Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals
Performance, Combustion and Emission Evaluation of Fish and Corn Oil as subst...IDES Editor
The indiscriminate usage of fossil fuels in many
countries has led to an increased interest in the search for
suitable alternative fuels. Methyl Esters of Vegetable oils and
Animal fats are found to be good alternative, renewable and
environmental friendly fuels for C.I. engines.
This paper presents the results of investigation carried
out in studying the properties and behavior of methyl esters
of corn seed oil, fish oil and its blends with diesel fuel in a C
I Engine. Engine tests have been carried out to determine the
performance, emission and combustion characteristics of the
above mentioned fuels.
The tests have been carried out in a 4-stroke,
computerized, single cylinder, constant speed, direct injection
diesel engine at different loads. The loads were varied from
0% to 100% of the maximum load in steps of 25%. The Methyl
Ester blends of 10%, 20% and 30% by volume with diesel were
used. The engine test parameters were recorded with the help
of engine analysis software and were studied with the help of
graphs.
The results showed that the properties of the above mentioned
oils are comparable with conventional diesel. The 20% blend
performed well in running a diesel engine at a constant speed
of 1500 rpm. It substantially reduced the emissions with
acceptable efficiency. Hence the oils can be used as suitable
additives for diesel in compression ignition engine.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Experimental Investigation of Performance & Emission Characteristics of Diese...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Transesterification of fish oil and performance study on 4 stroke ci engine w...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals
Performance, Combustion and Emission Evaluation of Fish and Corn Oil as subst...IDES Editor
The indiscriminate usage of fossil fuels in many
countries has led to an increased interest in the search for
suitable alternative fuels. Methyl Esters of Vegetable oils and
Animal fats are found to be good alternative, renewable and
environmental friendly fuels for C.I. engines.
This paper presents the results of investigation carried
out in studying the properties and behavior of methyl esters
of corn seed oil, fish oil and its blends with diesel fuel in a C
I Engine. Engine tests have been carried out to determine the
performance, emission and combustion characteristics of the
above mentioned fuels.
The tests have been carried out in a 4-stroke,
computerized, single cylinder, constant speed, direct injection
diesel engine at different loads. The loads were varied from
0% to 100% of the maximum load in steps of 25%. The Methyl
Ester blends of 10%, 20% and 30% by volume with diesel were
used. The engine test parameters were recorded with the help
of engine analysis software and were studied with the help of
graphs.
The results showed that the properties of the above mentioned
oils are comparable with conventional diesel. The 20% blend
performed well in running a diesel engine at a constant speed
of 1500 rpm. It substantially reduced the emissions with
acceptable efficiency. Hence the oils can be used as suitable
additives for diesel in compression ignition engine.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Experimental Investigation of Performance & Emission Characteristics of Diese...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Transesterification of fish oil and performance study on 4 stroke ci engine w...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Experimental Investication of Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteri...ijsrd.com
Modernization and increase in the number of automobiles worldwide, the consumption of diesel and gasoline has enormously increased. As petroleum is non renewable source of energy and the petroleum reserves are scarce now days, there is a need to search for alternative fuels for automobiles. The intensive search for alternative fuels for compression ignition engines has been focused attention on fuels which can be derived from bio mass in this regard karanja and jatropha seed oil is found to be a potential fuel for C.I Engines. The properties of karanja oil and jatropha oil are determined by using standard methods. The experiment is to be conduct when the engine fuelled with mixing of karanja oil(50%) and jatropha oil(50%) blend by volume and then investigate the performance and emission characteristics of Multi Cylinder Four Stroke Compressed Ignition Engine at different brake power outputs, and then compared with that of diesel.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This project aims at a comparative study on Performance, Emission and
Combustion characteristics of Biodiesel when blended with Barium Oxide
nanoparticles in single cylinder DI Diesel Engine. Because of modernizations and
increase in number of automobiles worldwide, the consumption of diesel has
massively increased. As petroleum is non-renewable major source of energy and its
reserves are scare now a days, there is a need for research in finding alternative fuels
for automobiles. And also Bio diesels are renewable, nontoxic and eco-friendly fuels
that can play an important role in automobile industries. And this paper deals with the
transesterification of biological seed oil by means of methanol in presence potassium
hydroxide catalyst. The viscosity of biodiesel produced from biological seed oil is
nearer to that of the commercially available diesel. The biological seed oil is analyzed
by Gas chromatography and the important properties of biodiesel such as density,
flash point, cloud point, carbon residue are found out and compared with that of
ASTM – biodiesel standards and commercially available diesel
Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a C.I. Engine Fuelled with Diffe...idescitation
In this research work, waste mustard biodiesel-diesel fuel blends as alternative
fuels for diesel engines were studied. An experimental investigation has been carried out to
evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with waste
mustard biodiesel-diesel blends (10%, 15% and 20%) and important fuel properties have
also been determined. The performance parameters analyzed include brake power, brake
thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, and exhaust gas temperature whereas
exhaust emissions include unburnt hydrocarbons (UHC), carbon monoxide (CO) and oxides
of nitrogen (NO x). The results of the experiment in each case were compared with baseline
data of diesel fuel. Significant improvements have been observed in the performance
parameters of the engine as well as exhaust emissions. The waste mustard biodiesel-diesel
fuel blends were tested in a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine. Engine
performance and exhaust emissions were measured while the engine running at no, part and
full load condition. This paper investigates the scope of utilizing waste mustard oil blends
with diesel fuel. It concluded that B10 blend of waste mustard biodiesel act as best
alternative fuel among all tested fuel at full load condition. The objective of the present
research was to explore technical feasibility of waste mustard oil in direct injection C.I.
