An escalator is a moving staircase that transports people between floors of a building. Escalators are most efficient for moving large numbers of people and are required to provide continuous mass transport. Escalators rise at an angle between 30-35 degrees, with 35 degrees being more economical as it takes up less space. Escalators are arranged within buildings to maximize passenger flow and transportation efficiency or encourage sales in retail stores.
As for high rise buildings, these are generally above six floors or stories in height. Also, most high rise buildings are 100 meters in height. (These should not be confused with “skyscrapers,” which are generally much taller, as little or as much, as 200 meters in height.
A high-rise building is a tall building, as opposed to a low-rise building and is defined differently in terms of height depending on the jurisdiction. It is used as a residential, office building, or other functions including hotel, retail, or with multiple purposes combined.
As for high rise buildings, these are generally above six floors or stories in height. Also, most high rise buildings are 100 meters in height. (These should not be confused with “skyscrapers,” which are generally much taller, as little or as much, as 200 meters in height.
A high-rise building is a tall building, as opposed to a low-rise building and is defined differently in terms of height depending on the jurisdiction. It is used as a residential, office building, or other functions including hotel, retail, or with multiple purposes combined.
High Rise the most common word in Modern Architecture. Here we made a Report on Vertical Circulation and Services of a High rise. Hope this will help you to Design a High rise.
1. Menara MIDF : The Menara MIDF is located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Menara MIDF is a 23-storey building with a 2 storey below ground basement. Located in the middle of the city centre with the increasing density of Kuala Lumpur city centre, without support of mechanical ventilation, the building is exposed to poor indoor air quality. Due to security, privacy and noise level problem, windows and openings are not optimal solutions to ventilating the indoor space of the building. 2. Malaysia International Trade and Exhibition Centre : MITEC is primarily an exhibition center located close to the heart of Kuala Lumpur, in Mont Kiara, hosting multiple large exhibitions and events and has represented the Southeast Asian region for it's scale and ability to host events such as the SEA Games. The height of the building totals to approximately, 63 meters in height, spanning over 3 main superstructure floors, 2 mezzanine levels and 2 basement substructure levels.
A short and elaborate Case Study on High Rise Buildings for the course of Advanced Building Construction from students of 8th Semester Architecture at VNIT, Nagpur (January- April 2017)
Introduction
Types
Building Rules & Regulations
Orientation
External Circulation
External Elements
Grouping
Internal Circulation
Space Analysis
Building Services
high rise building, cases tudy of hign rise building, history of high rise buildings, planning and services of high rise building, definition of high rise building, case studies of high rise building, kanchanjunga apartment, taipei 101.
High Rise the most common word in Modern Architecture. Here we made a Report on Vertical Circulation and Services of a High rise. Hope this will help you to Design a High rise.
1. Menara MIDF : The Menara MIDF is located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Menara MIDF is a 23-storey building with a 2 storey below ground basement. Located in the middle of the city centre with the increasing density of Kuala Lumpur city centre, without support of mechanical ventilation, the building is exposed to poor indoor air quality. Due to security, privacy and noise level problem, windows and openings are not optimal solutions to ventilating the indoor space of the building. 2. Malaysia International Trade and Exhibition Centre : MITEC is primarily an exhibition center located close to the heart of Kuala Lumpur, in Mont Kiara, hosting multiple large exhibitions and events and has represented the Southeast Asian region for it's scale and ability to host events such as the SEA Games. The height of the building totals to approximately, 63 meters in height, spanning over 3 main superstructure floors, 2 mezzanine levels and 2 basement substructure levels.
A short and elaborate Case Study on High Rise Buildings for the course of Advanced Building Construction from students of 8th Semester Architecture at VNIT, Nagpur (January- April 2017)
Introduction
Types
Building Rules & Regulations
Orientation
External Circulation
External Elements
Grouping
Internal Circulation
Space Analysis
Building Services
high rise building, cases tudy of hign rise building, history of high rise buildings, planning and services of high rise building, definition of high rise building, case studies of high rise building, kanchanjunga apartment, taipei 101.
Building services engineering, technical building services, architectural engineering, building engineering, or facilities and services planning engineering refers to the implementation of the engineering for the internal environment and environmental impact of a building.
An ELEVATOR is a type of vertical transportation that moves people or goods between floors of a building
Elevators are powered by electric motors that either drive traction cables or counterweight systems like a hoist or pump hydraulic fluid to raise a cylindrical piston like a jack.
A lift or elevator is an appliance to transport men or material two or more floors in
a vertical direction by means of a guided car or platform. The necessity of lifts in
multi storied buildings has been so well recognized that no multi storied building
is planned without proper provision for lifts.
Office building [Autosaved] [Recovered] one dirve.pptxNashmilYahya
Introduction:
In this extensive PowerPoint presentation, we delve into the intricate world of office design, exploring the guidelines and strategic processes that contribute to the creation of inspiring and functional workspaces. As businesses increasingly recognize the profound impact of the physical work environment on employee well-being, productivity, and organizational culture, this presentation seeks to provide a comprehensive guide for designing offices that align with the unique needs and goals of modern organizations.
Section 1: Understanding Organizational Needs (Slides 2-4)
We initiate our journey by emphasizing the critical importance of aligning office design with the overarching goals and values of the organization. We explore the intricacies of organizational culture, workflows, and employee preferences, highlighting the need for a deep understanding of these factors as a foundation for effective office design.
Section 2: Defining Design Objectives (Slides 5-6)
Building upon the understanding of organizational needs, we move on to the process of defining clear design objectives. Whether the focus is on promoting collaboration, enhancing productivity, fostering flexibility, or prioritizing employee well-being, this section guides the audience through the crucial step of establishing measurable and achievable design goals.
Section 3: Space Planning and Layout (Slides 7-8)
The success of an office design lies in the thoughtful arrangement of spaces. We explore the principles of space planning and layout, addressing the delicate balance between open and private spaces. This section delves into ergonomic considerations, emphasizing the importance of furniture and layout in creating a conducive work environment.
Section 4: Zoning and Functionality (Slides 9-10)
Zoning within the office space is a key concept in our discussion. We explore how different zones cater to specific functions, such as collaboration, focus work, and meetings. Real-world examples showcase successful zoning strategies, providing inspiration for incorporating functionality into the design.
Section 5: Flexibility and Adaptability (Slides 11-12)
A modern office must be adaptable to the ever-evolving needs of a dynamic workforce. This section delves into the necessity of flexibility, discussing the benefits of modular furniture, movable partitions, and versatile workstations. Practical insights are shared to illustrate how adaptability can be seamlessly integrated into the office design.
Section 6: Integrating Technology (Slides 13-14)
Technology plays a pivotal role in shaping the contemporary workplace. We discuss the integration of smart systems, connectivity solutions, and collaborative tools into the office design. This section explores how thoughtful incorporation of technology can enhance efficiency and streamline daily operations.
Section 7: Lighting and Acoustics (Slides 15-16)
Lighting and acoustics contribute significantly to the overall well-being of
Similar to Arrangement of Escalators and Elevators (20)
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
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Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdf
Arrangement of Escalators and Elevators
1. AN INTRODUCTION TO ESCALATORS
An escalator is a moving staircase for transporting people between floors of a building. It is generally agreed that
an escalator is the most efficient means to move large numbers of people between floors.
Escalators are required to provide continuous mass transport of people.
Escalators in department stores rise at an angle of between (30°-35°).
The 35° escalator is more economical, as it takes up less surface area.
ITEM COMPONENTS
• HANDRAIL
• SKIRTING
• STEPS/PALLETS
• DECKING
• BALUSTRADE
• HORIZONTAL STEPS/ PALLETS
• DRIVE STATION
• CONTROLLER
• FRONT PLATE
• HANDRAIL DRIVE
• TRANSITION RADII
• TRUSS
• SIDE CLADDING
• STEP CHAIN
• TRACKS
• RETURN STATION
• ACCESS COVER PLATE
• NEWEL
ARRANGING OUR ESCALATOR IN A BUILDING
Escalators are generally acknowledged as being the most effective method of transporting large
numbers of people between two floor levels, but how your escalators are arranged within the
building has a huge impact on the flow of people.
In infrastructure buildings
■ Escalators are normally positioned on the main routes through the building
■ The over-riding requirement is speed and efficiency of people transportation within a safe
environment
In retail stores
■ Positioning an escalator next to the main entrance is the most effective way to encourage
customers to use a sales area on another floor
■ In a retail environment the goal is not merely to convey passengers to another floor as quickly as
possible. An escalator can lead people through a promotional area or alongside displays of goods.
