16. movement of air notes
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Wind is caused by uneven heating of the Earth's surface and atmosphere, creating areas of high and low pressure. Warm air rises and cold air sinks, driving wind from high to low pressure areas. Additional factors like the rotation of the Earth and differences in how land and water absorb and release heat cause global wind patterns like trade winds and jet streams to form and influence weather.
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Movements of air
The document summarizes the key concepts about air movement. It explains that warm air rises and causes surrounding air to move towards the rising warm air, creating wind. It also notes that land heats up and cools down faster than water, leading to different air movement patterns near land versus sea. Additionally, it discusses how air flows from high to low pressure systems due to differences in atmospheric pressure.
Air pressure and weather
Air pressure is a measure of the force of air pressing down on the Earth's surface. It can vary depending on factors like temperature, water vapor content, and elevation. Higher elevations have lower air pressure since the atmosphere exerts less force the further one is from sea level.
Sea breeze and land breeze
The document discusses sea breezes and land breezes. A sea breeze occurs during the day when the land warms up faster than the ocean, causing cool air from the ocean to blow inland. This creates a shallow cold front and cumulus clouds. At night, a land breeze occurs as the land cools off faster than the ocean, causing warmer air from the ocean to blow back over the land. The temperature differences between the land and ocean drive the changes in air pressure that cause these breezes.
atmospheric pressure of class 7
Atmospheric pressure is caused by the weight of the air above pressing down. It is measured in millibars using a barometer. There are mercury and aneroid barometers. Pressure varies due to altitude, temperature, and water vapor content. Higher altitudes, warmer temperatures, and more moisture all result in lower air pressure. The earth's rotation also affects pressure, creating semi-permanent high and low pressure belts globally.
CLIMATOLOGY
This document summarizes key concepts about solar and terrestrial radiation, including:
- Solar radiation is energy from the sun, while terrestrial radiation is energy reflected back from Earth.
- Radiation can be direct, diffuse after scattering, or reflected. Some is absorbed by the atmosphere or Earth's surface.
- The reflectivity of surfaces like snow, sand, forests and grasslands affects how much radiation is reflected.
- Daily temperature cycles are driven by variations in net radiation from changes in solar insolation over 24 hours.
The Earth’s Atmosphere
The document summarizes key aspects of the Earth's atmosphere, including its composition, layers, weather phenomena, and climate. It describes the atmosphere as a mixture of gases, primarily nitrogen and oxygen, that is divided into four layers - the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. Weather is defined as short-term atmospheric conditions involving factors like wind, temperature, precipitation, humidity, clouds, and pressure. Climate is influenced by latitude, altitude, and distance from oceans, and describes weather over long periods.
Condensation ppt
Condensation is the change of water from vapor to liquid. It occurs when water vapor condenses, such as from visible breath on a cold day or morning dews on grass. Condensation can be observed using a condenser, which cools vapors until they condense into liquids. An experiment demonstrates condensation by placing a glass over a tub of boiling water covered with a plastic wrap and ice. Vapors from the tub hit the cold ice and condense into liquid droplets inside the plastic wrap, which collect in the glass to produce purified water. Factors like temperature, humidity, and density affect condensation rates.
Lesson 17: Weather and Climate
TEMPERATURE
COMPOSITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE
Layers of the ATMOSPHERE
WEATHER and CLIMATE
LATITUDINAL ZONES
ELEMENTS & CONTROLS OF WEATHER & CLIMATE
WARM MAJOR CURRENTS OF THE WORLD
Land Breeze & Sea Breeze
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Movements of air
The document summarizes the key concepts about air movement. It explains that warm air rises and causes surrounding air to move towards the rising warm air, creating wind. It also notes that land heats up and cools down faster than water, leading to different air movement patterns near land versus sea. Additionally, it discusses how air flows from high to low pressure systems due to differences in atmospheric pressure.
Air pressure and weather
Air pressure is a measure of the force of air pressing down on the Earth's surface. It can vary depending on factors like temperature, water vapor content, and elevation. Higher elevations have lower air pressure since the atmosphere exerts less force the further one is from sea level.
Sea breeze and land breeze
The document discusses sea breezes and land breezes. A sea breeze occurs during the day when the land warms up faster than the ocean, causing cool air from the ocean to blow inland. This creates a shallow cold front and cumulus clouds. At night, a land breeze occurs as the land cools off faster than the ocean, causing warmer air from the ocean to blow back over the land. The temperature differences between the land and ocean drive the changes in air pressure that cause these breezes.
atmospheric pressure of class 7
Atmospheric pressure is caused by the weight of the air above pressing down. It is measured in millibars using a barometer. There are mercury and aneroid barometers. Pressure varies due to altitude, temperature, and water vapor content. Higher altitudes, warmer temperatures, and more moisture all result in lower air pressure. The earth's rotation also affects pressure, creating semi-permanent high and low pressure belts globally.
CLIMATOLOGY
This document summarizes key concepts about solar and terrestrial radiation, including:
- Solar radiation is energy from the sun, while terrestrial radiation is energy reflected back from Earth.
- Radiation can be direct, diffuse after scattering, or reflected. Some is absorbed by the atmosphere or Earth's surface.
- The reflectivity of surfaces like snow, sand, forests and grasslands affects how much radiation is reflected.
- Daily temperature cycles are driven by variations in net radiation from changes in solar insolation over 24 hours.
