesel was tested in blends of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 100% with diesel. Testing was conducted under identical operating conditions. Results show the brake thermal efficiency of the LHR engine decreased slightly with biodiesel compared to diesel. Carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions decreased but oxide of nitrogen emissions increased with biodiesel due to higher peak combustion temperatures. Overall, the results of using neem kernel biodiesel in the LHR engine were found to be satisfactory.
Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Multicylinder Diesel ...ijsrd.com
Continuous rise in the conventional fuel prices and shortage of its supply have increased the interest in the field of the alternative sources for petroleum fuels. Biodiesel is one such alternative source which provides advantage of pollution control. In the present work, experimentation is carried out to study the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of Rice-Bran biodiesel and diesel. In this experiment a multi cylinder, four stroke, naturally aspired, direct injection, water cooled, eddy current dynamometer, TATA Indica V2 diesel engine is used at variable speed condition. Crude oil is converted into biodiesel and characterization has been done. The experiment is conducted at variable speed condition. The engine performance parameters studied were brake power, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency. The emission characteristics studied are CO, CO2, UBHC, mean gas temperature, exhaust gas temperature and smoke opacity. The combustion characteristics studied are cylinder pressure, mass fraction burned, net heat release rate, cumulative heat release rate and rate of pressure rise. These results are compared to those of pure diesel. These results are again compared to the corresponding results of the diesel. From the graph it has been observed that, there is a reduction in performance, combustion characteristics and emission characteristics compared to the diesel. This is mainly due to lower calorific value, higher viscosity, lower mean gas temperature and delayed combustion process. The present experimental results show that Rice-Bran biodiesel can be used as an alternative fuel in diesel engine.
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF A THERMAL BARRIER COATED FOUR ST...Varthamanan prabachandran
The document discusses the performance and emission characteristics of a thermal barrier coated diesel engine using diesel, biodiesel, and ethanol blend fuels. It describes testing various fuel blends in a normal diesel engine and one with an Al2O3 thermal barrier coating. The results showed that the brake thermal efficiency was highest for the thermal barrier coated diesel-biodiesel blend. Emissions of CO, CO2, HC, NOx and smoke were measured and varied depending on the fuel blend and engine type.
This document summarizes an experimental study on the use of neem methyl esters as biodiesel in a compression ignition engine. Neem oil was transesterified to produce biodiesel, which was then blended with diesel in ratios of 10%, 20%, and 30% by volume. The blends were tested in a single cylinder diesel engine and performance and emission characteristics were analyzed at varying loads. Results showed that the B20 blend performed better than diesel with lower emissions. Higher blend ratios like B30 saw decreased performance due to higher viscosity negatively impacting combustion. Overall, the study demonstrated the potential of neem biodiesel to replace a portion of diesel fuel.
This document discusses biodiesel as an alternative fuel to diesel. It summarizes that biodiesel is produced through a chemical process called transesterification where vegetable oils or animal fats are combined with alcohol to form alkyl esters. Common feedstocks used for biodiesel production include soybean oil, rapeseed oil, and waste cooking oils. The document examines the transesterification reaction process and variables that impact biodiesel quality such as catalyst type and concentration. It finds that biodiesel produces fewer emissions than diesel fuel but higher NOx emissions.
This document summarizes an experimental investigation of the performance of a single cylinder diesel engine operating on blends of rice bran oil (RBO) and rice bran oil methyl ester (RBOME). The properties of RBO, RBOME, and diesel were compared. Tests were conducted at a constant engine speed of 1500 rpm with varying loads. Results showed that using RBO and RBOME blends increased fuel consumption, brake specific fuel consumption, and brake specific energy consumption compared to diesel. Brake thermal efficiency decreased with increasing blend percentages of RBO and RBOME. RBOME blends performed slightly better than RBO blends but both performed worse than diesel alone.
This document summarizes research on producing biodiesel from vegetable oils. It discusses how biodiesel is made up of fatty acid esters and has benefits over conventional diesel like being renewable, non-toxic and producing lower emissions. The key methods covered for producing biodiesel are blending oils with diesel, micro-emulsification, cracking, and transesterification. Transesterification is identified as the most important process for reducing the high viscosity of vegetable oils that causes issues in diesel engines. The advantages and challenges of using vegetable oils as fuels are also presented.
This document provides information on a training course titled "Biodiesel Fuel Quality & BQ-9000" presented by the National Biodiesel Board. The objectives of the course are to instruct attendees on diesel and biodiesel fuel properties, how these properties affect fuel quality and filtration, and details on the BQ-9000 biodiesel quality program. Key topics that will be covered include ASTM biodiesel specifications, critical fuel quality parameters and their importance, biodiesel's enhanced lubricity, and its performance in low temperature operation.
This document outlines an experimental investigation on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with mahua oil methyl ester (biodiesel) and an additive. The objectives were to produce biodiesel from mahua oil via transesterification, characterize fuel properties, prepare test fuels as biodiesel blends, and test the blends in a diesel engine. Various engine performance and emission parameters were estimated using the blends and compared to diesel. The results showed that with increasing additive percentage in the biodiesel, engine performance improved with lower emissions. The conclusion was that mahua biodiesel with an additive can be a suitable alternative fuel for diesel engines.
Rice bran oil was converted to biodiesel through a two-stage transesterification process. The optimum conditions for producing biodiesel with the highest yield were found to be 55°C, 1 hour reaction time, a 9:1 molar ratio of rice bran oil to methanol, and 0.75% catalyst. Tests on a small diesel engine showed that rice bran biodiesel had properties similar to diesel and could run the engine smoothly, though brake thermal efficiency was slightly lower than with diesel.
Evaluation of Biodiesel as an Alternate Fuel to Compression Ignition Engine a...IJMER
To meet increasing energy requirements, there has been growing interest in alternate fuels like biodiesel to provide a suitable diesel oil substitute for internal combustion engines. Biodiesel offer a very promising alternate to diesel oil since they are renewable and have similar properties. Further it can be used with/without any modifications to the engine. It is an oxygenated fuel and emissions of carbon monoxide are less unlike fossil fuels, the use of biodiesel does not contribute to global warming as CO2 emitted is once again absorbed by the plants grown for vegetable oil/biodiesel production, thus CO2 balance is maintained. In the present work the Honge and Jatropha Curcas oil (Biodiesel) at various blends is used with pure diesel to study its effect on performance and emission characteristics of the engine. The performance of the engine under different operating conditions and blends are compared by calculating the brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption by using pure diesel and adding various blends of Honge and Jatropha Curcas oil to diesel. The exhaust gas analyzers and smoke meters are used to find the percentage of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), Hydrocarbons (HC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
An Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Parameters using WT...Working as a Lecturer
this ppt for the Dissertation work for the An Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Parameters using WTO – Diesel blend with Additives in a Diesel Engine,contain all detail anlysis with result.
A Review on Performance Analysis of Emissions using Bio-Diesels as Fuel for d...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the performance analysis of emissions using bio-diesels as fuel for different compression ratios. It summarizes findings from previous research on using crops like jatropha and mahua oils for biodiesel production. The literature review covers past studies on the effects of biodiesel-diesel blends on engine performance and emissions. Experimental results are presented on emissions like CO, CO2, HC and O2 at varying engine loads and compression ratios. The findings show biodiesel blends reduce CO, HC and CO2 emissions compared to diesel, while O2 emissions are higher, due to the oxygen content of biodiesel.
The document summarizes an experimental study on the performance of a diesel engine using biodiesel produced from waste frying oil. Biodiesel was produced through transesterification of used frying oil collected from local restaurants and hotels. The engine was tested using biodiesel blends of B20, B60 and neat biodiesel B100. Results showed brake thermal efficiency and power were slightly reduced for biodiesel compared to diesel, while brake specific fuel consumption was higher due to the lower heating value of biodiesel. However, no operational issues were observed with the biodiesel blends.
The document provides an overview of biodiesel, including its benefits, production process, specifications, quality standards, performance, and industry support. Key points covered include biodiesel being a renewable fuel produced from vegetable oils or animal fats through a chemical process, its environmental and energy security benefits, approval for use in diesel engines up to B20, and quality programs to ensure it meets industry standards.
This document summarizes a study on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine operating on blends of mahua oil (a vegetable oil) and diesel fuel with varying injection pressures. Tests were conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine operated with mahua oil blends including B10, B20, B30, B40 and B100 (100% mahua oil) at injection pressures from 190-240 kg/cm2 and compared to operation on pure diesel. The results showed that a B10 blend could be used at the engine's rated injection pressure of 200 kg/cm2 without significantly affecting performance or emissions compared to diesel. Increasing the injection pressure to 230 kg/cm2 improved brake thermal efficiency up
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document provides an overview of biodiesel, including:
1) Biodiesel is a renewable fuel made from vegetable oils or animal fats that can be used as a substitute for or blended with petroleum diesel.