engine without any substantial modifications in the engine design..
Evaluation of Biodiesel as an Alternate Fuel to Compression Ignition Engine a...IJMER
To meet increasing energy requirements, there has been growing interest in alternate fuels like biodiesel to provide a suitable diesel oil substitute for internal combustion engines. Biodiesel offer a very promising alternate to diesel oil since they are renewable and have similar properties. Further it can be used with/without any modifications to the engine. It is an oxygenated fuel and emissions of carbon monoxide are less unlike fossil fuels, the use of biodiesel does not contribute to global warming as CO2 emitted is once again absorbed by the plants grown for vegetable oil/biodiesel production, thus CO2 balance is maintained. In the present work the Honge and Jatropha Curcas oil (Biodiesel) at various blends is used with pure diesel to study its effect on performance and emission characteristics of the engine. The performance of the engine under different operating conditions and blends are compared by calculating the brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption by using pure diesel and adding various blends of Honge and Jatropha Curcas oil to diesel. The exhaust gas analyzers and smoke meters are used to find the percentage of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), Hydrocarbons (HC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions.
Study of Performance of Different Blends of Biodiesel Prepared From Waste Co...IJMER
The use of biodiesel is rapidly expanding around the world, making it imperative to fully
understand the impacts of biodiesel on the diesel engine combustion process and pollutant formation.
Biodiesel was made by the well-known transesterification process. Waste cottonseed oil was selected for
biodiesel production. Three different blends of biodiesel were prepared i.e. B10, B20 and B30. These three
blends were fuelled in a compression ignition (C.I.) engine. A maximum of 77% biodiesel was produced
with 20% methanol in presence of 0.5% sodium hydroxide. Different parameters for the optimization of
biodiesel production were investigated in the first phase of this study, while in the next phase of the study
performance test of a diesel engine with neat diesel fuel and biodiesel mixtures are to be carried out. The
performance characteristics like brake power (B.P.), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake
thermal efficiency. This performance was then compared with that of petro diesel.
An Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Parameters using WT...Working as a Lecturer
this ppt for the Dissertation work for the An Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Parameters using WTO – Diesel blend with Additives in a Diesel Engine,contain all detail anlysis with result.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Experimental Investication of Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteri...ijsrd.com
Modernization and increase in the number of automobiles worldwide, the consumption of diesel and gasoline has enormously increased. As petroleum is non renewable source of energy and the petroleum reserves are scarce now days, there is a need to search for alternative fuels for automobiles. The intensive search for alternative fuels for compression ignition engines has been focused attention on fuels which can be derived from bio mass in this regard karanja and jatropha seed oil is found to be a potential fuel for C.I Engines. The properties of karanja oil and jatropha oil are determined by using standard methods. The experiment is to be conduct when the engine fuelled with mixing of karanja oil(50%) and jatropha oil(50%) blend by volume and then investigate the performance and emission characteristics of Multi Cylinder Four Stroke Compressed Ignition Engine at different brake power outputs, and then compared with that of diesel.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This project aims at a comparative study on Performance, Emission and
Combustion characteristics of Biodiesel when blended with Barium Oxide
nanoparticles in single cylinder DI Diesel Engine. Because of modernizations and
increase in number of automobiles worldwide, the consumption of diesel has
massively increased. As petroleum is non-renewable major source of energy and its
reserves are scare now a days, there is a need for research in finding alternative fuels
for automobiles. And also Bio diesels are renewable, nontoxic and eco-friendly fuels
that can play an important role in automobile industries. And this paper deals with the
transesterification of biological seed oil by means of methanol in presence potassium
hydroxide catalyst. The viscosity of biodiesel produced from biological seed oil is
nearer to that of the commercially available diesel. The biological seed oil is analyzed
by Gas chromatography and the important properties of biodiesel such as density,
flash point, cloud point, carbon residue are found out and compared with that of
ASTM – biodiesel standards and commercially available diesel
Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a C.I. Engine Fuelled with Diffe...idescitation
In this research work, waste mustard biodiesel-diesel fuel blends as alternative
fuels for diesel engines were studied. An experimental investigation has been carried out to
evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with waste
mustard biodiesel-diesel blends (10%, 15% and 20%) and important fuel properties have
also been determined. The performance parameters analyzed include brake power, brake
thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, and exhaust gas temperature whereas
exhaust emissions include unburnt hydrocarbons (UHC), carbon monoxide (CO) and oxides
of nitrogen (NO x). The results of the experiment in each case were compared with baseline
data of diesel fuel. Significant improvements have been observed in the performance
parameters of the engine as well as exhaust emissions. The waste mustard biodiesel-diesel
fuel blends were tested in a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine. Engine
performance and exhaust emissions were measured while the engine running at no, part and
full load condition. This paper investigates the scope of utilizing waste mustard oil blends
with diesel fuel. It concluded that B10 blend of waste mustard biodiesel act as best
alternative fuel among all tested fuel at full load condition. The objective of the present
research was to explore technical feasibility of waste mustard oil in direct injection C.I.