The Earth’s Atmosphere
The document summarizes key aspects of the Earth's atmosphere, including its composition, layers, weather phenomena, and climate. It describes the atmosphere as a mixture of gases, primarily nitrogen and oxygen, that is divided into four layers - the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. Weather is defined as short-term atmospheric conditions involving factors like wind, temperature, precipitation, humidity, clouds, and pressure. Climate is influenced by latitude, altitude, and distance from oceans, and describes weather over long periods.
Condensation ppt
Condensation is the change of water from vapor to liquid. It occurs when water vapor condenses, such as from visible breath on a cold day or morning dews on grass. Condensation can be observed using a condenser, which cools vapors until they condense into liquids. An experiment demonstrates condensation by placing a glass over a tub of boiling water covered with a plastic wrap and ice. Vapors from the tub hit the cold ice and condense into liquid droplets inside the plastic wrap, which collect in the glass to produce purified water. Factors like temperature, humidity, and density affect condensation rates.
Lesson 17: Weather and Climate
TEMPERATURE
COMPOSITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE
Layers of the ATMOSPHERE
WEATHER and CLIMATE
LATITUDINAL ZONES
ELEMENTS & CONTROLS OF WEATHER & CLIMATE
WARM MAJOR CURRENTS OF THE WORLD
Land Breeze & Sea Breeze
Air Pressure!
Air pressure refers to the weight of the air pressing down on the Earth's surface, which can be measured using a barometer. Low air pressure typically brings cloudy, stormy weather while high pressure usually results in good weather. Air pressure is equal both inside and outside the body, so we don't feel its effects. Understanding air pressure allows one to predict weather patterns by reading a barometer.
Weather Prediction
Radio waves are emitted from radar and bounce off clouds and objects to be recorded, allowing meteorologists to track wind speeds. Weather satellites record visible light, infrared light, and thermal data to track clouds, fires, pollution, auroras, and more. Surface weather maps depict isobars (lines of equal pressure), pressure fronts, precipitation, and use station models to show cloud cover, wind speed and direction, temperature, dew point, and barometric pressure changes. Computer programs analyze data and create forecast models to predict weather percentages and chances of precipitation for the next few days.
Cloud formation
This document summarizes different types of cloud formation processes and cloud types. It discusses adiabatic temperature changes that cause expansion and cooling, orographic lifting caused by air flowing over elevated terrain, frontal wedging that occurs at storm fronts, and localized convective lifting caused by uneven heating of the surface. It also describes the three main cloud height categories - high, middle, and low clouds - and specific cloud types like cirrus, cumulus, and stratus clouds. Clouds can form through stability or instability in the atmosphere and require water vapor to condense.
Local Wind
The document summarizes the causes and patterns of wind globally and locally. Temperature differences between air masses cause pressure differences as warm air rises and cold air sinks, driving wind flows. On a local scale, this causes sea breezes as land heats up more than water during the day and land breezes as land cools faster at night. It also explains valley and mountain breezes caused by differences in heating and cooling of air in valleys versus mountainsides. Globally, prevailing winds are driven by similar temperature and pressure patterns.
Circulation
The document summarizes global atmospheric circulation patterns. It describes the different scales of wind including macroscale, synoptic, mesoscale, and microscale winds. It discusses land and sea breezes as examples of mesoscale winds. The best simple model of global circulation is a three-celled circulation model in each hemisphere. This model includes the Hadley cell, the Ferrel cell, and the polar cell. The document also describes global pressure patterns and features such as the horse latitudes, trade winds, and doldrums.
Clouds
The document discusses different types of clouds. It describes stratus clouds as gray clouds resembling fog without reaching the ground. Cirrus clouds are thin and wispy, moving from west to east. Cirrostratus clouds are thin and sheet-like, allowing the sun and moon to be seen through them. Cumulus clouds are puffy and cotton-like, sometimes taking shapes.
Atmospheric pressure
This document discusses atmospheric pressure and how it is measured. It defines atmospheric pressure as the force per unit area exerted by the entire air mass above a specified surface. Atmospheric pressure can be measured using a mercury barometer or an aneroid barometer. It describes how pressure decreases with increasing altitude and discusses standard atmospheric pressure units and how pressure varies globally and with weather patterns.
AIR PRESSURE
Air pressure is the force exerted by air molecules pushing down on a surface. It depends on factors like elevation, temperature, and humidity. Air pressure decreases with increasing altitude and temperature, and increasing humidity. It can be measured using a barometer. Changes in air pressure affect the weather, with low pressure typically bringing stormy conditions and high pressure typically resulting in fair skies.
Land and sea breeze
During the day, the sea breeze blows from the sea to land as the air over the land warms up faster than the air over the water. At night, the land breeze blows from land to sea as the land cools down faster than the water due to the water's higher specific heat capacity, causing the air over the water to become warmer and less dense than the air over the land. The document defines and describes the sea breeze and land breeze patterns that occur daily as a result of the differing ways land and water absorb and release heat.
Atmosphere, weather and climate
This document summarizes key concepts about Earth's atmosphere and weather. It describes the four main layers of the atmosphere, how temperature and pressure vary with altitude. It also explains atmospheric phenomena like humidity, dew point, condensation, cloud types, global wind patterns, air masses, fronts, and severe weather events like thunderstorms, tornadoes and hurricanes.
Air Pressure
1. Air pressure is caused by the weight of the atmosphere and is exerted in all directions. It is measured using a barometer.
2. Wind is caused by differences in air pressure and is affected by pressure gradients, the Coriolis effect, and friction. Unequal heating of the Earth's surface creates pressure differences.