2) Biodiesel offers benefits like reduced emissions, energy security, and support for domestic jobs and rural economies.
3) For best performance and engine compatibility, biodiesel should meet ASTM quality standards and be from BQ-9000 certified producers. Blends up to B20 are widely supported, with some vehicles approved for higher blends or pure biodiesel.
The document provides an overview of the National Biodiesel Board and biodiesel. It discusses that the NBB lobbies for and markets biodiesel in the US, funded by soybean farmers, grants, and biodiesel producers. The presentation aims to educate technicians about biodiesel production, quality standards, benefits including environmental and performance, and OEM support of biodiesel blends. It emphasizes that biodiesel must meet ASTM D6751 specifications and come from BQ-9000 certified suppliers to function properly in diesel engines.
The search for alternative fuels in last few decades is intensive due to the rapid
depletion of petroleum fuels and their ever increasing costs. There is a great need to
reduce the consumption of conventional fuels in both developed and developing countries.
The consumption and demand of the petroleum based fuels is increasing every year due
to the increased industrialization and innovation in the world. The aim of the present
experimental work is to evaluate the impact of various compression ratio using blends of
diesel fuel with 20% concentration of Methyl Ester of Jatropha biodiesel blended with bio
additive and the blends of diesel fuel with 20% concentration of methyl ester of mahua
biodiesel blended with bio additive as an alternate fuel. The experiment is carried out
with three different compression ratios in DI diesel engine. Biodiesel is extracted from
Jatropha oil and mahua oil, 20% (B20) concentration with 3ml bio additive is found to
be the best blend ratio from the earlier experimental study. 3ml of biodiesel B20MEOJBA
and 3ml of B20MEOMBA is tested with compression ratio of 17.5. The purpose of the
experimental study is to obtain better efficiency, minimum specific fuel consumption, and
lower smoke and lesser emission. This is done by increasing cetane number using
combustion additives of 3ml bio additive blends with biodiesel when compared with the
baseline diesel.
Biodiesel production via transesterification of palm oilKátia Gabriel
The document summarizes research into producing biodiesel via transesterification of palm oil using sodium hydroxide loaded onto alumina (NaOH/Al2O3) catalysts. NaOH/Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by impregnating alumina with sodium hydroxide solutions then calcining. The catalysts were characterized and found to have basic sites suitable for transesterification. Parameters like methanol to oil ratio, catalyst amount, temperature and time were varied to determine optimum conditions. With the optimum conditions, a 99% conversion of palm oil to biodiesel was achieved.
The document describes the production of bio-grease from scrap aluminum. It discusses that bio-grease is more environmentally friendly than traditional grease and provides various desirable properties. Aluminum-based bio-grease is a good example as its raw materials of aluminum scrap, stearic acid, and vegetable oil are all natural products. The document then outlines the experimental method for producing bio-grease which involves pretreating aluminum scrap through chemical cleaning before reacting it with sulfuric acid to produce aluminum sulfate, a thickening agent.
Performance Analysis of Emissions using Bio-Diesels as Fuel for different Com...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on the performance analysis of emissions using bio-diesels as fuel in diesel engines with different compression ratios. It discusses how smoke, NOx, CO, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, and exhaust gas temperature are affected by varying the compression ratio when using blends of jatropha and mahua oils compared to diesel fuel. The document also reviews literature on using vegetable oils as fuels in diesel engines and the process of biodiesel production through transesterification. Experimental results show that bio-diesel blends produce lower emissions of CO, HC and higher emissions of CO2 and O2 compared to diesel fuel due to the oxygen content of bio-diesels.
IRJET-Performance Study on Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) Engine using Diff...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research into using neem biodiesel in a variable compression ratio engine. Neem oil is converted to biodiesel via a transesterification process with methanol. The biodiesel is then tested in blends of 10%, 30%, and 50% neem biodiesel with diesel in a single cylinder engine. The performance parameters of brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, and emissions of CO, HC, CO2, and NOx are evaluated at different loads. The results show that a blend of 50% neem biodiesel with 5% methanol additive has the highest brake thermal efficiency but also higher emissions due to the methanol content. Overall, the neem biodiesel blends performed
Experimental Investigation on Use of Honge(Pongamia) Biodiesel on Multi-cylin...ijsrd.com
Experimental investigation was conducted on a multicylinder diesel engine using honge biodiesel derived from the Pongamia plant. Honge biodiesel was produced using a transesterification process and its properties were tested and found to meet ASTM biodiesel standards. The honge biodiesel was then tested in the diesel engine at varying loads up to 60% throttle. Performance parameters like brake thermal efficiency and specific fuel consumption were evaluated, as well as emission characteristics like carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and smoke opacity. Combustion characteristics such as cylinder pressure, heat release rate, and gas temperature were also analyzed against crank angle. The results showed that honge
Production and Application of Bio-diesel in Compression Ignition Engineijsrd.com
The continuous increasing demand for energy and diminishing tendency of petroleum resources has led to the search for alternative renewable and sustainable fuel. Biodiesel seems to be a solution for future and being viewed as a substitute of Diesel. The vegetable oil, fats, grease are source of feedstock for the production of biodiesel. Out of four methods viz. dilution, micro emulsion, thermal cracking and Transesterification, the last one is used to produce biodiesel and reduce viscosity. Biodiesel is more suitable for use as an engine fuel rather than straight vegetable oils for a number of reasons; the more notably is its low viscosity. The aim of the paper at hand is towards the production of biodiesel from vegetable oils viz. Karanja, Jatropha by Transesterification process. Fuels were manufactured by direct blending 5% of biodiesels, namely, Karanja and Jatropha and Rice Bran vegetable oil using Magnetic stirrer. The physical properties of the fuels were also found out. Later, these fuels were run in Compression Ignition engines to test and compare the performance and pollution characteristics of fuels.
Feasibility and Future Prospects of Biodiesel use in IC Engines - A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of the feasibility and future prospects of using biodiesel in internal combustion (IC) engines. It discusses biodiesel production through the transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats with an alcohol. Biodiesel has properties similar to petroleum diesel, including density, flash point, and calorific value. The document compares the properties of various biodiesel fuels derived from crops like jatropha, karanja, castor, and mahua. It also examines engine performance parameters like brake mean effective pressure and mechanical efficiency when operating on biodiesel. Emissions are also evaluated when using biodiesel and its blends with petroleum diesel in IC engines.
This document summarizes research on producing biodiesel from vegetable oils. It discusses how biodiesel is made up of fatty acid esters and has benefits over conventional diesel like being renewable, non-toxic and producing lower emissions. The key methods covered for producing biodiesel are blending oils with diesel, micro-emulsification, cracking, and transesterification. Transesterification is identified as the most important process for reducing the high viscosity of vegetable oils that causes issues in diesel engines. The advantages and challenges of using vegetable oils as fuels are also presented.
This document provides information on a training course titled "Biodiesel Fuel Quality & BQ-9000" presented by the National Biodiesel Board. The objectives of the course are to instruct attendees on diesel and biodiesel fuel properties, how these properties affect fuel quality and filtration, and details on the BQ-9000 biodiesel quality program. Key topics that will be covered include ASTM biodiesel specifications, critical fuel quality parameters and their importance, biodiesel's enhanced lubricity, and its performance in low temperature operation.
This document outlines an experimental investigation on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with mahua oil methyl ester (biodiesel) and an additive. The objectives were to produce biodiesel from mahua oil via transesterification, characterize fuel properties, prepare test fuels as biodiesel blends, and test the blends in a diesel engine. Various engine performance and emission parameters were estimated using the blends and compared to diesel. The results showed that with increasing additive percentage in the biodiesel, engine performance improved with lower emissions. The conclusion was that mahua biodiesel with an additive can be a suitable alternative fuel for diesel engines.
Rice bran oil was converted to biodiesel through a two-stage transesterification process. The optimum conditions for producing biodiesel with the highest yield were found to be 55°C, 1 hour reaction time, a 9:1 molar ratio of rice bran oil to methanol, and 0.75% catalyst. Tests on a small diesel engine showed that rice bran biodiesel had properties similar to diesel and could run the engine smoothly, though brake thermal efficiency was slightly lower than with diesel.
