2 maps & plane table surveying. contours
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Contours show lines connecting points of equal elevation on a map, with the lines usually shown at intervals of 5 or 10 meters. They are created by joining points of the same height on a map. Contours allow important information to be gathered like finding level land for construction or agriculture, or designing infrastructure like pipelines that require following the terrain.
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Plane table surveying involves simultaneously conducting fieldwork and plotting details on a drawing board called a plane table. Key accessories include an alidade for sighting, a spirit level and magnetic compass. Common methods are the radiation, intersection and traversing methods which involve measuring distances and angles to map features. Care is needed to accurately orient and center the plane table between stations. While suitable for small-scale mapping, plane table surveying is not intended for highly accurate work.
Sampling & surveying ppt
The document discusses different sampling and surveying techniques for collecting data from populations. It describes random, stratified, and systematic sampling methods. Random sampling involves selecting participants randomly without criteria. Stratified sampling divides the population into subsets based on attributes and samples within those subsets. Systematic sampling involves selecting every nth participant. The document also discusses considerations for survey timing, location, and duration to obtain a representative sample.
Detailed analysis of plane table surveying
This document provides a detailed analysis of plane table surveying. It discusses the history and development of plane tables and alidades over several phases. Plane table surveying involves making simultaneous fieldwork measurements and map plotting. Key aspects covered include the origins of the plane table and alidade, their construction and different types, methods of using them to survey, and the transition to modern surveying techniques.
Lab 9 - What do you Measure in a Topo Field?
1. Students will construct a contour model of an imaginary island by cutting out and pasting together different paper levels to represent 20-foot contour intervals on a topographic map.
2. They will color and cut out the contour levels and paste them in order of increasing elevation on their map. Additional features like streams, swamps, and landmarks will also be added.
3. The completed contour map model will provide an illustration of how topographic maps use contour lines and elevation levels to represent three-dimensional terrain on a two-dimensional surface.
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This document defines leveling and describes different leveling methods. It discusses how to use a level instrument, take level readings, and calculate elevation differences and reduced levels. It also explains how to perform differential leveling by booking readings, calculating heights of instrument and reduced levels using rise-fall and height of instrument methods. Finally, it discusses various uses of leveling including longitudinal sections, cross-sections, contouring, and setting out sight rails.
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3 maps & plane table surveying. plane table surveying
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2 maps & plane table surveying. contours
- 1. Contours Contours show points of the same height. These points are joined up usually in 5m or 10m intervals. This line is made up from joining up all the points of the same height This PowerPoint Presentation is developed and created by :
- 2. Why do you think it is important to have contours on a map? Make a list with a friend of your answers. • ..................................... • .................................................... • .................................................................. • ......................................................................... .. • Here are a couple of examples: ......................................................................... ............ To find level land for construction or agriculture. To design a pipeline
- 3. Activity 2: Contour Exercise Plot this pyramid using contours Chose a suitable scale Level at top=60mAOD Remember that a pyramid has 4x sides and this has a square base Level at base=10mAOD 50m
- 4. Contour Exercise Is this what yours looked like? What is your scale? 1cm to 10m 1:100? 10m 20m 30m 40m 60m 60m 50m
- 5. Drawing Maps Level at top=60m We were able to plot the pyramid as we had the dimensions As we only wanted to plot the pyramid Level at base=10m 50m we did not need to know where it was relative to other areas But how do we plot a map if we do not have the co-ordinates or dimensions? We need to carry out surveying
- 6. Surveying Surveying is the art and science of measuring and mapping land The main job of the surveyor is measuring, mapping, and observing
- 7. Here are some surveying tools: Theodelite Compass Measuring Tape GPS alidade Dumpy Plane Table Leveling Level Staff Tripod Tripod
- 8. Plane Table Survey A Plane Table provides a solid and flat surface to make field drawings, charts and maps A tripod is needed so that an even surface can be achieved on uneven ground Spirit/bubble levels are used to get horizontal surface level.
- 9. Plane Table Survey This is an Alidade which is used to sight objects of interest: Perpendicular straight edge ruler Eye piece Thread to bisect/spilt in half the point of interest
- 10. Plane Table Survey Youtube video Click to watch video
Editor's Notes
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- A 3D model would help students here
- A typical surveyor's instrument reticle has two pairs of stadia marks. One pair are on the horizontal centreline and the other on the vertical. Each functions in the same manner and are placed for measuring on either axis.The stadia marks are set a specific distance apart. The distance is chosen so that there is a fixed, integer ratio between the distance observed between the marks and the distance from the telescope to the measuring device observed. This is known as the stadia constant or stadia interval factor. For example, a typical stadia mark pair are set so that the ratio is 100. If one observes a stadia rod, rule or levelling rod with the telescope and sees that the rod spans 0.5m between the marks (the stadia interval), then the distance from the instrument to the rod is:0.5m x 100 = 50 m. In the image to the right, the upper stadia mark is at 1.5 m and the lower at 1.345 m. The difference is 0.155 m. Thus the distance from the instrument to the levelling rod is:0.155 x 100 = 15.5 m