3. The atmosphere circulates in cells with air rising at the equator and sinking at the poles, driven by pressure and temperature differences. This circulation creates global wind patterns like the trade winds and westerlies.
Global and local winds
Global winds are caused by differences in air pressure from the uneven heating of the Earth. This uneven heating produces pressure belts that drive the three main types of global winds: polar easterlies, westerlies, and trade winds. Local winds such as sea breezes and land breezes are also caused by temperature differences, with sea breezes blowing from ocean to land during the day when land is warmer, and land breezes blowing from land to ocean at night when the water is warmer.
Weather and climate
Weather refers to atmospheric conditions over a short period of time, while climate describes average weather patterns over many years. In the Philippines, PAG-ASA monitors and forecasts weather by observing elements like temperature, precipitation, winds, and clouds. Latitude, altitude, topography, and proximity to bodies of water all impact climate by influencing how much solar radiation and moisture an area receives. Different wind systems like the trade winds and polar winds also affect Philippine weather and seasonal climate patterns.
Cloud formation - How clouds form and different types of clouds
A PPT over the formation of clouds through evaporation and condenstation along with information in the 3 main types of clouds: High, Middle, Low.
Atmospheric Pressure and Winds
deals with temperature, density, pressure, winds and humidity parameters of the atmosphere; Prssure gradient force, coriolis force, gravity force and friction force and winds and currents, ; pressure lows and highs, atmospheric circulation, winds.
Air experiments
The document summarizes several key properties of air through descriptions of experiments:
1. Air takes up space, as demonstrated by an experiment where a newspaper stayed dry inside an inverted cup submerged in water due to the air filling the space.
2. Air has weight, shown by scales tilting to the side of a balloon that was inflated versus deflated.
3. Air pressure prevents water from flowing freely, such as when an index card is able to stay on top of water in a beaker due to air pressure, or how capping a bottle stops water from flowing out of a hole until the cap is removed.
Weather and climate
Weather refers to atmospheric conditions in a specific time and place, while climate describes typical weather in a region over many years. There are five elements of weather: wind, atmospheric conditions, temperature, precipitation, and humidity. Climate is influenced by climatic factors like latitude, altitude, and distance from bodies of water. There are three main climate zones - polar, tropical, and temperate. Climate change due to global warming is raising Earth's temperatures and causing sea levels to rise through melting ice, with potential consequences like drought and species extinction. Proposed solutions include reducing deforestation, pollution, and energy waste.
Air mass
An air mass is a large body of air with similar temperature and moisture properties that can cover hundreds of thousands of square miles. Air masses originate over land or water source regions and take on the characteristics of the surface below over time. There are four main types of air masses defined by their source region in tropical or polar latitudes and whether that region is over land or water. When polar air meets warmer air over the United States, it causes the formation of the polar jet stream, a narrow belt of strong winds near the top of the troposphere that influences weather patterns and temperatures in the US.
Sea Breeze and Land Breeze, Weather and Climate Unit, Earth Science PowerPoint
Sea Breeze and Land Breeze, Weather and Climate Unit, Earth Science PowerPointwww.sciencepowerpoint.com
This PowerPoint is one small part of the Weather and Climate unit from www.sciencepowerpoint.com. This unit consists of a five part 2500+ slide PowerPoint roadmap, 14 page bundled homework package, modified homework, detailed answer keys, 19 pages of unit notes for students who may require assistance, follow along worksheets, and many review games. The homework and lesson notes chronologically follow the PowerPoint slideshow. The answer keys and unit notes are great for support professionals. The activities and discussion questions in the slideshow are meaningful. The PowerPoint includes built-in instructions, visuals, and review questions. Also included are critical class notes (color coded red), project ideas, video links, and review games. This unit also includes four PowerPoint review games (110+ slides each with Answers), 38+ video links, lab handouts, activity sheets, rubrics, materials list, templates, guides, and much more. Also included is a 190 slide first day of school PowerPoint presentation.
Areas of Focus within The Weather and Climate Unit: -What is weather?, Climate, Importance of the Atmosphere, Components of the Atmosphere, Layers of the Atmosphere, Air Quality and Pollution, Carbon Monoxide, Ozone Layer, Ways to Avoid Skin Cancer, Air Pressure, Barometer, Air Pressure and Wind, Fronts, Wind, Global Wind, Coriolis Force, Jet Stream, Sea Breeze / Land Breeze, Mountain Winds, Mountain Rain Shadow, Wind Chill, Flight, Dangerous Weather Systems, Light, Albedo, Temperature, Thermometers, Seasons, Humidity / Condensation / Evaporation, Dew Points, Clouds, Types of Clouds, Meteorology, Weather Tools, Isotherms, Ocean Currents, Enhanced Global Warming, Greenhouse Effect, The Effects of Global Warming, Biomes, Types of Biomes. Difficulty rating 8/10.
This unit aligns with the Next Generation Science Standards and with Common Core Standards for ELA and Literacy for Science and Technical Subjects. See preview for more information
If you have any questions please feel free to contact me. Thanks again and best wishes. Sincerely, Ryan Murphy M.Ed www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.com
Temperature lapse rates
The environmental lapse rate - temperature drop with altitude - in the troposphere; that is the temperature of the environment at different altitudes.