Evaluation of Biodiesel as an Alternate Fuel to Compression Ignition Engine a...IJMER
To meet increasing energy requirements, there has been growing interest in alternate fuels like biodiesel to provide a suitable diesel oil substitute for internal combustion engines. Biodiesel offer a very promising alternate to diesel oil since they are renewable and have similar properties. Further it can be used with/without any modifications to the engine. It is an oxygenated fuel and emissions of carbon monoxide are less unlike fossil fuels, the use of biodiesel does not contribute to global warming as CO2 emitted is once again absorbed by the plants grown for vegetable oil/biodiesel production, thus CO2 balance is maintained. In the present work the Honge and Jatropha Curcas oil (Biodiesel) at various blends is used with pure diesel to study its effect on performance and emission characteristics of the engine. The performance of the engine under different operating conditions and blends are compared by calculating the brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption by using pure diesel and adding various blends of Honge and Jatropha Curcas oil to diesel. The exhaust gas analyzers and smoke meters are used to find the percentage of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), Hydrocarbons (HC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
An Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Parameters using WT...Working as a Lecturer
this ppt for the Dissertation work for the An Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Parameters using WTO – Diesel blend with Additives in a Diesel Engine,contain all detail anlysis with result.
A Review on Performance Analysis of Emissions using Bio-Diesels as Fuel for d...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the performance analysis of emissions using bio-diesels as fuel for different compression ratios. It summarizes findings from previous research on using crops like jatropha and mahua oils for biodiesel production. The literature review covers past studies on the effects of biodiesel-diesel blends on engine performance and emissions. Experimental results are presented on emissions like CO, CO2, HC and O2 at varying engine loads and compression ratios. The findings show biodiesel blends reduce CO, HC and CO2 emissions compared to diesel, while O2 emissions are higher, due to the oxygen content of biodiesel.
The document summarizes an experimental study on the performance of a diesel engine using biodiesel produced from waste frying oil. Biodiesel was produced through transesterification of used frying oil collected from local restaurants and hotels. The engine was tested using biodiesel blends of B20, B60 and neat biodiesel B100. Results showed brake thermal efficiency and power were slightly reduced for biodiesel compared to diesel, while brake specific fuel consumption was higher due to the lower heating value of biodiesel. However, no operational issues were observed with the biodiesel blends.
The document provides an overview of biodiesel, including its benefits, production process, specifications, quality standards, performance, and industry support. Key points covered include biodiesel being a renewable fuel produced from vegetable oils or animal fats through a chemical process, its environmental and energy security benefits, approval for use in diesel engines up to B20, and quality programs to ensure it meets industry standards.
This document summarizes a study on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine operating on blends of mahua oil (a vegetable oil) and diesel fuel with varying injection pressures. Tests were conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine operated with mahua oil blends including B10, B20, B30, B40 and B100 (100% mahua oil) at injection pressures from 190-240 kg/cm2 and compared to operation on pure diesel. The results showed that a B10 blend could be used at the engine's rated injection pressure of 200 kg/cm2 without significantly affecting performance or emissions compared to diesel. Increasing the injection pressure to 230 kg/cm2 improved brake thermal efficiency up
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document provides an overview of biodiesel, including:
1) Biodiesel is a renewable fuel made from vegetable oils or animal fats that can be used as a substitute for or blended with petroleum diesel.
2) Biodiesel offers benefits like reduced emissions, energy security, and support for domestic jobs and rural economies.
3) For best performance and engine compatibility, biodiesel should meet ASTM quality standards and be from BQ-9000 certified producers. Blends up to B20 are widely supported, with some vehicles approved for higher blends or pure biodiesel.
The document provides an overview of the National Biodiesel Board and biodiesel. It discusses that the NBB lobbies for and markets biodiesel in the US, funded by soybean farmers, grants, and biodiesel producers. The presentation aims to educate technicians about biodiesel production, quality standards, benefits including environmental and performance, and OEM support of biodiesel blends. It emphasizes that biodiesel must meet ASTM D6751 specifications and come from BQ-9000 certified suppliers to function properly in diesel engines.
The search for alternative fuels in last few decades is intensive due to the rapid
depletion of petroleum fuels and their ever increasing costs. There is a great need to
reduce the consumption of conventional fuels in both developed and developing countries.
The consumption and demand of the petroleum based fuels is increasing every year due
to the increased industrialization and innovation in the world. The aim of the present
experimental work is to evaluate the impact of various compression ratio using blends of
diesel fuel with 20% concentration of Methyl Ester of Jatropha biodiesel blended with bio
additive and the blends of diesel fuel with 20% concentration of methyl ester of mahua
biodiesel blended with bio additive as an alternate fuel. The experiment is carried out
with three different compression ratios in DI diesel engine. Biodiesel is extracted from
Jatropha oil and mahua oil, 20% (B20) concentration with 3ml bio additive is found to
be the best blend ratio from the earlier experimental study. 3ml of biodiesel B20MEOJBA
and 3ml of B20MEOMBA is tested with compression ratio of 17.5. The purpose of the
experimental study is to obtain better efficiency, minimum specific fuel consumption, and
lower smoke and lesser emission. This is done by increasing cetane number using
combustion additives of 3ml bio additive blends with biodiesel when compared with the
baseline diesel.
Biodiesel production via transesterification of palm oilKátia Gabriel
The document summarizes research into producing biodiesel via transesterification of palm oil using sodium hydroxide loaded onto alumina (NaOH/Al2O3) catalysts. NaOH/Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by impregnating alumina with sodium hydroxide solutions then calcining. The catalysts were characterized and found to have basic sites suitable for transesterification. Parameters like methanol to oil ratio, catalyst amount, temperature and time were varied to determine optimum conditions. With the optimum conditions, a 99% conversion of palm oil to biodiesel was achieved.
The document describes the production of bio-grease from scrap aluminum. It discusses that bio-grease is more environmentally friendly than traditional grease and provides various desirable properties. Aluminum-based bio-grease is a good example as its raw materials of aluminum scrap, stearic acid, and vegetable oil are all natural products. The document then outlines the experimental method for producing bio-grease which involves pretreating aluminum scrap through chemical cleaning before reacting it with sulfuric acid to produce aluminum sulfate, a thickening agent.
Performance Analysis of Emissions using Bio-Diesels as Fuel for different Com...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on the performance analysis of emissions using bio-diesels as fuel in diesel engines with different compression ratios. It discusses how smoke, NOx, CO, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, and exhaust gas temperature are affected by varying the compression ratio when using blends of jatropha and mahua oils compared to diesel fuel. The document also reviews literature on using vegetable oils as fuels in diesel engines and the process of biodiesel production through transesterification. Experimental results show that bio-diesel blends produce lower emissions of CO, HC and higher emissions of CO2 and O2 compared to diesel fuel due to the oxygen content of bio-diesels.
IRJET-Performance Study on Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) Engine using Diff...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research into using neem biodiesel in a variable compression ratio engine. Neem oil is converted to biodiesel via a transesterification process with methanol. The biodiesel is then tested in blends of 10%, 30%, and 50% neem biodiesel with diesel in a single cylinder engine. The performance parameters of brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, and emissions of CO, HC, CO2, and NOx are evaluated at different loads. The results show that a blend of 50% neem biodiesel with 5% methanol additive has the highest brake thermal efficiency but also higher emissions due to the methanol content. Overall, the neem biodiesel blends performed
Experimental Investigation on Use of Honge(Pongamia) Biodiesel on Multi-cylin...ijsrd.com
Experimental investigation was conducted on a multicylinder diesel engine using honge biodiesel derived from the Pongamia plant. Honge biodiesel was produced using a transesterification process and its properties were tested and found to meet ASTM biodiesel standards. The honge biodiesel was then tested in the diesel engine at varying loads up to 60% throttle. Performance parameters like brake thermal efficiency and specific fuel consumption were evaluated, as well as emission characteristics like carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and smoke opacity. Combustion characteristics such as cylinder pressure, heat release rate, and gas temperature were also analyzed against crank angle. The results showed that honge
Production and Application of Bio-diesel in Compression Ignition Engineijsrd.com
The continuous increasing demand for energy and diminishing tendency of petroleum resources has led to the search for alternative renewable and sustainable fuel. Biodiesel seems to be a solution for future and being viewed as a substitute of Diesel. The vegetable oil, fats, grease are source of feedstock for the production of biodiesel. Out of four methods viz. dilution, micro emulsion, thermal cracking and Transesterification, the last one is used to produce biodiesel and reduce viscosity. Biodiesel is more suitable for use as an engine fuel rather than straight vegetable oils for a number of reasons; the more notably is its low viscosity. The aim of the paper at hand is towards the production of biodiesel from vegetable oils viz. Karanja, Jatropha by Transesterification process. Fuels were manufactured by direct blending 5% of biodiesels, namely, Karanja and Jatropha and Rice Bran vegetable oil using Magnetic stirrer. The physical properties of the fuels were also found out. Later, these fuels were run in Compression Ignition engines to test and compare the performance and pollution characteristics of fuels.
