sistem pengangkutan dalam bangunan

2. Four types of installation can be used in buildings. Lifts,
escalators, paternosters and travelators.
 Lifts are widely employed to make vertical circulation quicker and
easier and they make possible buildings rising above the four or five
floors which would be a maximum for reasonable access on foot.
 Escalators occupy considerable floor space and being inclined, they
raise people through a limited height, but they will deal with large
numbers (a 900mm wide escalator is capable of handling 6000 people
per hour).

3.  Paternoster are rare in this country but they are widely
used in Europe. They are particularly appropriate where
internal circulation is the critical feature rather than
inward or outward flow.
 Travelators assist in the movement of large number of
people horizontally or up very limited inclines.

4. Impact of transportation for building:
 Space
- To house the system/ affect the floor size
 Structure
- Strong enough to support the system
 Design
- Building may be large and tall
 Economic
- Extra cost needed for the installation and
maintenance
- It enhance the selling cost and rental cost

5. Lift Car
Bubble Lift
Passenger Lift

6.  Has an important significant impact on the
functioning of the building
 Makes vertical movement, quicker and easier
compare to paternoster
 Makes possible for building to be build height
(more than 5 storeys)

7.  The number and size of the lifts installation must be
related to:
1. the population of the building;
2. types of building occupancy;
3. the starting finishing times of the population,
whether staggered or unified;
4. number of floors and heights;
5. position of building in relation to public transport
services in which a building near a traffic terminal
generally has high passenger peaks during arrival
hours.

8. Classification Traveling time
excellent < 45 s
good 45 s - > 55 s
fair 55 s - > 65 s
satisfactory > 65 s

10.  An escalator is a conveyor transport device for
transporting people, consisting of a staircase
whose steps move up or down on tracks that keep
the surfaces of the individual steps horizontal

12. Floor Plate
Emergency Stop
Handrail
Steps (grooved)

13. 1. Handrail Inlet
Stops the escalator when an object becomes wedged
between the handrail and the handrail inlet
2. Skirt Guard
Stops the escalator when an object becomes wedged
between a step and the skirt guard panel
3. Step Travel
Stops the escalator when a step is displaced by an up
thrust

14. 4. Emergency Stop
Stops the escalator when pressed
5. Drive Chain
Stops the escalator when the chain becomes
stretched excessively
6. Step Chain
Stops the escalator when the chain becomes
stretched excessively or breaks

15. 7. Overload
Stops the escalator
when a current larger
than the rated value
follows through the
motor
8. Governor
Stops the escalator
when the escalator
speed becomes higher
or lower than the rated
speed

17.  Can carry travel up to 300m
 Speed range between 0.6 of up to 1.3m/s.
 If combined with walking, the overall pace could
be about 2.5m/s.
 7200 passengers per hour can be carried
 Very much similar to escalator in its component
parts

18. 1 Demarcation Line
2 Inside Deck Cover
3 Pallet Tread
4 Panel
5 Handrail
6 Handrail Frame
7 Skirt Guard
8 Outside Deck Cover
9 Comb
10 Comb Plate
11 Landing Plate

19.  Also known earlier as the
continuously moving lift.
 Moves people vertically
 Consists of open fronted cars
as in lifts but much smaller in
size
 It does not stop for the
passenger to enter or alight

22.  It could handle twice as many 'up' passengers as
the most advanced high-speed lifts of its time
 Can cater for a comparable volume of traffic at the
same time on the downward phase of the cycle.
 Its continuous motion allows passengers to travel
without loss of waiting of time.
 Its performance over more than six storey is limited
by its low speed, 0.4 m/s.
 Its maximum carrying capacity is 720 passengers
per hour

23. System Capacity
per hour
∠ of incline Type of
purpose
Speed
Elevator/Lift
Depend on:
 size
 speed
 pattern
90o
Pedestrian
Goods
1 – 7 m/s
Escalator 5,000 – 8,000 30o
- 35o
Pedestrian
Goods
0.5 m/s
Travelator 5,000 – 8,000 0o
- 15o
Pedestrian
Goods
0.5 m/s
Paternoster 720 90o
Pedestrian 0.35 m/s

24.  TQ

25.  1. Explain the circumstances in which lifts are
chosen instead of escalator as mechanical
handling system in a building. (Group 1 & 2)
 2. Briefly explain the types of escalator arrangement
commonly used in commercial building.
(Group 3 & 4)
 3. Discuss the appropriate transport system in
hospital. (Group 5 & 6)
 4. State the advantages and disadvantages of
hydraulic lift and electric lift. (Group 7 & 8)