A single escalator arrangement, free-standing
or against the wall
+ An inexpensive method of transporting passengers between two floor levels
+ Particularly suitable for small retail stores where available floor space is restricted
+ Only one side of decorative truss side cladding is required if against the wall
– Only really suitable for installations where passenger flow is in one direction, although on-demand
starting can be utilized to allow travel in both directions
– An easily accessible staircase is required for passengers to return to the ground floor level
– Restricts traffic flow within the building
+ Cost-effective method for transporting passengers between three floors
+ In retail installations, passengers have to make a short detour to the next escalator; strategically
placed displays alongside the route of this detour can help to increase sales by encouraging impulse
buying
– Only really suitable for installations where passenger flow is in one direction
– Passenger flow through the building is interrupted, so overall traveling time to higher floor levels is
increased
– Readily accessible staircases are required for passengers to return to the ground floor level
Escalators in one travel direction (interrupted traffic flow) Figure 1.
Escalators in parallel arrangement
+ Passenger flow within the building is maximized by moving
the users between the two floors
+ Increased passenger comfort in comparison to single
arrangement
+ Both sides can be used for promotional purposes
+ figure 2.
Escalators in one travel direction
(interrupted traffic flow)
+ Cost-effective method for transporting passengers between three floors
+ In retail installations, passengers have to make a short detour to the next escalator; strategically
placed displays alongside the route of this detour can help to increase sales by encouraging impulse
buying
– Only really suitable for installations where passenger flow is in one direction
– Passenger flow through the building is interrupted, so overall travelling time to higher floor levels
is increased
– Readily accessible staircases are required for passengers to return to the ground floor level
-- Figure 3.
Multi-level scissor arrangement
(continuous traffic flow)
+ Cost-effective and efficient method for transporting passengers between three floor levels
+ Continuous arrangement allows the fastest movement of passengers over two or more
floor levels, so is particularly
suitable for public service buildings, office buildings or large department stores
With a single multi-level scissor escalator arrangement:
– Only really suitable for installations where passenger flow is in one direction
– Readily accessible staircases are required for passengers to return to the ground floor
level. Figure 4.
Multi-level criss-cross arrangement
(continuous traffic flow)
+ Continuous arrangement allows the fastest movement of
passengers over two or more floor levels, so is particularly
suitable for public service buildings, office buildings or large
department stores
+ Reduces congestion at the landing areas by separating
upwards and downwards traveling passengers
+ Frequently used to make an attractive feature of the escalators
in the center of retail stores. Figure 5.
Multi-level parallel arrangement (interrupted traffic)
+ In retail installations, passengers have to make a short detour to the next
escalator; strategically placed displays alongside the route of this detour can help
to increase sales
by encouraging impulse buying
+ The possibility to reverse the direction of travel of both escalators depending on
the usage or traffic flow
– Passenger flow through the building is interrupted, so overall traveling time to
higher floor levels is increased. Figure
STEP WIDTH:
Escalators
Escalators are generally available in three step widths:
24, 32 and 40 in. (600, 800 and 1000 mm). 24 in. (600 mm) step width
■ Allows only one adult passenger to stand on each step
■ Should only be selected where space for an escalator is restricted, as it is
uncomfortable for passengers and presents an old-fashioned appearance
■ As space is very restricted between the balustrades, this width is only suitable for
installations where passengers will not be carrying large shopping bags or luggage
32 in. (800 mm) step width
■ Allows one adult passenger and a small child, or one adult passenger with shopping
bags or luggage (i.e. 1.5 passengers) to stand on each step
■ Suitable for medium- or low-usage installations, such as shops 40 in. (1000 mm) step
width
■ Allows two adult passengers to stand on each step
■ Maximizes transport capacity for high-usage installations such as large department
stores, shopping malls, airports and railway stations. Figure 7.
2. The upward and downward movement of people in newly erected multistory buildings is principally achieved by LIFTS/ ELEVATORS.
AN INTRODUCTION OF ELEVATORS
Location of Lifts
It is recommended that the walking distance between the entrance or office and the lift group should
not be greater than 6Om, preferably this should be kept to 45m maximum.
When lifts are arranged in a group it is recommended that all the lifts in that should serve the same
Floors.