Feasibility and Future Prospects of Biodiesel use in IC Engines - A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of the feasibility and future prospects of using biodiesel in internal combustion (IC) engines. It discusses biodiesel production through the transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats with an alcohol. Biodiesel has properties similar to petroleum diesel, including density, flash point, and calorific value. The document compares the properties of various biodiesel fuels derived from crops like jatropha, karanja, castor, and mahua. It also examines engine performance parameters like brake mean effective pressure and mechanical efficiency when operating on biodiesel. Emissions are also evaluated when using biodiesel and its blends with petroleum diesel in IC engines.
Study of Performance of Different Blends of Biodiesel Prepared From Waste Co...IJMER
1. The document discusses the production of biodiesel from waste cottonseed oil through transesterification and its use as a fuel in compression ignition engines. Different blends of biodiesel (B10, B20, B30) were tested in a diesel engine and their performance was compared to petrodiesel.
2. Biodiesel production parameters like reaction temperature, catalyst percentage, and alcohol percentage were optimized. Fuel properties of the biodiesel like density, viscosity, and flash point were determined and found to be close to diesel standards.
3. Engine tests showed that while biodiesel blends had slightly lower performance than petrodiesel, B10 and B20 bl
This document summarizes an experimental study on using Karanja oil methyl ester (KOME) as an alternative fuel in a compression ignition engine. KOME was produced through transesterification of Karanja oil with methanol using a calcium oxide catalyst. The properties of the biodiesel were tested and found to comply with biodiesel standards. Blends of KOME and diesel were tested in a single cylinder diesel engine. Results show that BTE was highest for B20 blends at both 200 and 225 bar injection pressures. BSFC was also closest to diesel for B20 blends. Exhaust gas temperatures increased with higher biodiesel content blends and engine load.
IRJET-A Review on Performance Analysis of VCR Engine Working with Fumigated B...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the performance and emissions of a diesel engine running on fumigated biodiesel. It discusses how biodiesel is produced through transesterification of vegetable oils. An experiment was conducted using a single-cylinder diesel engine fueled with pine oil biodiesel through fumigation into the intake air. The properties of biodiesel such as calorific value, viscosity, and flash point are compared to diesel. Results found that fumigated biodiesel can be used in a diesel engine without modification and reduces emissions. Key findings of the experiment are summarized.
IRJET- Production of Biodiesel from Cannabis Sativa (Hemp) Seed Oil and its P...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that produced biodiesel from Cannabis sativa (hemp) seed oil through a transesterification process. The physicochemical properties of the hemp biodiesel were tested and found to meet ASTM standards. The hemp biodiesel was blended with base diesel in ratios from B10 to B100. Engine tests on a single cylinder diesel engine showed that B10 and B20 blends had similar brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption as base diesel. Emissions of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide were reduced on average, but nitrous oxide emissions increased compared to base diesel when using the hemp biodiesel blends. Smoke opacity also improved up
Experimental Investigation of Blends of Esterified Coconut Oil and Sunflower ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental investigation of blends of esterified coconut oil and sunflower oil used in a 4-stroke compression ignition engine. Various blends of the two vegetable oils with diesel were tested in a single cylinder engine to analyze their performance characteristics and emissions. The best performing blend was identified as having the highest brake power and thermal efficiency, lowest brake specific fuel consumption, and minimum smoke density emissions. This blend could serve as a suitable alternative to diesel fuel.
G.akhil vegetable oils working on ic enginesAKHIL G
The document discusses the performance of internal combustion engines using vegetable oils as fuel. It provides an overview of biodiesel production from vegetable oils and animal fats through a process called transesterification. The performance and economics of biodiesel from sources like soybean oil and waste vegetable oil are compared to petroleum diesel. While biodiesel blends perform better in some ways, production costs and limited raw material availability restrict its commercial use. The document also outlines advantages and disadvantages of using straight vegetable oils in engines.
IRJET Performance Analysis of CI Engine by using Two Oils (Jatropha Oil & Met...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on analyzing the performance of a compression ignition (CI) engine using blends of jatropha oil and methanol with diesel fuel as alternative fuels. It first provides background on the need for alternative fuels due to issues with fossil fuels. It then reviews literature on using vegetable oils and their derivatives (like biodiesel) in CI engines. The literature found that biodiesel and blends of up to 50% vegetable oil performed similarly to diesel in terms of engine performance and emissions. The document then describes an experimental study that tested blends of jatropha oil and methanol with diesel in a single-cylinder CI engine. The results showed improved performance over straight vegetable oil, with blends of 40-50
SiO2 beads decorated with SrO nanoparticles for biodiesel production finalAlex Tangy
This document summarizes a study on the development of a heterogeneous solid base catalyst comprising strontium oxide deposited on silica beads (SrO@SiO2) for the conversion of waste cooking oil to biodiesel under microwave irradiation. The catalyst was synthesized by depositing strontium carbonate nanoparticles on silica beads via a microwave irradiation method. The catalyst preparation was optimized with respect to irradiation time, calcination time and temperature, and the ratio of strontium precursor to silica beads. Characterization techniques confirmed the deposition of strontium oxide nanoparticles on the silica beads. Testing showed the SrO@SiO2 catalyst achieved waste cooking oil conversions as high as 99.4% in just 10 seconds of
Notable improvement of fuel properties of waste tire pyrolysis oil by blendin...Adib Bin Rashid
A comprehensive fuel property using neat diesel, neat tire (100% tire oil after distillation of crude tire oil from pyrolysis
process) oil, diesel–tire oil blend and diesel–tire oil–biodiesel blends were investigated in this study. The tire oil was derived
from waste tire by pyrolysis process at a temperature of 450 ◦C. The tire oil was upgraded by the fractional distillation
process. Different proportions (10 vol% and 20 vol%) of waste tire oil were mixed with a reference diesel fuel. Various ratios, including 10 vol% and 20 vol% biodiesel was blended with waste tire oil and waste tire oil–diesel blends to examine the fuel properties with a target to use the different fuel blends as compression ignition (CI) engine’s fuel. A novel pumpkin seed oil (Cucurbita pepo) biodiesel was chosen due to its abundant availability and renewable nature. The reason for blending pumpkin
seed oil–biodiesel is to improve the waste tire oil fuel properties and investigate the influence of fuel oxygen on different fuel
properties. Binary blends, including tire oil–diesel, tire oil–biodiesel, and ternary blends, including diesel–tire oil–biodiesel, were prepared for the tests. The properties tested in this investigation were density, viscosity, higher and lower heating value, smoke limit, flash point, fire point, aniline point, pour point, cloud point, cetane number, sulphur and carbon residue, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy and elemental analysis (CHONS). The comprehensive fuel property results showed that all binary and ternary blends show similar properties compared to reference diesel. Although the binary blends of tire oil and biodiesel indicate a little inferior property than reference diesel fuel, they can be used as fuels for compression ignition engines.
Ijaems apr-2016-2 Experimental Parametric Study of Biodiesel to Develop Econo...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
In this globalization realm, there in constant growth in the rate of expenditure of fossil fuels, consequent on ever increasing population and urbanization. This gives charge to depletion of finite resources in the near future. Fossil fuel emission causes global-warming also green-house gases are intangible factor which collectively degrading the planet. As such, the situation demands for an alternate source of energy that can be used to overcome the conjectured energy crisis. In contrast to this, if the energy source is clean and renewable, it will reduce the environmental trouble as well. In the quest an alternate and renewable energy resources, scientists have plead with a variety of options among which biodiesel-diesel blends as alternative fuels has become a popular option and is getting the attention of many researchers. This is because scientists have enlist the properties of biodiesel prepared from vegetable oils are very close to commercial diesel and thus it has a promising future as an alternative fuel for diesel engine. Biodiesel being renewable, biodegradable and green fuel can reduce our dependence on conventional/non-renewable fossil fuels and it also helps to keep pure quality of air by reducing obnoxious automotive/vehicular emissions. Possible solution of this problem is to replace or find renewable and economically feasible fuel as an alternative source. Already a lot of work for source which fulfill the criteria of sustainability and economical carried out. But the effluent is critical issues. So characterization and formation of biodiesel with zero effluent is prime objective.