engine without any substantial modifications in the engine design..
Evaluation of Biodiesel as an Alternate Fuel to Compression Ignition Engine a...IJMER
To meet increasing energy requirements, there has been growing interest in alternate fuels like biodiesel to provide a suitable diesel oil substitute for internal combustion engines. Biodiesel offer a very promising alternate to diesel oil since they are renewable and have similar properties. Further it can be used with/without any modifications to the engine. It is an oxygenated fuel and emissions of carbon monoxide are less unlike fossil fuels, the use of biodiesel does not contribute to global warming as CO2 emitted is once again absorbed by the plants grown for vegetable oil/biodiesel production, thus CO2 balance is maintained. In the present work the Honge and Jatropha Curcas oil (Biodiesel) at various blends is used with pure diesel to study its effect on performance and emission characteristics of the engine. The performance of the engine under different operating conditions and blends are compared by calculating the brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption by using pure diesel and adding various blends of Honge and Jatropha Curcas oil to diesel. The exhaust gas analyzers and smoke meters are used to find the percentage of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), Hydrocarbons (HC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions.
Study of Performance of Different Blends of Biodiesel Prepared From Waste Co...IJMER
The use of biodiesel is rapidly expanding around the world, making it imperative to fully
understand the impacts of biodiesel on the diesel engine combustion process and pollutant formation.
Biodiesel was made by the well-known transesterification process. Waste cottonseed oil was selected for
biodiesel production. Three different blends of biodiesel were prepared i.e. B10, B20 and B30. These three
blends were fuelled in a compression ignition (C.I.) engine. A maximum of 77% biodiesel was produced
with 20% methanol in presence of 0.5% sodium hydroxide. Different parameters for the optimization of
biodiesel production were investigated in the first phase of this study, while in the next phase of the study
performance test of a diesel engine with neat diesel fuel and biodiesel mixtures are to be carried out. The
performance characteristics like brake power (B.P.), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake
thermal efficiency. This performance was then compared with that of petro diesel.
An Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Parameters using WT...Working as a Lecturer
this ppt for the Dissertation work for the An Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Parameters using WTO – Diesel blend with Additives in a Diesel Engine,contain all detail anlysis with result.
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF MAHUA BIODIESEL IN A DI- DIESEL E...IAEME Publication
This work is focused to determine the performance and emissions characteristics of a naturally aspirated direct ignition diesel engine fueled with diesel fuel (DF), mahua biodiesel (MBD) and preheated mahua biodiesel (MBD-PH). The fatty acid composition of MBD is determined and its properties like density, viscosity, cetane number, calorific value and iodine value are also determined. Engine performance tests showed that brake specific fuel consumption of MBD is higher than that of DF.
Experimental Studies on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Fish Oil ...IJERA Editor
Biodiesel is one of the most versatile alternative fuel options for direct injection CI engine applications. In the recent research of biodiesel in India receives its attention towards fish oil based biodiesel. The present work aimed at production of biodiesel from the fish oil extracted from marine fish species by transesterification process which is used as fuel in direct injection CI engine to evaluate its performance, and emission characteristics at different injection opening pressures of 190bar, 200bar, 210bar. The different blends of fish oil biodiesel with diesel, B10, B20, B30, B40, B50 and B100 were used in the experiments and the results indicate that brake thermal efficiency were higher with B30 blend fuel than that of diesel at 210bar as compared at 190bar and 200bar. The brake specific energy consumption for B30 blend at 210bar shows better results than that of diesel. By considering these two performance parameters B30 blend at 210 bar injection opening pressure is taken as optimum. At full load for B30 fuel at 210bar injection opening pressure the emission results shows that there is increase in NOx and CO2 emission but reduction in CO and HC emissions by 20% and 15.55% respectively with reference to diesel fuel.