Air movement 15.3
Wind is caused by differences in air pressure as warmer air rises and cooler air sinks. The Coriolis effect causes winds in the northern hemisphere to turn right and left in the southern hemisphere. There are global wind patterns like the trade winds and westerlies, as well as jet streams that move storms across countries. Local breezes also form daily over land and sea as each area's temperature changes with the sun.
Lecture24
1. The document covers topics related to the ideal gas law and kinetic theory, including the relationship between pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles or molecules.
2. It discusses how temperature relates to molecular speed and kinetic energy, explaining that doubling the temperature quadruples the root-mean-square speed of gas molecules.
3. Sample problems and demonstrations are provided to illustrate gas law concepts like Boyle's law and how heating gas affects pressure, density, and molecular number in a hot air balloon.
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What's hot
Air Pressure!
Air pressure refers to the weight of the air pressing down on the Earth's surface, which can be measured using a barometer. Low air pressure typically brings cloudy, stormy weather while high pressure usually results in good weather. Air pressure is equal both inside and outside the body, so we don't feel its effects. Understanding air pressure allows one to predict weather patterns by reading a barometer.
Weather Prediction
Radio waves are emitted from radar and bounce off clouds and objects to be recorded, allowing meteorologists to track wind speeds. Weather satellites record visible light, infrared light, and thermal data to track clouds, fires, pollution, auroras, and more. Surface weather maps depict isobars (lines of equal pressure), pressure fronts, precipitation, and use station models to show cloud cover, wind speed and direction, temperature, dew point, and barometric pressure changes. Computer programs analyze data and create forecast models to predict weather percentages and chances of precipitation for the next few days.
Cloud formation
This document summarizes different types of cloud formation processes and cloud types. It discusses adiabatic temperature changes that cause expansion and cooling, orographic lifting caused by air flowing over elevated terrain, frontal wedging that occurs at storm fronts, and localized convective lifting caused by uneven heating of the surface. It also describes the three main cloud height categories - high, middle, and low clouds - and specific cloud types like cirrus, cumulus, and stratus clouds. Clouds can form through stability or instability in the atmosphere and require water vapor to condense.
Local Wind
The document summarizes the causes and patterns of wind globally and locally. Temperature differences between air masses cause pressure differences as warm air rises and cold air sinks, driving wind flows. On a local scale, this causes sea breezes as land heats up more than water during the day and land breezes as land cools faster at night. It also explains valley and mountain breezes caused by differences in heating and cooling of air in valleys versus mountainsides. Globally, prevailing winds are driven by similar temperature and pressure patterns.
Circulation
The document summarizes global atmospheric circulation patterns. It describes the different scales of wind including macroscale, synoptic, mesoscale, and microscale winds. It discusses land and sea breezes as examples of mesoscale winds. The best simple model of global circulation is a three-celled circulation model in each hemisphere. This model includes the Hadley cell, the Ferrel cell, and the polar cell. The document also describes global pressure patterns and features such as the horse latitudes, trade winds, and doldrums.
Clouds
The document discusses different types of clouds. It describes stratus clouds as gray clouds resembling fog without reaching the ground. Cirrus clouds are thin and wispy, moving from west to east. Cirrostratus clouds are thin and sheet-like, allowing the sun and moon to be seen through them. Cumulus clouds are puffy and cotton-like, sometimes taking shapes.
Atmospheric pressure
This document discusses atmospheric pressure and how it is measured. It defines atmospheric pressure as the force per unit area exerted by the entire air mass above a specified surface. Atmospheric pressure can be measured using a mercury barometer or an aneroid barometer. It describes how pressure decreases with increasing altitude and discusses standard atmospheric pressure units and how pressure varies globally and with weather patterns.
AIR PRESSURE
Air pressure is the force exerted by air molecules pushing down on a surface. It depends on factors like elevation, temperature, and humidity. Air pressure decreases with increasing altitude and temperature, and increasing humidity. It can be measured using a barometer. Changes in air pressure affect the weather, with low pressure typically bringing stormy conditions and high pressure typically resulting in fair skies.
Land and sea breeze
During the day, the sea breeze blows from the sea to land as the air over the land warms up faster than the air over the water. At night, the land breeze blows from land to sea as the land cools down faster than the water due to the water's higher specific heat capacity, causing the air over the water to become warmer and less dense than the air over the land. The document defines and describes the sea breeze and land breeze patterns that occur daily as a result of the differing ways land and water absorb and release heat.
Atmosphere, weather and climate
This document summarizes key concepts about Earth's atmosphere and weather. It describes the four main layers of the atmosphere, how temperature and pressure vary with altitude. It also explains atmospheric phenomena like humidity, dew point, condensation, cloud types, global wind patterns, air masses, fronts, and severe weather events like thunderstorms, tornadoes and hurricanes.
Air Pressure
1. Air pressure is caused by the weight of the atmosphere and is exerted in all directions. It is measured using a barometer.
2. Wind is caused by differences in air pressure and is affected by pressure gradients, the Coriolis effect, and friction. Unequal heating of the Earth's surface creates pressure differences.
3. The atmosphere circulates in cells with air rising at the equator and sinking at the poles, driven by pressure and temperature differences. This circulation creates global wind patterns like the trade winds and westerlies.
Global and local winds
Global winds are caused by differences in air pressure from the uneven heating of the Earth. This uneven heating produces pressure belts that drive the three main types of global winds: polar easterlies, westerlies, and trade winds. Local winds such as sea breezes and land breezes are also caused by temperature differences, with sea breezes blowing from ocean to land during the day when land is warmer, and land breezes blowing from land to ocean at night when the water is warmer.