IRJET- Production of Biodiesel using Mustard Oil and its Performance Evalu...IRJET Journal
The document discusses the production and performance evaluation of biodiesel made from mustard oil in a compression ignition (CI) engine. Specifically, it details the transesterification process used to produce biodiesel from mustard oil with methanol and sodium hydroxide catalyst. Various blends of mustard oil biodiesel and diesel (B10, B20, B30) were tested in a single cylinder CI engine. Key findings from the engine tests include brake thermal efficiency being highest for B30 compared to other blends and diesel, while brake specific fuel consumption was lowest for B30. Brake power also increased with load for all fuel samples.
A Comparative Analysis of Compression Ignition Engine Characteristics Using P...Editor IJMTER
This paper investigate the scope of utilizing biodiesel with high bland (B20 & B40)
developed from the Methyle alcohol from pongamia oils as an alternative diesel fuel. The major
problem of using neat pongamia oil as a fuel in a compression ignition engine arises due to its very
high viscosity. Transesterification with alcohols reduces the viscosity of the oil and other properties
have been evaluated to be comparable with those of diesel. In the present project work, an
experimental investigation is carried out on performance and emission characteristics of preheated
higher blends of pongamia biodiesel with diesel. The higher blends of fuel is preheated at 60, 75, 90
and 110˚C temperature using waste exhaust gas heat in a shell and tube heat exchanger.
Transesterification process is used to produce biodiesel required for the project from raw pongamia
oil. Experiments were done using B20 and B40 biodiesel blends at different preheating temperature
and for different loading. A significant improvement in performance and emission characteristics of
preheated B40 blend was obtained. B40 blend preheated to 110˚C showed maximum 8.72% and
8.97% increase in brake thermal efficiency over diesel and B20 blend respectively at 75% load. Also
the highest reduction in UBHC emission and smoke opacity values are obtained as 79.41% and
80.6% respectively over diesel and 78.12% and 73.54% respectively over B20 blend for B40 blend
preheated to 110˚C at 75% load. Thus preheating of higher blends of diesel and biodiesel at higher
temperature improves the viscosity and other properties sharply and improves the performance and
emission.
Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a C.I. Engine Fuelled with Diffe...idescitation
In this research work, waste mustard biodiesel-diesel fuel blends as alternative
fuels for diesel engines were studied. An experimental investigation has been carried out to
evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with waste
mustard biodiesel-diesel blends (10%, 15% and 20%) and important fuel properties have
also been determined. The performance parameters analyzed include brake power, brake
thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, and exhaust gas temperature whereas
exhaust emissions include unburnt hydrocarbons (UHC), carbon monoxide (CO) and oxides
of nitrogen (NO x). The results of the experiment in each case were compared with baseline
data of diesel fuel. Significant improvements have been observed in the performance
parameters of the engine as well as exhaust emissions. The waste mustard biodiesel-diesel
fuel blends were tested in a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine. Engine
performance and exhaust emissions were measured while the engine running at no, part and
full load condition. This paper investigates the scope of utilizing waste mustard oil blends
with diesel fuel. It concluded that B10 blend of waste mustard biodiesel act as best
alternative fuel among all tested fuel at full load condition. The objective of the present
research was to explore technical feasibility of waste mustard oil in direct injection C.I.
engine without any substantial modifications in the engine design..
A Technical Review of Biodiesel Fuel Emissions and Performance on Industrial ...IJMER
Biofuels play an important role in many developing countries as a clean liquid fuel which helps
to address the energy, costs and global warming as compared to petroleum fuels. Biodiesel can be
blended to any level to any petroleum diesel to create a biodiesel blend. Blending of biodiesel with small
amount of petroleum product gives control to air pollution. Additives plays and important role in
minimizing the NOx Emission which result in sigh of relief who are opting biodiesel as an alternative fuel.
In the future the biodiesel play an important role in reduce the greenhouse gases In this review article the
reports on regulated and non-regulated emission, durability, economy and performance on biodiesel by
various researchers have seen cited since 2000
High speed Trains | Mechanical Engineering | Paper Presentation | BPP Kalambakshaybgarad0308
This project presentation summarizes research on using high speed trains. It discusses the primary problem with existing railways which is tight curves that create high centrifugal forces at high speeds. High speed lines aim to address this by having broader curves. The presentation was submitted by Mr. Garad Akshay Balaji for his mechanical engineering course. It explores using vegetable oils and biodiesel from sources like Jatropha and Undi in engines. The advantages and disadvantages of vegetable oils and biodiesel are summarized. The presentation discusses transesterification to reduce viscosity for use in engines and shows the experimental setup. It outlines the objectives to analyze parameters like power, fuel consumption and emissions from blends of the oils.
This document is a technical seminar report on biofuel and its importance. It was authored by two students, A. Jannath Nissa and A. Krupa Vara Prasad, for their B.Tech degree under the guidance of professors Ch. Ravi Kumar and B. Surya Tej Singh from the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Adam's Engineering College. The report discusses vegetable oils as an alternative fuel for diesel engines and analyzes the performance and emissions of pre-heated mahua oil and its blends. It finds that pre-heating can reduce viscosity and offers improved performance and reduced emissions compared to neat vegetable oil. The report also examines parameters like fuel inlet temperature, blending ratio,
Performance Analysis of 4 Stroke Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Blend O...IJMER
In current scenario, there are continuously increasing the number of automobiles and
correspondingly increasing the fuel consumption as well as fuel prices. In this regard, biodiesel is
found as an alternative fuel derived from natural fats or vegetable oils and it is considered as an
attractive alternative to replace diesel fuel.
In this work, biodiesel prepared from soya oil by Transesterification process with methyl alcohol.
Processed soya oil is blended with diesel in different proportions as B-10, B-20, B-30, B-40 and B-50.
Thermodynamic analysis of 4stroke single cylinder diesel engine, By using different blends of diesel &
soya oil has been carried out the effect of B-10,B-20,B-30,B-40,B-50 on the Brake Power, Thermal
Efficiency, Brake Specific Fuel Consumption and Total Fuel Consumption has been absorbed. The
experimental result shows that at B-40, the optimum BTE (12.09), maximum BP (1.221) and minimum
BSFC (0.694)
Similar to Green Power: From Diesel Engines Burning Biological Oils and Recycled Fat (20)
This document provides links to resources about organic gardening and farming techniques, including manuals on increasing plant yields by 400%, rainwater harvesting, green roofs, straight vegetable oil vehicles, garden therapy for the disabled, volunteering on organic farms in Europe, solar energy training, and eco-friendly coffee bean development projects. The resources aim to educate about city, backyard, and urban farming using organic and sustainable methods.
A Comparison of Liquid Biofuels in Home Heating FurnacesXZ3
A study tested various biofuel blends in home heating furnaces and found that a 20% blend of waste vegetable oil (WVO) performed well and was the first biofuel to be cheaper than petroleum heating oil. Field tests of 20% WVO and soybean oil (SVO) blends found no issues after several months of use. Using less refined plant oils and waste oils reduces biofuel production costs and brings the prices below the petroleum barrier. Future studies are needed on long-term storage stability and delivery issues for biofuel heating to help establish local production in Connecticut.
Adapting A VW Golf Car For Using Pure Rapeseed Oil As FuelXZ3
This document summarizes research adapting a VW Golf automobile to run on pure rapeseed oil as fuel. Key points:
- A VW Golf with a 1.9L diesel engine was modified using an Elsbett one-tank conversion kit, allowing it to use pure rapeseed oil as fuel.
- Initial tests were conducted in winter conditions down to -7°C. The modified engine started and drove without issues, showing rapeseed oil fuel consumption was slightly higher than diesel but better than biodiesel.
- Component temperature measurements showed the electric fuel heater brought oil temperatures over 60°C within 1.5-1.7 minutes, allowing warm engine operation on rapeseed oil even below
Algae have potential as a feedstock for biofuels because they are photosynthetic and can grow much faster than land crops. Algae can be used to produce biodiesel from algal oil, as well as ethanol, butanol and other biofuels from algal carbohydrates. Algae have advantages over land crops for biofuels in that they do not require arable land, can yield much more energy per acre, and can absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Several companies are working to scale up algae production and develop cost-effective systems to commercially produce algae-derived fuels and products.
This document discusses using straight vegetable oil or waste vegetable oil as an alternative fuel to diesel for vehicles. It provides annual savings estimates of using these fuels which include reducing diesel consumption by over 6,800 gallons and $9,221 in savings per year. It also outlines operational questions about how these fuels work and their environmental impacts such as being carbon neutral and reusing a waste product.