Designing and Planning Considerations:
• In larger, multistory buildings it is usual to locate the lifts at a central pedestrian circulation
point.
• Lobbies in front of lift shaft entrances must be designed and arranged.
• For a lobby in front of a single lift, the available min depth between the wall of the lift shaft
door and the opposite wall, measured in the direction of the lift car must be at least the same
as the depth of the lift car itself.
• The building and its function dictate the basic type of lifts which need to be provided.
• Lifts are mechanical installations which are required to have a long service life.
Arrangement of Lifts:
The lifts should be positioned to:
Minimize the walking distance between cars and hence the time taken to load
passengers which will then improve overall quality of service.
Elevator arrangements for tall buildings
As buildings become taller more focus is put on decreasing the number of
elevators as regular elevator solutions begin losing their effectiveness and
cannot cope with the required service levels. The several solutions
presented are proven solutions for elevator systems developed to allow
good operational performance in a cost effective way, though optimum
solutions vary according to building and owner demands, some solutions
are more appropriate than others according to building height, use and
intended level of service. The following are some of the most commonly
employed elevator arrangement solutions:
Zoning
Sky-lobby
Double Decks
Twin elevator arrangements
Zoning
In low-rise buildings it is possible for all elevators to stop at all floors without
compromising performance, or by keeping performance to acceptable levels.
However, for buildings higher than 15 stories, in order to maintain appropriate
service levels, the number of elevators required would imply a very large core
thus making the building inefficient due to decrease on Net Rentable Area
(NRA). One way that has proven to be very effective in tackling this issue is the
adoption of elevator zones to serve different floors, thus limiting the total
number of stops, therefore the name zoning. Though zoning can be applied in
ways, for example 5 elevators stop only in odd or even numbered floors, the
usual arrangement involves zoning according to height.
Sky Lobby
As buildings get higher, zoning becomes impractical and unfeasible as elevators
start once again to take too much space. Once buildings reach over 80 stories,
sometimes less according to building use and desired service, the sky lobby
becomes a necessity and the elevator problem becomes that of two buildings
stacked one upon the other. Now there is no longer the possibility of accessing
all floors from the main entrance lobby, as some floors are to be only accessible
through the sky lobby, via an express or shuttle elevator, and then on
distribution can once again be made by zoning. Shuttle elevators tend to be fast
and to provide good service though this arrangement implies that passengers
will need to change elevators to get to their destination. The great advantage of
the sky lobby is the core optimization since all elevators do not have to serve the
entry level. Sky lobby arrangements can vary both in terms of elevator type,
single or double deck, but also they can be top-up or top-down, meaning local
elevators can be dispatched up or down, respectively, from the sky lobby.
Double decks
Double deck elevators were referred in the previous elevator
arrangements, they consist of two passenger cars one above the
other connected to the same drive system. The upper and down
decks can serve two adjacent floors simultaneously and permit
doubling an elevators capacity while maintaining the same
footprint. Double decks imply careful planning of the lobby
arrangement as they can bring many advantages but also some
inconveniences as pointed out by Fortune. The effective use of
these elevators implies the use of sophisticated traffic control
systems to better manage elevator travels according to
passenger demand and thus cutting on unnecessary stops,
improving performance and energy consumption.
Twin elevators
Finally one very innovative solution that still has few applications is the TWIN
elevator solution. Currently being developed by one of the major
manufacturer there have already been some successful applications of this
system such as the Main Triangle building in Frankfurt. This system allows for
two elevators to operate independently in the same shaft, this requires a
sophisticated monitoring system and call destination system to work
effectively, but results are satisfying. According to manufacturer projections
the implementation of Twin can help decrease the number of elevator shafts
needed by up to 30%,
This system can prove of extreme utility in case of modernizations in buildings
where current system does not comply with performance standards, as it
allows for gains in service while utilizing the same shaft areas.
TWIN ELEVATORDOUBLE DECK
3. GROUP NO. 8
TOPIC : ARRANGEMENTS OF ESCALATORS AND LIFTS
SUBMITTED TO:
AR. SANTOSH TIWARI
SUBMITTED BY:
ANUSHA KHAN
ROHIT KHURANA
MOHD. DANISH
RISHABH ARYA
B.ARCH 3RD YR 2015-2016
MET FACULTY OF ARCH.