Experimental Investigation of Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteri...ijsrd.com
The use of methyl esters of vegetable oil known as biodiesel are increasingly popular because of their low impact on environment, green alternate fuel and most interestingly it’s use in engines does not require major modification in the engine hardware. Use of biodiesel as sole fuel in conventional direct injection diesel engine results in combustion problems, hence it is proposed to use the biodiesel in low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engines with its significance characteristics of higher operating temperature, maximum heat release, higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and ability to handle the lower calorific value (CV) fuel. In this work biodiesel from Neem kernel oil was used as sole fuel in LHR direct injection (DI) diesel engine. The low heat rejection engine was developed with uniform metal matrix composites (MMC) coating of cylinder head. The experimental investigation was carried out in a single cylinder water-cooled LHR direct injection diesel engine. In this investigation, the combustion, performance and emission analysis were carried out in a diesel and biodiesel fueled LHR engine under identical operating conditions. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of LHR engine with biodiesel is decreased marginally than LHR engine operated with diesel. Carbon monoxide (CO) and Hydrocarbon (HC) emission levels are decreased but in contrast the Oxide of Nitrogen (NOx) emission level was increased due to the higher peak temperature. In the final analysis, it was found that, the results are quite satisfactory.
ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY FUEL FOR COMPRESSION ENGINES BIODIESEL FOR EUCALYPTUS ...IJCI JOURNAL
Fossil powers have dependably been the most imperative wellspring of vitality for the world. In any case, in perspective of the vitality emergency confronted by the world today because of fossil fuel consumption, it is the ideal opportunity for us to move our regard for other renewable sources which could be utilized as fuel options. This paper looks at the reasonableness of Eucalyptus oil as a wellspring of biodiesel, for use in Compression Ignition Engines. Biodiesel was delivered from unadulterated Eucalyptus oil by the procedure of Transesterification and the fuel properties were contemplated. In the following stage, a solitary barrel coordinate infusion diesel motor was utilized to test the mixes of eucalyptus biodiesel with flawless diesel fuel in different proportions (10%, 20% and 30% by volume). The different execution and discharge qualities of the motor for each of the fuel mixes were investigated for every working state of the motor. Comes about demonstrated that the utilization of biodiesel mixes brought about a critical lessening in the HC and CO emanations with an execution practically comparable to diesel fuel at all heaps. Be that as it may, an expansion in the NOx outflows was seen while bringing the biodiesel content up in the fuel mix, which could be lessened by appropriate motor improvement strategies.
Experimental Investigation on Performance, Emission and Combustion Character...IJMER
Diesel is a fossil fuel that is getting depleted at a fast rate. So an alternative fuel is necessary
and a need of the hour. Rice bran oil, which is cultivated in India at large scales, has a high potential
to become an alternative fuel to replace diesel fuel. Direct use of mahua oil cannot be done, as its
viscosity is more than the diesel fuel, and hence affects the combustion characteristics. The mahua oil is
esterified to reduce the viscosity and it is blended with diesel on volume basis in different proportions.
The use of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) to increase the combustion temperature in diesel engines
has been pursued for over 20 years. Increased combustion temperature can increase the efficiency of
the engine. However, TBCs have not yet met with wide success in diesel engine applications because of
various problems associated with the thermo-mechanical properties of the coating materials. Although,
the in-cylinder temperatures that can be achieved by the application of ceramic coatings can be as high
as 850-9000C compared to current temperatures of 650-7000C. The increase in the in-cylinder
temperatures helped in better release of energy in the case of biodiesel fuels thereby reducing emissions
at, almost the same performance as the diesel fuel. Here the effort has been made to determine the
performance, emission and combustion characteristics of MOME blend with diesel in conventional
engine and LHR engine.
Experimental Investigation on Use of Honge(Pongamia) Biodiesel on Multi-cylin...ijsrd.com
Biodiesel is a fatty acid alkyl ester which is renewable, biodegradable and non toxic fuel which can be derived from any vegetable oil by transesterifiaction process. Biodiesel has become a key source as a substitution fuel and is making its place as a key future renewable energy source. Biodiesel derived from vegetable oils are quite promising alternative fuels for diesel engines. Use of vegetable oils in diesel engines leads to slightly inferior performance and higher smoke emissions due to their high viscosity. The performance of vegetable oils can be improved by modifying them through the Transesterification process. In the present work, the performance of single cylinder direct injection diesel engine using honge as fuel was evaluated for its performance, emission and combustion characteristics. The properties of honge thus obtained are comparable with ASTM biodiesel standards. The produced honge biodiesel was tested for their use as a substitute fuel for diesel engine. Tests have been conducted at different varying load of biodiesel, at 60% throttle. The performance parameters elucidated includes brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, torque, also emission characteristics against varying Brake Power (BP) and combustion characteristics against crank angle.