Beyond Fossil Fuels: Biofuel Opportunities for AfricaXZ3
This document discusses opportunities for renewable energy in Africa beyond fossil fuels. It notes that Africa has low electrification rates and energy consumption. Renewable sources like biomass, hydro, geothermal, wind and solar are discussed. Specific opportunities for biofuels in West Africa are examined. The creation of the African Biofuel and Renewable Energy Fund (ABREF) is proposed to finance biofuel and renewable energy projects, with the goals of contributing to industry development in Africa and providing returns through certified emission reduction credits.
Beyond Biodiesel - Running on Straight Vegetable OilXZ3
1. Penn State University conducted research running a New Holland tractor and Case wheel loader on straight vegetable oil (SVO) for over a year.
2. The SVO was produced from cold-pressed canola seeds grown on Penn State's farmland.
3. Results found the equipment performed normally with no issues when running on SVO, though long-term use may impact engine life due to carbon buildup. The research aims to further understanding of SVO as a renewable fuel alternative.
Biodiesel Production from Jatropha curcas Oil Using Potassium CarbonateXZ3
This document summarizes a study on producing biodiesel from Jatropha curcas (JTC) oil using potassium carbonate as an unsupported catalyst. Key findings include:
1) Potassium carbonate produced the least amount of soap compared to other base catalysts and can be recovered from JTC seedcake ash, making it suitable for biodiesel production from JTC oil.
2) The transesterification of JTC oil appeared complete within 15 minutes using 5% potassium carbonate and a 6:1 methanol to oil ratio or 4% potassium carbonate and a 9:1 ratio, both at 60°C.
3) FTIR-ATR analysis was used to monitor the
Blooming Futures: Fuelling Vehicles With Plant OilsXZ3
Blooming Futures is a UK company that has developed technology to convert diesel engines to run on pure plant oil (PPO) as a sustainable motor fuel. PPO has significantly lower carbon emissions than diesel. Blooming Futures aims to establish a UK supply chain for locally sourced PPO and make it available to private and commercial users. To promote PPO, Blooming Futures set up a fleet of 50 vehicles from local businesses that were converted to run on PPO, funded in part by DEFRA, called the Bio-Fleet Project.
Breeding Sustainable Energy Crops For The Developing WorldXZ3
This document proposes a research project to develop Jatropha curcas as a sustainable energy crop for developing countries. The goals are to establish a Jatropha germplasm collection, evaluate varieties for yield and other traits, conduct a breeding program to develop improved varieties adapted to marginal lands, and establish Jatropha as a cash crop in Haiti. The project would address Haiti's needs for environmental restoration, economic development, and reduced fuel imports by developing Jatropha as a crop for hillsides and biodiesel production.
Can It Be Done: I ran my Mercedes on Straight Vegetable Oil XZ3
1) The author has been running his 1980 Mercedes on straight vegetable oil (SVO) for 5 months without issues. Others are surprised that a diesel engine can run on vegetable oil.
2) Rudolph Diesel originally designed diesel engines to run on vegetable oil. The author discusses various types of vegetable-based fuels including SVO, biodiesel (B100), and a B20 blend.
3) Benefits of using vegetable oil over diesel include reducing emissions, being carbon neutral, reducing reliance on oil companies, and saving money on fuel costs. The author provides details on gathering, filtering, and using vegetable oil as fuel.
Canola Power: Running your Car on Straight Vegetable OilXZ3
Robert Schauf from Barron, Wisconsin runs his 1,000-acre dairy farm entirely on straight vegetable oil (SVO) made from canola. He imported a small, automated cold press from Germany to extract the oil from canola seeds on his farm. With the press and conversion kits for his tractors costing $5,000 each, he is able to produce 35,000 gallons of canola oil fuel per year, saving $1-1.50 per gallon compared to diesel. German farmers visited also fuel their farms and vehicles with vegetable oil made from pressed canola or rapeseed on small, diversified family farms.
Characterization Of Jatropha Curcas L. Seed And Its OilXZ3
The document analyzes the physical properties and composition of Jatropha curcas L. seeds and oil from Argentina and Paraguay. It finds:
1) The seeds have high levels of protein (26.2%) and carbohydrates (56.5%) in the press extraction cake.
2) The oil from both sources is highly unsaturated, with linoleic acid being the most abundant fatty acid (42.6% for Paraguayan oil and 53.3% for Argentinean oil).
3) Both oils have high acidity (26.8 mg KOH/g oil) which prevents direct transesterification for biodiesel production.
The document discusses opportunities for using coconut oil as a biofuel in Pacific Islands. Key points include:
1) Coconut oil can replace or be blended with diesel fuel in engines, providing economic benefits through lower local costs compared to imported diesel.
2) Using coconut oil can support local agro-industries and reduce emissions compared to diesel. However, straight coconut oil requires engine adaptations.
3) Producing biodiesel from coconut oil is more expensive than using straight coconut oil due to chemical processing requirements.
Conversion of Marine Fishing Vessel Diesel Engines for Use with Straight Vege...XZ3
This document discusses converting marine fishing vessel diesel engines to use straight vegetable oil (SVO) as fuel instead of fossil diesel. It provides background on rising oil costs and dependence on imports as motivation. Converting engines is estimated to cost €1500 per engine. Using SVO provides environmental benefits but may currently cost 11-18 cents more per liter than untaxed diesel. Subsidizing SVO to account for its environmental benefits could make it cost competitive across the EU. The conclusion is that promoting SVO use would have political, social, environmental and economic benefits and should be considered a viable alternative to fossil diesel for fishermen.
Diesel -Therm: The Solution for Freezing Problems with BiofuelsXZ3
Diesel-Therm is a fuel preheater that prevents diesel and biodiesel from gelling at low temperatures by warming the fuel before it reaches the filter. It installs directly before the fuel filter and consists of an electric heater, thermostat, and control unit. By keeping the fuel fluid, it avoids clogged filters and ensures reliable engine operation even in very cold conditions without the need for additives. The device has been proven effective and is used by many commercial vehicle manufacturers and operators.
The document provides information about a 2 tank system conversion kit for diesel engines to run on straight vegetable oil (SVO).
The conversion kit contains all the necessary parts to modify the engine, including a second fuel tank, fuel filters, pumps, heat exchanger, sensors and wiring. Detailed instructions and diagrams for installation are also included.
Additional information is given about available second fuel tank models and accessories that can be selected, with pricing. The kit aims to allow operation of the engine according to the included "Vegetable Oil Quality Standard" specifications.
Grow your Own Biofuel Crop - Penn State UniversityXZ3
Fall-seeded canola varieties have potential as a straight biofuel crop that could also qualify as a cover crop. In Pennsylvania, farmers are growing camelina through a cooperative to supply oil to a local biofuel plant. About 300 acres of camelina were planted across 12 farms in Crawford County. The camelina's oil is pressed at a local plant while the remaining meal can be used as a livestock feed high in omega-3 fatty acids. The cooperative aims to expand camelina acres and involve more growers in 2009.
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Green Power: From Diesel Engines Burning Biological Oils and Recycled Fat
1. Green Power
From Diesel Engines
Burning Biological Oils and Recycled Fat
MAN B&W Diesel AG
MAN B&W Diesel
2. Abstract
The paper presents MAN B&W Diesel group’s advances in the field of
renewable energy from workshop and field testing to commercial operation
of medium-speed Diesel engines with a variety of liquid biofuels including
biological oils and recycled fat.
Worldwide commitment to the continuous growth of renew- The tests showed no major deviations in Diesel engine’s
able energy production is giving increasing room for the combustion and injection patterns as well as no significant
use of liquid biofuels in internal combustion engines. Larger changes on the engine performance and reduction of main
bore medium-speed Diesel engines are best suited to burn noxious emissions with the exception of NOX.
low cost liquid biofuels such as some crude vegetable oils,
waste oils and recycled fat. Commercial operation topping 15,000 hours revealed good
long term operational reliability for biofuels.
MAN B&W carried out initial workshop tests to determine
biofuel compatibility with Diesel engines and to compare The possibility of combining sound economics and superior
respective performance and emission data with the eco-friendliness is driving the development and optimisation
results of most commonly used mineral fuels (MGO, HFO). of Diesel engine’s biofuel combustion to affirm this prime mo-
ver as one of the best available technologies for renewable
Biofuels have been found to match the minimum quality power generation applications.
requirements for operation in medium-speed Diesel engines
although some aggressive waste and residual oils/fats have
acidity above the accepted operating limits for conventional
injection systems.
2
3. MAN B&W Diesel – Green Power
Introduction
In the next five years liquid biofuels are set to play a major role in the carrying
out of the European Union’s policies and strategies on the promotion of the use
of renewable fuels for its internal electricity and transport markets1.