Weather and climate
Weather refers to atmospheric conditions over a short period of time, while climate describes average weather patterns over many years. In the Philippines, PAG-ASA monitors and forecasts weather by observing elements like temperature, precipitation, winds, and clouds. Latitude, altitude, topography, and proximity to bodies of water all impact climate by influencing how much solar radiation and moisture an area receives. Different wind systems like the trade winds and polar winds also affect Philippine weather and seasonal climate patterns.
Cloud formation - How clouds form and different types of clouds
A PPT over the formation of clouds through evaporation and condenstation along with information in the 3 main types of clouds: High, Middle, Low.
Atmospheric Pressure and Winds
deals with temperature, density, pressure, winds and humidity parameters of the atmosphere; Prssure gradient force, coriolis force, gravity force and friction force and winds and currents, ; pressure lows and highs, atmospheric circulation, winds.
Air experiments
The document summarizes several key properties of air through descriptions of experiments:
1. Air takes up space, as demonstrated by an experiment where a newspaper stayed dry inside an inverted cup submerged in water due to the air filling the space.
2. Air has weight, shown by scales tilting to the side of a balloon that was inflated versus deflated.
3. Air pressure prevents water from flowing freely, such as when an index card is able to stay on top of water in a beaker due to air pressure, or how capping a bottle stops water from flowing out of a hole until the cap is removed.
Weather and climate
Weather refers to atmospheric conditions in a specific time and place, while climate describes typical weather in a region over many years. There are five elements of weather: wind, atmospheric conditions, temperature, precipitation, and humidity. Climate is influenced by climatic factors like latitude, altitude, and distance from bodies of water. There are three main climate zones - polar, tropical, and temperate. Climate change due to global warming is raising Earth's temperatures and causing sea levels to rise through melting ice, with potential consequences like drought and species extinction. Proposed solutions include reducing deforestation, pollution, and energy waste.
Air mass
An air mass is a large body of air with similar temperature and moisture properties that can cover hundreds of thousands of square miles. Air masses originate over land or water source regions and take on the characteristics of the surface below over time. There are four main types of air masses defined by their source region in tropical or polar latitudes and whether that region is over land or water. When polar air meets warmer air over the United States, it causes the formation of the polar jet stream, a narrow belt of strong winds near the top of the troposphere that influences weather patterns and temperatures in the US.
Sea Breeze and Land Breeze, Weather and Climate Unit, Earth Science PowerPoint
Sea Breeze and Land Breeze, Weather and Climate Unit, Earth Science PowerPointwww.sciencepowerpoint.com
This PowerPoint is one small part of the Weather and Climate unit from www.sciencepowerpoint.com. This unit consists of a five part 2500+ slide PowerPoint roadmap, 14 page bundled homework package, modified homework, detailed answer keys, 19 pages of unit notes for students who may require assistance, follow along worksheets, and many review games. The homework and lesson notes chronologically follow the PowerPoint slideshow. The answer keys and unit notes are great for support professionals. The activities and discussion questions in the slideshow are meaningful. The PowerPoint includes built-in instructions, visuals, and review questions. Also included are critical class notes (color coded red), project ideas, video links, and review games. This unit also includes four PowerPoint review games (110+ slides each with Answers), 38+ video links, lab handouts, activity sheets, rubrics, materials list, templates, guides, and much more. Also included is a 190 slide first day of school PowerPoint presentation.
Areas of Focus within The Weather and Climate Unit: -What is weather?, Climate, Importance of the Atmosphere, Components of the Atmosphere, Layers of the Atmosphere, Air Quality and Pollution, Carbon Monoxide, Ozone Layer, Ways to Avoid Skin Cancer, Air Pressure, Barometer, Air Pressure and Wind, Fronts, Wind, Global Wind, Coriolis Force, Jet Stream, Sea Breeze / Land Breeze, Mountain Winds, Mountain Rain Shadow, Wind Chill, Flight, Dangerous Weather Systems, Light, Albedo, Temperature, Thermometers, Seasons, Humidity / Condensation / Evaporation, Dew Points, Clouds, Types of Clouds, Meteorology, Weather Tools, Isotherms, Ocean Currents, Enhanced Global Warming, Greenhouse Effect, The Effects of Global Warming, Biomes, Types of Biomes. Difficulty rating 8/10.
This unit aligns with the Next Generation Science Standards and with Common Core Standards for ELA and Literacy for Science and Technical Subjects. See preview for more information
If you have any questions please feel free to contact me. Thanks again and best wishes. Sincerely, Ryan Murphy M.Ed www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.com
Temperature lapse rates
The environmental lapse rate - temperature drop with altitude - in the troposphere; that is the temperature of the environment at different altitudes.
What's hot (20)
Cloud formation - How clouds form and different types of clouds
Cloud formation - How clouds form and different types of clouds
Sea Breeze and Land Breeze, Weather and Climate Unit, Earth Science PowerPoint
Sea Breeze and Land Breeze, Weather and Climate Unit, Earth Science PowerPoint
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Air movement 15.3
Wind is caused by differences in air pressure as warmer air rises and cooler air sinks. The Coriolis effect causes winds in the northern hemisphere to turn right and left in the southern hemisphere. There are global wind patterns like the trade winds and westerlies, as well as jet streams that move storms across countries. Local breezes also form daily over land and sea as each area's temperature changes with the sun.
Lecture24
1. The document covers topics related to the ideal gas law and kinetic theory, including the relationship between pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles or molecules.