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel of diesel, is described as fatty acid methyl ester from vegetable oils or animal fats. The main objectives of the present work is to reduce higher viscosity of Pongamia pinnata (Karanja) oil using esterification followed by transesterification and to assess the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine. The important properties of engine fuel such as density, viscosity, flash point and calorific value of Karanja methyl ester were compared with diesel fuel. Various proportions of Karanja oil methyl ester blends (10%, 20%, and 30%) were used for conducting the performance test at varying load conditions. Engine parameters such as brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency were calculated and emission parameter such as emission of carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons and oxide of nitrogen gases in exhaust were recorded. By using Karanja oil methyl ester blends with diesel fuel, the result showed that the brake thermal efficiency of biodiesel blends with diesel fuel wee less as compared to diesel fuel. Fuel consumption was increased with increase in blend proportions. It is found that the emission level of CO and HC level decreased with increased in blend proportion in diesel fuel. NOx emission increased with increase in blend proportion in diesel fuel. The test results indicate that biodiesel B-20 and lesser can be used as an alternative without any modifications of diesel engine.
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTIC OF DI DIESEL ENGINE WITH PREHEATING C...IAEME Publication
In this experimental investigation, the corn oil methyl ester (COME) was prepared by transesterification using corn oil, methyl alcohol and potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a catalyst. The fuel properties of bio-diesel such as kinematic viscosity and specific gravity were found within limited of BIS standard. At different preheated temperatures of COME, the performance and exhaust emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with preheated bio-diesel were obtained and
compared with neat diesel.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
1. A
TECHNICAL
SEMINAR
REPORT
ON
"BIO DIESEL AND ITS IMPORTANCE"
(For the partial fulfilment of B.Tech Degree)
By
A. Jannath Nissa (10651A0303)
A. Krupa Vara Prasad (10651A0336)
Under the esteemed guidance and support of
Ch. Ravi Kumar
Asst. Professor
And
B. Surya Tej Singh
Asst. Professor
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ADAM'S ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi. Affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad.
New Palvancha - 507115
2. 2
Table of Contents
Absract...............................................................................................................................................................3
Nomenclature ....................................................................................................................................................4
1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................5
2. Vegetable Oil As An Alternative Fuel .............................................................................................................6
3. Performance Characteristics..........................................................................................................................9
4. Emission Characteristics...............................................................................................................................13
5. Conclusion....................................................................................................................................................16
References........................................................................................................................................................17
3. 3
Absract
The research on alternative fuels for compression ignition engine has become essential due
to depletion of petroleum products and its major contribution for pollutants, where
vegetable oil promises best alternative fuel.
Vegetable oils, due to their agricultural origin, are able to reduce net CO2 emissions to the
atmosphere. But major disadvantage of vegetable oil is its viscosity, which is higher than
that of mineral diesel. Hence neat vegetable oil does not give better performance.
In the present paper, Bio-diesel (Pre-heated Mahua oil and its blend with diesel has been
introduced as an alternative fuel to overcome the above problems. Various fuel inlet
temperatures, blending ratio, viscosity and various loading conditions are some of the
parameters that need to be analyzed for better engine performance and reduced emissions.
In this study, a review of research papers on understanding of operating conditions and
constrains for pre-heated mahua oil and its blends fuelled compression ignition engine.
Only experimental study is not sufficient to understand the best combination of parameters
improving the performance, hence analysis is carried out using mathematical relations
available from the literature.
4. 4
Nomenclature
1. BSFC : Brake Fuel Specific Consumption
2. CI : Compression Ignition
3. CO : Carbon Monoxide
4. CO2 : Carbon dioxide
5. COME : Cotton Seed Oil Methyl Ester
6. CR : Compression Ratio
7. DF : Diesel Fuel
8. EGT : Exhaust Gas Temperature
9. HC : Hydro Carbon
10. IP : Injection Pressure
11. IT : Injection Timing
12. JOME: Jatropha Oil Methyl Ester
13. KOME : Karanja Oil Methyl Ester
14. LHV : Lower Heating Value
15. MME : Mahua Oil Methyl Ester
16. Nox : Nitrogen Oxide
17. O20 : 20% Rapeseed Oil with Diesel
18. O50 : 50% Rapeseed Oil with Diesel
19. RRO : Raw Rapeseed Oil
5. 5
1. Introduction
Now a days due to limited sources, rapid depletion of fossil fuels and as pollutant resulting
from these categories are massively expelled to ruin the healthy climate is demanding an
urgent need of alternative fuels for meeting the sustainable energy demand with minimum
environmental impact.
Diesel engines are used to power automobiles, locomotives, ships and irrigation pumps. It is
also widely used to generate electric power. A lot of research is being carried out
throughout the world to evaluate the performance, exhaust emission and combustion
characteristics of the existing engines using several alternative fuels such as hydrogen,
compressed natural gases, alcohols, liquefied petroleum gas, biogas, producer gas,
biodiesels developed from vegetable oils.
Using neat vegetable oils in diesel engines is not a new idea. Rudolf Diesel first used peanut
oil as a fuel for demonstration on his newly developed CI engine in the year 1910. Certain
edible such as palm, sun flower, rapeseed and cottonseed and some other non-edible oils
such as karanja (Pongamia pinnata), mahua ( Madhuca Indica), castor, neem (Azadiracta
indica), rice bran linseed, jatropha (Jatropha curcas) etc. were tested to their performance in
diesel engines, they have to be modified to bring their combustion related properties closer
to diesel. This fuel modification is mainly aimed at reducing the viscosity to eliminate flow or
atomization related problem. The fuel injection system of new technology engines is
sensitive to fuel viscosity changes.
High viscosity of the vegetable oil leads to poor combustion, ring sticking, injector chocking,
injector deposits and injector pump failure. Viscosity of the vegetable oils must be reduced
in order to improve its engine performance.
Different methods have been tried to use vegetable oils efficiently. Some of them are given
below with brief explanation like
1. Heating
2. Transesterification with alcohols,
3. Blending with diesel or alcohol and
4. micro-emulsion.
Moreover, the vegetable oil has fixed oxygen in it which can enhance the combustion
process. A preheating of vegetable oil increases the poor cold-flow properties and
improves the atomization of fuel.
6. 6
2. Vegetable Oil As An Alternative Fuel
Vegetable oils mainly contain triglycerides (90% to 98%) and small amounts of mono and di-
glycerides. Triglycerides contain three fatty acid molecules and a glycerol molecule. They
contain significant amounts of oxygen. Commonly found fatty acids in vegetable oils are
stearic, palmitic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid.
Due to agricultural origin, they are able to reduce net CO2 emissions. They have a
reasonably high cetane number. The CO emission decreased with preheating due to the
improvement in spray characteristics and better air fuel mixing.
In principle, vegetable oil is carbon neutral. Vegetable oil is biodegradable, safe to store and
transport due to high boiling point and does not cause environmental or health problems.
However, the high viscosity and poor volatility of vegetable oil show difficulty in handling by
the conventional fuel injection system.
Transesterification and emulsification are found as effective methods for improving
performance and reducing emissions of diesel engine fuelled with biodiesels. However,
transesterification is a more expensive, time consuming and complex process due to the
chemical and mechanical processes involved.
Emulsions can be made by mixing water and surfactants with oil in a simple process.
However, making stable emulsions with suitable surfactants is a difficult task. In addition to
that use of emulsions in diesel engines results in performance at part loads.
Fuel preheating technique offers the advantage of easy conversion of the modifications in
the engine to work on heavy fuels. It needs no modifications in the engine. Engine with fuel
preheating has indeed in principle superior characteristics to that of normal fuel operation.
The experimental result as shown in fig.1 shows preheating of karanja oil resulted in
decreases in viscosity . At the temperature above 100°C the viscosity value reaches to ASTM
limits from 35cSt.
Fig.2 shows that general type of setup used for the preheating of vegetable oil. As viscosity
of these oils use in CI engine. Preheating can be done by using heat of exhaust gases or
using thermostatic heating arrangement to tank. Fuel at elevated temperature injected in
combustion chamber for better performance of engine as shown in Fig. Table 1 and 2 are
shown in Appendix.
7. 7
Preheating is the one of the simplest methods for using vegetable oil in CI engine. The CO
emission decreased with preheating due to the improvement in spray characteristics and
better air fuel mixing. Preheating can offer significant reduction in viscosity with improved
performance and reduced emissions in a diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel (Mahua oil).
8. 8
Mahua oil is of significance because of great need for edible oil as food. However literature
shows limited analysis on the use of mahua oil in diesel engines. In India, mahua (Madhuca
Indica) is one of the forest based tree-borne non-edible oil.
Mahua oil has an estimated annual production potential of 180 thousand tons in India.
Hence it finds attraction to use as fuel in diesel engines. The properties of vegetables
summarized in table no.1 are minimum and maximum values. It is found that the fuel
properties of several vegetable oils are widely different according to climate soil, variety etc.
Compared to diesel fuel, higher density and kinematics viscosity and lower cetane number
and calorific value of vegetable oils are noted. Table no.2 shows the fuel properties of
several methyl esters obtained from vegetable oils and American standards. The physical
properties of biodiesel fuel depend on the structure and type of fatty acid esters present.
9. 9
3. Performance Characteristics
The various performance parameters under study are summarised as follows:
1. Brake thermal efficiency
2. Brake specific fuel consumption
3. Brake power and torque
4. Exhaust gas temperature.
3.1 Brake Thermal Efficiency
The brake thermal efficiency of CI engine is lower than that of the corresponding diesel fuel
at all the engine speed.
Thermal efficiency of preheated Jatropha oil was found slightly lower than diesel. The
possible reason may be higher fuel viscosity. Higher fuel viscosity results in poor atomization
and larger fuel droplets followed by inadequate mixing of vegetable oil droplets and heated
air. However, thermal efficiency of preheated Jatropha oil was higher than unheated
Jatropha oil. The reason for this behaviour may be improved fuel atomization because of
reduced fuel viscosity. Fig.3 gives the percentage change of brake thermal efficiency with
the engine speed.
An experimental study on preheated COME proved that for each heated COME usually
yields higher BTE compared to diesel fuel. The energy of COME entering the engine is
considerably low due to its lower heating value, which results in higher BTE for COME
operations compared to diesel fuel. The BTE with the COME were on averages of 3 - 4%
higher than that of diesel fuel.
10. 10
3.2 Brake Specific Fuel Consumption
It is the ratio between the mass fuel consumption and brake effective power, for a given
fuel, it is inversely proportional to thermal efficiency. The fuel consumption rates for the
test fuels decreased when the fuel (RRO and diesel) was preheated, the mass fuel
consumption decreased around 5.14%, 7.25% and 5.18% for diesel, O20 and O50
respectively.
However, in all test the mass fuel consumption rates for blends were higher than that of DF.
The loss of heating value of RRO is compensated with higher fuel consumption to maintain
the similar trend of power. Thus, aforementioned increase in fuel was not caused by any
loss in thermal efficiency but rather by reduced heating value of oil.
An experimental study of mahua oil methyl ester blends shows that BFSC was found to
increase with increasing portion of biodiesel in the fuel blends with diesel, whereas it
decreases sharply with increase in load for all fuels. The main reason for this could be that
percent increase in fuel required to operate the engine is less than the percent increase in
brake power due to relatively less portion of heat losses at higher losses at higher loads.
For preheated neat Karanja oil fuel, brake specific fuel consumption has high value at low
speed but decreases as the speed increases, and then it reaches the value to that of a diesel
fuel operation as shown in fig.4.
For all fuel inlet temperatures, the specific fuel consumption varies with increasing speed.
The brake specific fuel consumption becomes closer at the maximum speed for both neat
karanja oil fuel and diesel fuel within the speed range 1500 to 4000rpm.
11. 11
3.3 Brake Power and Torque
As experimental study on preheating raw rapeseed oil shows that the torque was almost
not affected with preheating. As expected there was there is a slight in torque with the
increase in temperature. The average torque differences with preheating were 1.2%, 0.8%
and 0.14% for DF, O20 and O50 blends. Study on with and without preheating of cotton
seed oil methyl ester (COME), shows that the maximum brake power values were obtained
in the case of diesel fuel operation. The minimum and maximum power obtained with
COME90 and COME120 was on averages of 1.92% and 7.59% lower than that with diesel
fuel. A moderate change in the brake power is observed for the cases from COME30 to
COME90 due to heating.
3.4 Exhaust Gas Temperature
Experimental study of preheating jatropha oil shows the variation of exhaust gas
temperature for diesel and jatropha oil (unheated and preheated). Results shows that the
exhaust gas temperature increases with increase in brake power for each fuel. Highest value
of exhaust gas temperature of 389°C was observed with the PJO100 and lowest was
achieved with JO(Jatropha oil) of about 345°C whereas the corresponding value with diesel
was found to be 359°C.
Figure 5 shows the effect of engine speed on EGT. The exhaust gas temperature for O50
showed a fairly higher trend when compared with O20 and DF, as RRO contains constituents
of poor volatility, which burn only during the late combustion phase. It is mainly due to
delayed combustion.
An experiment study on mahua oil methyl ester proved that the EGT increased with the
increase in engine loading for all the fuel tested. The mean temperature increased linearly
from 180°C at no load to 425°C at full load condition with an increase of 15% with every 25%
increase in load. The mean EGT of B20, B40, B60 and B100 were 7%, 9%, 10% and 12%
respectively, higher than the mean EGT of diesel. Study on MOEE shows that the exhaust
gas temperature increased with BMEP for both diesel and MOEE. The highest value of
exhaust gas temperature may be because of better combustion of PMOEE.
13. 13
4. Emission Characteristics
Due to agricultural origin, vegetable oils are able to reduce net CO2 emissions. It is proved
that blend of Karanja oil up to 20% gives lower CO emissions than diesel. Blends higher than
20% show higher CO emissions compared to mineral diesel at high engine load. Due to the
high viscosity, the air fuel mixing process is affected by the difficulty in atomization and
vaporization of karanja oil and blends. The resulting locally rich mixtures cause more
incomplete combustion products such as CO, HC and PM because of lack of oxygen. Higher
the engine load, richer air-fuel mixture is burned, and thus more CO is produced.
A. Un-burnt hydrocarbon (HC) emission
For pre-heated jatropha oil HC emissions are low at partial load, but tend to increase at
higher loads for all fuels. This is due to lack of oxygen resulting from engine operation at
higher equivalence ratio. Pre-heated jatropha oil produced lower HC emissions
compared to Jatropha oil but higher than diesel fuel.
An experimental study on mahua oil methyl ester shows decrease in the HC emission
level with blends with methyl ester of mahua oil as compared to pure diesel operation
as shown in figure. There is a reduction from 74ppm to 50ppm at the maximum power
output of 96kW. These reductions indicate that more complete combustion of the fuel
takes place and thus, HC level decreases significantly.
An experimental study on various CR and IT for biodiesel (linseed oil) blended diesel
shows that increased CR reduced the HC emissions by 4.39% and reduced CR increased
them by 35.50% for B20 when compared with ORG CR. The increased IT reduced the HC
emissions by 13.54% and the decreased IT raised it by 1.21% compared to results of ORG
IT for B5.
B. Nitrogen Oxides (Nox) emission
An experimental study on preheating raw rapeseed oil shows that the NOx emission
increases with the increase in the fuel inlet temperature shown in fig 6. The average NOx
emission was increased by 19%, 18% and 15% using DF, O20 and O50, respectively. The
increase in NOx with preheating may be attributed to the increase in the combustion gas
temperature with an increase in fuel inlet temperature [5]. The increase in NOx
emissions with preheated COME may due to various reasons, such as improved fuel
spray characteristics, better combustion of biodiesel due to its high oxygen content and
higher temperatures in the cylinder as a result of preheating. The NOx emission for
COME increases approximately 11.21-39.1% as compared to diesel fuel. The maximum
increase in NOx emissions were obtained in the case of COME 90.
Experimental work on preheated neat karanja oil revealed that the NOx emission
increases with the increase in engine speed and reaches its maximum value at a speed
of 3500 rpm and further goes on decreasing and there is no significant change with
increased fuel inlet temperature. To reduce NOx emission, the temperature in the
cylinder should be reduced.
14. 14
C. Carbon Monoxide (CO) and CO2 Emissions
Preheating of raw rapeseed oil shows the effect on CO emission. CO emission of RRO
blends was not sufficiently lower than those of DF. The high viscosity of the RRO causes
poor spray characteristics, forming locally rich air-fuel mixtures during the combustion
process thus leading to CO formation. CO emission was decreased for all test fuels with
preheating due to the improvement in spray characteristics and better air-fuel mixing.
When preheated, CO emissions were decreased by 20.59%, 16.67% and 25.86% for DF,
O20 and O50, respectively [5]. Preheated Jatropha oil shows marginal increase in CO2
emission compared to diesel fuel. Unheated fuel operation gives higher CO2 emissions
compared to preheated fuels. At lower loads, CO emissions were nearly similar but at
higher loads, CO emissions were higher for Jatropha oil compared to that of diesel. This
is possibly a result of poor spray atomization and non-uniform mixture formation with
Jatropha oil. For preheated jatropha oil blends CO2 emissions for lower blend
concentrations were close to diesel.
D. Smoke Emission
Smoke emission using Jatropha oil was greater than that of diesel. Heating the Jatropha
oil result in lower smoke emission compared to unheated oil but it is still higher than
diesel.
15. 15
For preheated RRO blends the smoke emissions decrease with the preheating. The most
sufficient decreases were observed for rapeseed oil blends. The lowest smoke densities
were obtained with preheated O50 and O20. The average smoke densities were
decreased by 9.4%, 20.1% and 26.3% for DF, O20 andO50, respectively. This may be due
to the reduction in viscosity and subsequent improvement in spray.
16. 16
5. Conclusion
Based on this paper, it is concluded that the preheated vegetable oil represents a good
alternative fuel for diesel and therefore must be taken into consideration in the future for
transport purpose. Thus a number of conclusions are drawn from the studies of various
experimental results. Thermal efficiency, and exhaust temperature increases while other
performance parameter like BSFC is decreased for preheated vegetable oil fuelled engine
compared to unheated vegetable oil. Except NOx the other emission characteristics such as
HC, CO and CO2 are decreased due to preheating of the fuel. Preheating by exhaust gases
could be one feasible solution to overcome the problem of high viscosity which is being the
major cause of many problems identified by several researchers. Straight vegetable oils
have the potential to reduce NOx emissions which is one of the major concerns of the world
today. Thus straight vegetables and their blends fuelled engines have a great capability to
be comparable to that of diesel fuel. To reach the optimum performance further research
can be carried out in this field.
17. 17
References
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performance and emissions of Karanja oil and its blends in a single cylinder diesel engine‖.
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18. 18
[11] Experimental Investigations on the Use of Preheated Neat Karanja Oil as Fuel in a
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