The use of liquid biofuels to replace diesel or Heavy Fuel Oil CO2 CO2
in internal combustion engines, such as the ones used to
power vehicles and electricity generation plants, carries clear
global environmental benefits. Combustion of biofuels in re-
placement of mineral fuels actually promotes a net reduction
of greenhouse gas emissions (see the case of rapeseed oil El
illustrated at figure A1) and other combustion related pol-
lutants, while allowing simultaneously for appropriate dispo-
sal of waste biological oils of residential, commercial and/or Rape Seed Oil Heat
industrial origin. Other consensus arguments in favour of bio-
fuels is its potential for local and regional development, pro- Fig. A1: CO2 Balance for green-power generation
from the combustion of rapeseed oil in medium-speed
motion of social and economic cohesion, local job creation Diesel engines
and improvement of regional fuel supply security by reducing
the need for fuel imports.
A number of small bore high-speed engine manufacturers lacquering and seizure of fuel injection equipment, filter
reported potential problems when using biodiesel2 in con- plugging, formation of sludge and sediments, reduced ser-
centrations above 5%, some related to deficiencies in hand- vice life, etc. Lower quality fuels such as raw vegetable oils
ling and storage of these fuels, causing severe problems have been reported as simply not acceptable for use in any
on the engine level including power loss and deterioration concentration: in some high-speed engines these oils do not
of performance, fuel leakage, corrosion, coking, blocking, burn completely and finally cause engine failure by leaving
deposits on the injectors and in the combustion chamber.
1 Directive 2001/77/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 September 2001 on the promotion of the electricity produced from
renewable energy source in the internal electricity market.
Directive 2003/30/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 May 2003 on the promotion of the use of biofuels and other renewable
fuels for transport.
2 Theexpression biodiesel is the common designation for the various fuels collectively known as Fatty Acid Methyl Ester: the most common are RME
(Rapeseed Methyl Ester), PME (Plant Methyl Ester) and SME (Soybean Methyl Ester) available in Europe and the US, respectively.
3
4. Due to its design and construction characteristics larger The paper hereinafter introduces innovative applications of
bore medium-speed Diesel engines are best suited to raw biological oils and recycled fat in medium speed Diesel
burn low quality liquid fuels such as crude vegetable oils engines for power generation purposes, from early research
and some waste and recycled biofuels, which are also the and development work at MAN B&W Diesel in Holeby,
cheapest available biofuels in the world. The possibility of Denmark to field tests.
combining sound economics and superior eco-friendliness
in the operation of its prime movers led MAN B&W to It also presents the most recent results of the biofuel
enter the development and optimisation of liquid biofuel combustion development in larger bore Diesel Engines at
combustion in its medium speed family of Diesel engines. MAN B&W Diesel’s Augsburg centre of competence.
Finally the paper also presents green-power generation
applications by commercial operation of Diesel engines with
biofuels including vegetable oils (e.g. rape seed oil and palm
oil) and recycled biofuel (e.g. waste cooking oil, frying fat).
4
5. MAN B&W Diesel – Green Power
Experimental Methods
Workshop tests conducted at
MAN B&W Diesel Holeby, Denmark
From 1994 to 2003 a number of tests involving the use of The purpose of these tests was to determine whether the
liquid biofuels in medium-speed Diesel generating sets were test engines were able to operate with these biofuels while
conducted at workshops of MAN B&W Diesel Holeby’s carrying out at the same time performance tests including
genset factory in Denmark. Several different fuels like rape emissions measurements.
seed oil, palm oil, fish oil and frying fat have been tested in
different engine types (16/24, 23/30 and 27/38) for up to
100 running hours. During the third quarter of 2004 a
number of tests with biofuel were also carried out in a single
cylinder large bore research engine at MAN B&W Diesel’s
headquarters in Augsburg. The description of such tests
and the properties of the tested biodiesel are presented in
appendix A1.
5
6. Properties of the tested biofuels
The below table A1 shows the physical and chemical
properties of the liquid biofuels tested compared to most
commonly used mineral fuels as Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO)
and Marine Gas Oil (MGO).
Table A1: Properties of the biofuel tested at MAN
B&W’s Holeby workshop, Denmark. A comparison
to most commonly used mineral fuels and the
limit for HFO operation
Property Unit Palm oil Rape seed oil Fish oil Used frying oil MGO HFO Limit
Density at 15°C kg/m3 914.9 920.7 926.3 923 843 < 1010
Lower Cal. Value MJ/kg 36.865 36.89 36.60 36.851 42.82 40.75*
Lower Cal. Value MJ/ltr. 33.96 33.90 34.01 36.10 39.82*
Viscosity @ 40°C cSt 40.2 33.8 29.6 37@50°C 3.42 < 700
Viscosity @ 100°C cSt 8.33 7.88 7.23 11.3 < 55
Ash %w 0.008 0.0079 0.008 < 0.001 < 0.2
Carbon %w 76.6 77.7 77.5 77.2 87.7 86.8*
Hydrogen %w 11.9 12 11.4 11.8 13.3 10.6*
Nitrogen %w < 0.1 1 0.1 < 0.05 < 0.1 0.4*
Sulphur %w < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.1 < 0.05 <5
Total Acid Number mg KOH/g 10.6 2.4 13.1 3.9 <1 < 1*
Cetane nr Typical 52 > 40 > 20
Carbon Residue % 0.57 < 0.2 < 22
*example
6
7. MAN B&W Diesel – Green Power
Conduction of the tests and
operating conditions
Emissions and fuel consumption were measured at 25, 50,
75 and 100% load operating points. For the tests carried
out with the 8L16/24 test-bed the 100 % load point was
omitted due to higher injection pressure resulting from the
use of a l’Orange fuel injection equipment instead of the
normally used Woodward one. Injection and combustion
pressures were measured with a Kistler (piezo-electrical)
pick-up respectively in the injection pump and in the cylinder
cover. The exhaust gas flow was calculated based on the
content of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the exhaust gases and
from the fuel consumption. The amount of exhaust flow was Fig. A2: Fritzens, Innsbruck/Austria
Engine: 6L21/31, Output: 1 290 kW
then used as a basis for calculation of the specific nitrogen
Fuel: Recycled frying fat
oxides (NOX) and carbon oxide (CO) emissions.
7
8. Properties of the tested biofuels
The various biofuels tested fell within the below standard
specification for physical and chemical properties based on
the experience of MAN B&W Diesel:
Table A2: Specification of biofuel
for MAN B&W Diesel engines
Spezification
Density (15 °C) 900 – 930 kg/m3 DIN EN ISO 3675, EN ISO 12185
Flash point > 60 °C DIN EN 22719
Lower calorific value > 35 MJ/kg DIN 51900-3
(typical: 36.5 MJ/kg)
Viscosity (50 °C) < 40 cST DIN EN ISO 3104
Cetane number > 40 FIA
Coke residue < 0.4 % DIN EN ISO 10370
Sediment content < 200 ppm DIN EN 12662
Oxidation stability (110 °C) >5h ISO 6886
Phosphorus content < 15 ppm ASTM D3231
Na + K content < 15 ppm DIN 51797-3
Ash content < 0.01 % DIN ISO 6245
Water content < 0.5 % EN ISO 12537
TAN (total acid number) < 4 mgKOH/g DIN EN ISO 660
Cold Filter Plugging Point < 10 °C below lowest EN 116
temperature in fuel system
8
9. MAN B&W Diesel – Green Power
Commercial operation with biofuels
Table A3 below shows the reference list of commercial Medium-speed Diesel engines’ capacity of burning a wide
power plants featuring MAN B&W medium-speed engines variety of these fuels is therefore vital to secure continuous
operating with biofuels as raw vegetable oils, waste oil operation of the engines (above 8,000 hours/year).
and recycled fat.
To secure continuous and economical operation of Diesel
engines a large availability of biofuels is necessary. Due to a
lower heating value of these fuels the annual fuel consump-
tion of a 1 MW power module is close to 2,000 tons of
biofuel. Such large quantities are available from oil- and food
processing plants and from several waste collecting stations
scattered throughout Europe.
Table A3: References
Reference Engine type Power output Biofuel Commissioning Nr. op hours
Qlear, Holland/Switzerland* 9L16/24 760 kW Vegetable oils / June 2001 > 3,000
Waste cooking oil
Mann Energie, Germany 9L16/24 760 kW Raw and waste June 2001 > 15,000
Aigremont, Belgium vegetable oil
Qlear/EMACON, Austria 7L28/32H 1,575 kW Waste cooking oil January 2004 > 12,000
Fritzens, Austria 6L21/31 1,160 kW Recycled frying fat May 2004 > 14,000
Qlear, Italy 7L28/32H 1,575 kW Recycled animal fat January 2005 > 2,000
SPE Harelbeke, Belgium 14V52/55 85,000 kW Palm oil 2005/2006
Wiessner Distillery, Germany 5L27/38 2,888 kW Palm oil 2006
Belgium 18V48/60 17,400 kW Waste oil 2006 contract signed
Germany 12V32/40 5,529 kW Palm oil 2006 contract signed
*re-commissioned October 2004
9
10. Results
Figure A3 below presents the graphics summarising the
most relevant results of the tests conducted at MAN B&W
Diesel Holeby’s workshop. A comparison of engine perfor-
mance parameters both for operation with crude palm oil
and marine gas oil is depicted: maximum pressure in the
cylinder and engine efficiency (measured as the specific fuel
consumption) for different loads are presented.
8L16/24 Palm oil 18-02-1998 6L23/30H
180 0.8
Pmax [bar]
Bosch Smoke No. 1
MGO MGO
0.6
Palm oil 140 Refi Waste oil
Rape seed oil 0.4
100
Fish oil 0.2
60 0
25 50 75 100 25 50 75 100
Load [%] Load [%]
250 800
Spec fuel oil consumption [g/kWh]
Hu 42707
NOX, 15% O2, ISO 3046 [ppm]
MGO MGO
700
Palm oil 230 Refi Waste oil
Rape seed oil 600
210
Fish oil 500
190 400
25 50 75 100 25 50 75 100
Load [%] Load [%]
Fig. A3: Maximum pressure inside the cylinder and specific Levels of smoke and nitrogen oxides emissions for
fuel oil consumption for different load steps: palm oil versus different load steps: biofuels such as rapeseed, fish oil
Marine Gas Oil operation and refined waste oil against Marine Gas Oil operation.
10
11. MAN B&W Diesel – Green Power
Discussion / Analysis
>> Physical and chemical properties for the majority of the >> There is no substantial change on the engine efficiency
biofuels tested were within the minimum quality require- and measured specific exhaust gas flows. Carbon
ments for operation in medium-speed Diesel engines. dioxide specific emissions of biofuel combustion in
Higher viscosity biofuels need to be heated up suffi- Diesel engines are therefore very similar to the ones
ciently to reduce viscosity to injection levels between when using mineral fuels since the lower calorific value
12 to 15 cSt (this corresponds to heating these biofuels of biofuels is compensated by the lower carbon content
up to a level of 60-80ºC). of these fuels. In the case of vegetable oils one should
account for the positive contribution to the carbon
>> Biofuel has the following identifying features when dioxide cycle since this greenhouse gas is captured
compared to Marine Gas Oil: lower net calorific value, back when growing the crop.
higher viscosity and density, lower stoichiometric air-
to-fuel ratio because of higher oxygen content. >> While sulphur oxides are negligible and smoke emis-
sions are significantly lower, nitrogen oxides emissions
>> Some waste and residual oils/fats have acidity could experience however an increase by operation
(measured by the TAN - Total Acid Number) above with biofuels. Installation of catalytic ‘DeNOx’ systems
the accepted operating limits for conventional injection allow the abatement of these emissions down to the
systems. level of the strictest environment regulations
(e.g. German Clean Air Act - TA-Luft).
>> There is no major deviation in the combustion process
when running Diesel engines with biofuels. The tests >> Reliable commercial operation of medium-speed
showed similar patterns in the rate of heat release engines with biofuels is proven by over 15,000
during the combustion as well as measured maximum operating hours burning biofuels with FFA content
cylinder pressure rise with increased loads on engines of 2% (TAN 4).
running both with biofuels and Diesel oil.
11
12. Conclusion
MAN B&W medium-speed Diesel engines are biofuel compatible.
Its fuel quality capabilities are far beyond the restrictions found in
automotive applications.
Several commercial green-power plants have now been rea- The possibility of combining sound economics and supe-
lised in Europe and good long-term operational reliability has rior eco-friendliness is leading to the optimisation of Diesel
been confirmed. engine’s biofuel combustion to affirm this prime mover as
Availability of large quantities of biofuels is however neces- one of the best available technologies for renewable power
sary to ensure reliable and continuous power. The capacity generation applications.
of medium-speed Diesel engines to burn a wide variety of
these fuels is therefore vital to secure continuous operation
of the engines.
Extract from the paper presented at the Rio 5 –
World Climate & Energy International Congress,
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, February 17th 2005.
Author Acknowledgements
Dipl.-Ing. José N. Carranca, MAN B&W do Brasil The Author would like to acknowledge the following for their kind
Praia de Botafogo, 440-9° andar support in writing this paper:
22250-908 Rio de Janeiro - RJ, BRASIL Mr. Jesper Lohse – MAN B&W Diesel A/S - Holeby, Denmark
Email: jose.carranca@manbw.com.br Mr. Finn Alsgren – MAN B&W Diesel A/S - Holeby, Denmark
Mr. Peter Frederiksen – MAN B&W Diesel A/S – Holeby, Denmark
Mr. Siegfried Mayr – MAN B&W Diesel AG - Augsburg, Germany
Mr. Géza Schenk - MAN B&W Diesel AG – Augsburg, Germany
Dr. Holger Gehring - MAN B&W Diesel AG – Augsburg, Germany
Dr. Georg Tinschman - MAN B&W Diesel AG – Augsburg, Germany
12
13. MAN B&W Diesel – Green Power
Appendix A1
Workshop tests conducted at Conduction of the tests and
MAN B&W Diesel Augsburg, Germany operating conditions
During the third quarter of 2004 a number of tests with Measurements were taken between 10 and 100% load du-
a liquid biofuel (BF) were carried out in a single cylinder ring generator operation. Charge air pressures and exhaust
research engine at MAN B&W Diesel’s headquarters in gas pressures on the single cylinder test engine were adjus-
Augsburg. ted to be identical to the 6 cylinder engine 6L32/40.
The purpose of the tests was to compare the engine perfor-
mance and emissions when running with this biofuel against
the results of operation with most commonly used mineral
fuels as Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) and Marine Gas Oil (MGO).
Single Cylinder Research Engine 1L32/40
with external supercharging
>> Bore: 320 mm
>> Stroke: 400 mm
>> Engine Rating: 480 kW at 750 rpm
>> Mean effective pressure: max 30 bar
>> Firing pressure: max. 250 bar
>> Injection System: Common Rail
>> Combustion Chamber: CD (serial)
>> Injection Nozzle: 13x0.43-82º
>> Valve Timing: Valve overlap: ~75º CA,
Inlet valve close: ~905º
>> Mass balancing: 1st and 2nd order
Table A5: Characteristics of MAN B&W single cylinder Fig. A4: Biofuel combustion development
1L32/40 test-bed workshop testing.
13
14. Results
40
Injection Duration [°CA]
HFO
Figures below present the graphics summarising the most BF
30
relevant results of the tests conducted at MAN B&W Diesel MGO 20
Augsburg’s workshop. A comparison of the test engine per-
10
formance parameters both for operation with Biofuel, Marine
0
Gas Oil and Heavy Fuel Oil is depicted in figures A5 and A6: 0 25 50 75 100
Load [%]
injection duration, injection delay and ignition delay for diffe-
rent loads are presented.
8.5
Injection Delay [°CA]
HFO
7.5
BF
MGO 6.5
5.5
4.5
0 25 50 75 100
Load [%]
Fig. A5: Comparison of injection duration and delay
for different engine loads
14
15. MAN B&W Diesel – Green Power
6
Delay of ignition [° CA]
5.3
HFO 5
4.3
4
3.6
BF 3 2.7
2.1 2.2
2
MGO
1
0
Generator Operation 25% Load Generator Operation 100% Load
Fig. A6: Comparison of ignition delay for different engine loads
The resulting thermal efficiency and emissions of biofuel
operation against the ones resulting from running the test
engine with MGO and HFO is depicted in figure A7 below:
105 12
NOX (6L) [g/kWh]
sfoc 42799 (6L) / sfoc(HFO) 42700 (6L) [%]
HFO HFO
103 11
BF BF
10
MGO 101 MGO
9
99
8
97 7
95 6
0 25 50 75 100 0 25 50 75 100
Load [%] Load [%]
1.2 250
Smoke (FSN AVL[-])
HC [ppm]
HFO HFO
1.0 200
BF BF
0.8
MGO MGO 150
0.6
100
0.4
0.2 50
0.0 0
0 25 50 75 100 0 25 50 75 100
Load [%] Load [%]
Fig. A7: Comparison of thermal efficiency and emissions for different engine loads
15