2. It discusses how temperature relates to molecular speed and kinetic energy, explaining that doubling the temperature quadruples the root-mean-square speed of gas molecules.
3. Sample problems and demonstrations are provided to illustrate gas law concepts like Boyle's law and how heating gas affects pressure, density, and molecular number in a hot air balloon.
How does temperature affect air movement
Warm air rises as it is less dense than cold air, causing air movement. Temperature differences lead to uneven heating of the atmosphere, with warm air less densely packed than cold air. Meteorologists use barometers to measure air pressure and winds, with higher air pressure readings indicating greater pressure.
Air pressure and Wind
Air pressure changes with temperature and elevation. Warmer air is less dense and rises, creating low pressure areas, while cooler air is denser and sinks, creating high pressure areas. Wind is caused by air moving from high to low pressure areas. Air pressure is measured with a barometer, wind direction with a wind vane, and wind speed with an anemometer. For a set of daily wind speed data, the range is the difference between the highest and lowest values, the median is the middle number after sorting, and the mode is the number that occurs most frequently.
The Restless Atmosphere
The document discusses how the atmosphere and winds are created. It explains that the sun unevenly heats the Earth's surface, causing air to rise in some areas and fall in others. This difference in air pressure creates winds that blow from high to low pressure areas. It also describes how latitude affects temperature, with areas near the equator being warmer, and how the Earth's rotation causes air currents to bend into circular storm patterns.
Solar energy, Uneven Heating of Earth, Wind, and Ocean Currents
The document discusses sea breezes and land breezes caused by uneven heating of land and water surfaces. During the day, the land heats up more quickly than the ocean, causing warm air over the land to rise and cooler air over the water to move inland, creating a sea breeze. At night, the pattern reverses as the land cools more quickly, resulting in a land breeze with warm air moving from the ocean to the land. Diagrams show this cycle of convection currents and the directional shift of winds between day and night.
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passive techniques
This document is a dissertation report submitted by Anvita Jain to Ar. Meenakshi Singh and under the guidance of Ar. Purvee Sharma at the School of Architecture, IPS Academy in Indore, India in September 2013-2014. The report discusses the passive cooling techniques used in Mughal architecture in North India. It describes the composite climate of North India and how the Mughals used elements like courtyards, thick walls, domes and vaulted ceilings, shading, evaporative cooling, natural ventilation and vernacular features to moderate the microclimate and passively cool indoor spaces without mechanical devices.
Passive cooling-techniques
Passive cooling techniques utilize natural heat sinks and airflow to cool buildings without mechanical devices. They include natural ventilation using wind and stack effects to circulate air, shading to block solar heat gain, wind towers to induce airflow, courtyards that circulate rising hot air, earth air tunnels that use constant underground temperatures, evaporative cooling through water evaporation, and passive downdraft systems that cool air flowing over water. Properly incorporating passive cooling strategies can significantly reduce cooling loads in buildings and improve occupant comfort.
Paraboloide hiperbólico
Un paraboloide hiperbólico es una superficie generada por el desplazamiento de una recta (generatriz) paralela a un plano director, apoyándose sobre dos rectas (directrices) que se cruzan. Tiene la forma de una silla de montar y su vista en planta es una elipse, mientras que su vista isométrica muestra su forma característica de silla.
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Similar to 16. movement of air notes
9th Grade Chapter 2 Lesson 4
The document discusses global patterns of atmospheric circulation. Uneven heating of the Earth's surface causes convection currents that drive major air movements. Rising warm air creates low pressure systems, while sinking cool air creates high pressure systems. The Coriolis effect causes winds to curve due to the Earth's rotation, creating large wind circulation cells and wind zones like the trade winds and prevailing westerlies in each hemisphere. Local winds like monsoons and sea breezes are also driven by uneven land and sea heating.
Movement of air
The document summarizes wind formation and wind systems. Winds form due to differences in air temperature caused by uneven solar heating between the equator and poles. The Coriolis effect causes winds to deflect to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and left in the Southern Hemisphere. Major wind systems include trade winds near the equator, prevailing westerlies at 30-60 degrees latitude, and polar easterlies near the poles. Jet streams are high-altitude winds that blow west to east and influence air travel. Local winds include sea breezes that blow inland during the day and land breezes that blow seaward at night due to differences in land and ocean temperatures.
Air movement 15.3
Wind is caused by differences in air pressure as air moves from high to low pressure. The Coriolis effect causes winds in the northern hemisphere to turn right and left in the southern hemisphere. There are global wind patterns like the trade winds near the equator and westerlies at higher latitudes that help move weather systems. Jet streams are fast winds near the top of the troposphere that also help transport storms and influence flight. Sea and land breezes occur as air moves between bodies of water and land due to differences in how quickly they heat and cool.
Geography--Atmosphere: Lecture one
- The document discusses factors that influence temperature patterns and atmospheric circulation, including latitude, land/water distribution, altitude, cloudiness, and ocean currents.
- It describes the global circulation pattern of convection in the tropics creating the ITCZ, descent of air at 30° creating subtropical highs, and deflection of winds by the Coriolis effect into the trade winds and westerlies.
- Polar highs also form due to descent, with polar easterlies and frontal zones forming where polar and subtropical air masses meet. Local winds like sea breezes and land breezes also influence temperature patterns.
WIND REPORT.pptx
The document discusses different types of winds and wind systems. It begins by explaining that winds are caused by uneven heating of the Earth's surface and atmosphere by the sun, as well as the Earth's rotation. This causes differences in air pressure. Local winds like sea breezes and land breezes are formed due to differential heating of land and sea areas. Prevailing winds like trade winds and polar winds blow over long distances due to global patterns in air pressure and the Coriolis effect. The document also discusses factors that affect wind strength and direction, including pressure gradients, friction, and the Coriolis effect. It provides examples of local winds in the Philippines and describes the northeast and southwest monsoon seasons.
WIND REPORT.pptx
Wind is the natural movement of air in the Earth's atmosphere. It is caused by the uneven heating of the Earth's surface by the sun, which creates differences in air pressure. As air moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure, it creates what we perceive as wind. Here are some key characteristics and descriptions of wind:
Direction: Wind is described by the direction from which it is blowing. For example, a north wind blows from the north to the south.
Speed: Wind speed is typically measured in units such as meters per second (m/s), kilometers per hour (km/h), or miles per hour (mph). The speed of the wind can vary widely, from calm conditions with barely perceptible breezes to strong gusts during a storm.
Strength: Wind strength is often classified on various scales, such as the Beaufort Scale, which ranges from calm (0) to hurricane force (12). Each level on the scale corresponds to a range of wind speeds and their effects on the environment.
Gusts: Wind gusts are sudden, brief increases in wind speed that can be significantly stronger than the prevailing wind. Gusts are often associated with weather events like thunderstorms or frontal passages.
Effects: Wind can have various effects on the environment, including:
Erosion: Strong winds can erode soil and affect the landscape over time.
Transportation: Wind can impact travel, especially for vehicles like airplanes and sailboats.
Weather: Wind plays a crucial role in weather patterns, helping to distribute heat and moisture around the globe.
Energy: Wind can be harnessed as a renewable energy source through wind turbines to generate electricity.
Local Patterns: Wind patterns can vary greatly depending on geographic location and terrain. For example, coastal areas often experience onshore and offshore winds influenced by the proximity of the ocean, while mountainous regions may have unique wind patterns due to the interaction with the terrain.
Wind Chill: Wind can make the air feel colder than the actual temperature because it enhances heat loss from the body. This effect is known as wind chill, and it's important to consider in cold weather.
Windsocks and Wind Vanes: Wind direction is often indicated using windsocks or wind vanes, which are instruments that show the prevailing wind direction.
Wind in Meteorology: Meteorologists study wind patterns and speeds as a critical part of weather forecasting. Understanding wind helps predict weather changes, storm development, and atmospheric circulation.
In summary, wind is the movement of air caused by differences in air pressure, and it plays a vital role in our daily lives, weather patterns, and various natural processes.
What Makes the Wind Blow
The document discusses what causes wind and differences in air pressure. It explains that wind is caused by differences in air pressure as air moves from high to low pressure areas. Differences in air pressure are created by factors like differential heating from the sun, which causes temperature extremes; precipitation processes that generate low pressure as air rises; convection currents in the atmosphere; and the Coriolis effect from the Earth's rotation. Specific wind patterns like sea breezes, land breezes, monsoons, jet streams, and Chinook winds are also summarized.
Global Winds And Local Winds
The document summarizes concepts related to global wind patterns and atmospheric circulation. It explains that uneven heating at the equator causes warm air to rise and cool air to sink at the poles, creating pressure belts every 30 degrees latitude. Global wind patterns form as air travels in convection cells, curving east in the northern hemisphere and west in the southern hemisphere due to the Coriolis effect. Local winds also form due to differences in how land and water heat and cool throughout the day.
Marine - Energy in the Atmosphere Notes
This document discusses various topics relating to energy in the atmosphere, including:
- Heat energy and how it relates to the movement of atoms
- Different types of radiation that make up the electromagnetic spectrum
- How solar radiation interacts with layers of the atmosphere and is absorbed by certain gases
- Processes like scattering, reflection, and the greenhouse effect that redistribute heat energy
Chapter 2 Weather Su09
This document summarizes information about hurricanes, weather, climate, and atmospheric conditions. It discusses Hurricane Bertha in 1996 that caused damage in the Caribbean and eastern US. It then provides an overview of typical weather phenomena and how extreme events occasionally emerge. It describes how weather is recorded and climate is characterized. It explains that the troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere. It discusses objectives to understand the lower atmosphere and how weather affects climate. It outlines factors that influence air temperature like solar radiation, water vapor, cloud cover, surface type, elevation, and air movement.
Winds Air Masses Fronts
Uneven heating of the atmosphere causes warm air to rise and cool air to sink, generating wind as air moves from high to low pressure areas. The Coriolis effect causes objects in the northern hemisphere to be deflected to the right and objects in the southern hemisphere to be deflected to the left as the Earth rotates. Global wind patterns include trade winds near the equator, prevailing westerlies at mid-latitudes, and polar easterlies near the poles. Jet streams are fast winds in the upper atmosphere that can help or hinder airplane travel. Air masses originate over land or water and bring the characteristic weather of their source region when they move over new areas. Different types of fronts form boundaries between air masses
Movement of the Atmosphere Notes
1. Wind is caused by uneven heating of the Earth's surface, which creates areas of high and low atmospheric pressure.
2. Temperature differences result from factors like the tilt of the Earth's axis and the amount of solar radiation received at the equator versus the poles.
3. Warm air rises because it is less dense than cold air, causing winds to move horizontally from areas of high to low pressure to equalize temperatures.
Atmosphere revision booklet 2014 cg malia
This document defines key terms related to atmospheric processes and the global circulation of the atmosphere. It describes condensation, sublimation, incoming and outgoing solar and terrestrial radiation, reflected solar radiation, latent and sensible heat transfer, relative humidity, and temperature inversions. It then explains the three-cell model of atmospheric circulation - the Hadley cell near the equator, Ferrel cell in the mid-latitudes, and Polar cell near the poles - driven by differential heating between the equator and poles.
Wind, storms & cyclones
Wind is caused by differences in air pressure. Wind speed increases with altitude as there is less friction. Global wind patterns like trade winds and westerlies are caused by uneven heating between the equator and poles and the Earth's rotation. Monsoons are seasonal winds caused by temperature differences. Thunderstorms occur when strong rising air in clouds causes electrical buildup and lightning/thunder. Cyclones form over warm ocean waters and require lifting of warm air, going through formative, mature, and dissipating stages with inward circulating winds. Tornadoes are powerful rotating columns of air that can cause extensive damage.
Notes - Air Masses, Fronts, Global Winds
Meteorology is the study of atmospheric phenomena including weather and climate. Weather refers to current atmospheric conditions while climate describes average conditions over time for a particular region. Air masses form over large areas and take on characteristics of that region, later influencing other areas as the air mass moves horizontally. Global wind patterns called zones transport air masses. Weather systems form as air masses with different properties interact, such as through fronts which occur at boundaries between air masses.
Climatology
This document discusses factors that affect global climate, including solar radiation, the tilt of the Earth's axis, winds, and topography. Solar radiation drives the greenhouse effect and impacts weather patterns. The Earth's tilted axis causes seasons as different hemispheres tilt toward or away from the Sun. Winds are formed by temperature contrasts and deflected by the Coriolis effect, shaping prevailing wind patterns that influence regional climates by transporting moisture. Mountains also impact local climates through their effects on temperature, winds, and rainfall distribution.
Weather and climate.pptx beth2 ginsberg
This document discusses factors that influence weather and climate. It describes key weather factors like temperature, moisture, air pressure, and winds. It also explains weather prediction and different air mass types. The document then defines climate as the average weather conditions over a long period. It discusses several climate factors, including latitude, elevation, surface currents, and mountain effects. Climate zones are also mentioned, including temperate, tropical, and polar zones defined by latitude ranges.
Global and Local Winds
Winds are caused by differences in air pressure due to uneven heating of the atmosphere. Global wind patterns form large convection cells that circulate air from the equator to the poles. Local winds include sea breezes and land breezes, which occur when air over land or water is heated and cooled more quickly than the adjacent surface, causing pressure differences and winds to flow from the cooler to warmer surface during the day and night.
Earth Science ch19 Winds
Winds are caused by differences in air pressure due to uneven heating of the atmosphere. Global wind patterns are driven by convection currents that move warm air from the equator towards the poles and cold, dense air from the poles back towards the equator. This circulation creates global wind systems like the trade winds, westerlies, and polar easterlies that blow in consistent directions. Local winds form over land and water areas due to uneven surface heating and include sea breezes that blow from ocean to land during the day and land breezes that blow from land to ocean at night.
Meteorology -Weather acloutier 2011 power point
The document summarizes key concepts in meteorology, including:
1) Weather is the current state of the atmosphere, while climate is average weather over time. Air mass movement and the Coriolis effect influence wind patterns.
2) Convection currents cause warm air to rise at the equator and cold air to sink at the poles, driving global wind systems like the Hadley cells and jet streams.
3) Fronts occur when differing air masses meet, bringing changes in weather, and are symbolized on maps using lines and shapes indicating the direction of motion. Thunderstorms result from uneven heating of the atmosphere.
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Plate Tectonics Notes
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13. Continental Drift Notes
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9. Earth's Interior Notes
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16. movement of air notes
- 2. 1. Wind is caused by the uneven heating of the Earth and its atmosphere 2. These temperature differences lead to the creation of high pressure and low pressure areas 3. Wind – the movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure Wind Formation:
- 3. 1. Tilt in orbit around the sun 2. Curved surface of the Earth 3. Equator receives the most radiation, poles receive the least Cause ofTemperature Differences:
- 4. 1. Warm air is less dense than cold air so it rises 2. Cold air sinks and moves along the Earth’s surface Density of Air:
- 5. The tendency of a moving object to follow a curved path rather than a straight one due to Earth’s rotation Only perceived, the object/air is moving along a straight line, but the air is moving underneath it Coriolis Effect:
- 7. Windless zone of the equator due to hot air rising straight up Doldrums:
- 8. From the equator to 30 degrees latitude North or South, air descending on the Earth’s surface creates steady winds TradeWinds:
- 9. From 30 degrees to 60 degrees, wind moves from west to east, responsible for movement of weather in the US Westerlies:
- 10. Cold air that blows from the Northeast to Southwest near the poles Easterlies:
- 13. Narrow belt of strong winds near top of troposphere, blow from west to east, average 60-110 miles per hour, position changes daily and seasonally, major effect on weather Jet Stream
- 14. Concept: Land heats up and cools down faster than water LocalWinds:
- 15. Wind blowing from land to sea during the night Caused by: • Water cools off slower so it warms the air above it causing it to rise • Air above land moves in to replace it Land Breeze:
- 16. Wind blowing from sea to land during the day Caused by: • Land warmed faster by the sun • Air warmed above land rises • Air above water moves in to replace it Sea Breeze: