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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moller_M400_Skycar
In April 2009, the National Post characterized the Moller M400 Skycar as a 'failure', and described
the Moller company as "no longer believable enough to gain investors".[7]
On May 18, 2009, Dr.
Moller has filed for personal protection under the Chapter 11 reorganization provisions of the
federal bankruptcy law
SOLO Sky Cars](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/15-skycars-150413151547-conversion-gate01/85/15-sky-cars-34-320.jpg)
Uploaded bySolo Hermelin
15 sky cars
The document is a comprehensive overview of various sky cars and flying vehicles developed over the decades, from the 1940s to recent innovations. It discusses technological advancements, design requirements, and attempts to create flying vehicles that integrate aerodynamics and automotive features for efficient transport. The author expresses optimism about the readiness of technology to produce a viable sky car within a few years, highlighting the historical context of similar ambitious projects.
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15 sky cars
- 1. 1 Sky - Cars SOLOHERMELIN Updated: 27.10.07 12.04.15http://www.solohermelin.com
- 2. 2 Table of Content SkyCarsSOLO Introduction Sky Cars in 1940s Ultralight Helicopters Homebuilt Airplanes Mosquito Light Sport Helicopter Flying Platforms Hiller VZ-1 Gluharev_meg, Lockner-helicovector, Personal Rocket Belt PAM 100B ILV SoloTrek XFV (Exo-skeletal Flying Vehicle( Duo Trek (Millennium Jet( Williams X-Jet Trek Aerospace Dragonfly, Springtail Flying Jeeps Chrysler VZ-6 Curtiss-Wright VZ-7 Piasecki VZ-8P AVRO Canada AVROCAR
- 3. 3 Table of Content(continue – 1( Sky CarsSOLO Tilt Systems (Wings/ Engines( VZ-2 VTOL Aircraft Ryan VZ-3RY Vertiplane Doak VZ-4Ducted Fan Fairchild VZ-5 Fledgling Bell X-22A Nord Aviation N500 Cadet FMX-4 Facetmobile CarterCopter M400 Moller Skycar Metraton LPV by Kulicov Aircraft Co VTOL City Hawk X-Hawk Sikorsky Cypher I and II Kestrel PAV KA007 Kulikov Aircraft Company NASA Gridlock Commuter
- 4. 4 Table of Content(continue – 2( Sky CarsSOLO Skyblazer Terrafugia Terrafugia TF-X™ AeroMobil Flying Car The Honda Fuzo Concept Flying Car Futuristic Personal Aircraft LaBiche FSC-1 Flying Car SkyRider Concept Skywalker VTOL Humming, AeroCopter Inc. Verticopter of Garrow Aircraft Elytron VTOL Flying Car - Pal-V One DARPA's Transformer TX 'flying Humvee' project Lockheed Martin Transformer (TX( K089 Manned Autonomous Air Vehicle (MAAV( K099 single-seat manned autonomous tiltwing (MATW( K0123 convertiplane Samson Switchblade
- 5. 5 Table of Content(continue – 3( Sky CarsSOLO Main Requirements for a door-to-door SkyCar Design Requirements SkyCraft Avionics Summary and Conclusion
- 6. 6 Introduction Sky Cars The Carand the Air Vehicle where developed in parallel, in the same time at the beginning of twenty century. They incorporate now advanced technologies that allows safety autonomous control, although man intervention is mandatory. The technology allows full traffic control on the ground and in the air. During this period much effort was done to unify those technologies in one vehicle, in order to reduce the point-to-point travel time. This increase also the safety problems for the crew and the ground environment, in case of malfunctions or unwise handling of the vehicle controls. Until now those efforts were not completely successful. The requirements for the Sky Car are not universally defined. In my opinion technologically we are ready to design and produce a Sky Car. In this presentation I make a short (not complete( summary of the efforts made to obtain a flying car, and the aerodynamic efforts that can be used also for the Sky Car. In the second part I will state the Main Requirements (my view( for the Sky Car, and derive the Design Requirement that satisfy the Main Requirements. My hope is that this will lead to consolidate many development groups with proper founding. The goal is to compete the design in 2 to 3 years, and start production after 2 more years. We know that the Americans landed on the Moon, fifty years ago, in less than 10 years (on July 20, 1969( from the John Kennedy’s speech (May 25, 1961( that defined this goal. SOLO Return to Table of Content
- 7. 7 Sky Cars In theFebruary 1948 edition of National Geographic magazine F. Barrows Colton captioned this picture with the words: When the ConvAirCar buzzed San Diego for more than an hour during a trial flight in November 1947 hopes rose as high as the hybrid craft itself. Would commuters soon be able to choose between highway and skyway? The 725 pound auto-plane prototype had a detachable fiberglass car body that people could drive like any other car. http://glostransporthistory.visit-gloucestershire.co.uk/C SOLO Return to Table of Content
- 8. 8 SOLO http://www.propcopter.com/ Ultralight Helicopters Sky Cars Returnto Table of Content
- 9.
- 10. 10 Mosquito_1 helicopter http://www.gizmag.com/go/4628/ http://www.aviastar.org/helicopters_eng/mosquito.php http://www.innovator.mosquito.net.nz/mbbs2/index.asp https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0dC5ztahs4#t=49 YouTube: MosquitoLight Sport Helicopter US$23,000 per kit & US$4,000 to assembly US$20,000 per kit & US$4,000 to assembly First Flight September 21, 2005 SOLO Mosquito Light Sport Helicopter Sky Cars Return to Table of Content
- 11. 11 Hiller VZ-1 1953-1955 Hiller VZ-1E SkyCars http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiller_VZ-1_Pawnee https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GgNlumaVPDw YouTube: Hiller VZ-1 SOLO Return to Table of Content
- 12. 12 Gluharev_meg_1 (1957( Gluharev_meg_3 (1958( Lockner-helicovector(1956( Sky Cars http://www.aviastar.org/helicopters_eng/lockner_helicovector.php http://lemur59.ru/node/470 http://www.canosoarus.com/ PERSONAL ROCKET BELT 1995 SOLO Return to Table of Content
- 13. 13 The PAM 100Bhas an empty weight of about 300 kilograms (660 pounds), a maximum payload of about 200 kilograms (440 pounds), top speed of about 100 KPH (60 MPH), and a range of about 40 kilometers (25 miles). The company envisions it as useful for applications such as cattle ranching or low-volume crop spraying. The PAM 100B looks like an interesting amalgam of different early flying platform designs. It is built around a simple tubular frame with skids, about 3 meters (10 feet) across, fitted with twin two-cycle, four-cylinder Hirth F-30 piston engines with 145 kW (195 HP) each, with each driving a 2.8 meter (9 foot 8 inch) rotor, with the twin rotors arranged fore and aft. The platform can in principle be safely landed on a single engine. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAM_100B_Individual_Lifting_Vehicle https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fbqTfUSaFPQ First flight in June 1994 SOLO Sky Cars PAM 100B ILV Return to Table of Content
- 14. 14 Sky Cars Solo TrekXFV 2nd Generation Millennium Jet Sunnyvale, California Uses ordinary gasoline Speed 70 mph Cruise 2 + hours Distance 120 + miles before refueling Includes autoparashuting Gross Weight 800 lbs Fuel Weight 98 lbs Payload (net of fuel) 352 lbs Empty Weight 350 lbs http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SoloTrek_XFV The SoloTrek XFV (Exo-skeletal Flying Vehicle) was a single-person VTOL aircraft. It was first flown in December 2001 by Millennium Jet Inc, a private company run by Michael Moshier SOLO Return to Table of Content
- 15. 15 Sky Cars Duo Trek MillenniumJet Uses ordinary gasoline Speed 60 mph Cruise 3 hours Distance 150 miles before refueling Includes autoparashuting http://www.vectorsite.net/index.html SOLO http://craymond.no-ip.info/awk/avplatfm.html Return to Table of Content
- 16. 16 Trek Aerospace Dragonfly SpringtailOn October20th 2003, Springtail (TM( their fourth generation single person Vertical Takeoff and Landing (VTOL( aircraft, successfully completed its first untethered hover. Springtail is their latest model to fly and is the only version to free hover. During the first half of 2004, the company says it is implementing upgrades and design enhancements on this model. The company has also designed an operable "UMR" (unmanned, manned and/or remote( vehicle known as Dragonfly (TM( UMR-1. They have completed a full size mock-up as part of their pre-flight development. http://www.roadabletimes.com http://www.uberreview.com/2009/05/trek-aerospa SOLO Sky Cars
- 17. 17 Trek Aerospace SOLO SkyCars Return to Table of Content
- 18. 18 http://www.vectorsite.net/index.html There was actuallya jet-powered flying platform. In the mid-1960s, engine manufacturer Williams Research developed a light turbofan engine, the "WR19", with a thrust of 1.91 kN (195 kgp / 430 lbf), which was actually used in a "flying belt" that could be strapped on somebody's back to allow flights of up to 20 minutes. SOLO http://craymond.no-ip.info/awk/avplatfm.html Sky Cars Return to Table of Content
- 19. 19 Chrysler VZ-6 FlyingJeep Length 6.55 m Propeller Diameter 2.59 m Height 1.57 m Engine Lycoming piston engine (500 skp) All-up Weight 1088 kg Crew 1 Sky Cars The Chrysler VZ-6 was an American VTOL ducted-fan test vehicle designed and built by Chrysler for the United States Army Flying Jeep competition First flight 1959 Number built 2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysler_VZ-6 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SYnU68U1jz4 YouTube: Sky Jeeps: Doak VZ-4, Chrysler VZ-6, & Short SC-1 VTOL Tethered Hovering Tests 1960 NASA Langley SOLO
- 20. 20 Sky Cars Chrysler VZ-6Flying Jeep In 1957 the U.S. Army Transportation Research Command called for tenders from U.S. industrial companies to provide utility vehicles capable of vertical take-off and landing for use in observation, liason and combat duties. They were to be operated at very low altitudes of 5 to 12 feet, and were intended to be used over terrain such as swamps, lakes and rivers that would be inaccessible to regular land vehicles. Operating speeds of approximately 70 mph were envisioned, desired payload was 1000 pounds, and flight endurance was to be several hours. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysler_VZ-6 Chrysler VZ-6 Flying Jeep SOLO Return to Table of Content
- 21. 21 Curtiss-Wright VZ-7 (1958(or “Flying Truck” had 4 propellers driven by a single 317 kWatt turboshaft engine mounted underneath the central beam. The props were originally ducted but the ducts were removed after first tests. The aircraft was guided by differential pitch between the propellers, and a rudder in the turbine shaft. VZ-7 handled well and was easy to fly, but it did not meet either altitude or speed requirement, and was abandoned in 1960. Gross Weight 770 kg Payload 250 kg 5.2m long 4.9m wide Sky Cars http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtiss-Wright_VZ-7 SOLO http://craymond.no-ip.info/awk/avplatfm.htmlReturn to Table of Content
- 22. 22 Gross Weight 1100kg Payload 550 kg Length 7.9 m Wide 2.7 m Piasecki VZ-8P (1958( had two ducted 2.4 propellers each with its own engine (three engine improvements( with a linkage designed such that if one engine failed the other can drive. Piasecki VZ-8P (B( Sky Cars http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piasecki_VZ-8_Airgeep https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4SERvwWALOM YouTube: Piasecki VZ-8 Airgeep SOLO http://craymond.no-ip.info/awk/avplatfm.html Return to Table of Content
- 23. 23 AVRO Canada AVROCAR Diameter5.48 m Rotor Diameter 1.52 m Height 1.77 m Engine Continental J69-T-9 Turbojet x3 Max Speed 480 km/h Range 1,600 km Crew 2 Sky Cars http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avro_Canada_VZ-9_Avrocar https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2nDCBB95tUI YouTube: The Avrocar (Canada/USA, 1952-1961) SOLO http://craymond.no-ip.info/awk/avplatfm.html Return to Table of Content
- 24. 24 Tilt Wing VZ-2(1957 – 1960) Length 8.05 m Rotor Diameter 2.90 m Width 7.60 m Height 3.25 m Engine Lycoming 700 hp Crew 1 Sky Cars http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertol_VZ-2 YouTube: VZ-2 VTOL Aircraft: "Flight Tests of US Army VZ-2" 1960 NASA Langley Research Centerhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xluZ74K5818 General characteristics •Crew: one pilot •Capacity: 1 passenger/observer •Length: 26 ft 5 in (8.05 m) •Wingspan: 24 ft 11 in (7.59 m) •Diameter: 9 ft 6 in (2.90 m) •Height: 15 ft 0 in (4.57 m) •Empty weight: 3,700 lb (1,678 kg) •Powerplant: 1 × Avco Lycoming YT53-L-1 turboshaft, 700 hp (522 kW) Performance •Maximum speed: 210 mph (340 km/h) •Range: 130 miles (210 km) •Service ceiling: 13,800 ft (4,200 m) SOLO Return to Table of Content
- 25. 25 Ryan VZ-3RY Vertiplane(1958) Length 8.43 m Wing Span 7.14 m Height 3.25 m All-up Weight 1800 kg Engine Abco-Lycoming T53-L-I Crew 1 Sky Cars http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_VZ-3_Vertiplane General characteristics •Crew: One •Length: 27 ft 8 in (8.43 m) •Wingspan: 23 ft 5 in (7.14 m) •Height: 10 ft 8 in (3.25 m) •Gross weight: 2,600 lb (1,179 kg) •Powerplant: 1 × Avco Lycoming T53-L- 1 turboshaft, 1,000 shp (750 kW) SOLO Return to Table of Content
- 26. 26 Doak VZ-4Ducted Fan Length9.75 m Width 7.77 m Height 3.05 m Engine Lycoming YT543 (840 skp) X1 Max Speed 370 km/h Service Ceiling 1830m Range 370 km Crew 2 Sky Cars The Doak VZ-4 (or Doak Model 16) was an American prototype Vertical Takeoff and Landing (VTOL) aircraft built in the 1950s for service in the United States Army. Only a single prototype was built, and the U.S. Army withdrew it from active trials in 1963. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doak_VZ-4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6vbVN1JQGY8 YouTube: Doak VZ-4 VTOL Aircraft "Army R and D Progress Report 1" 1960 US Army SOLO Return to Table of Content
- 27. 27 Fairchild VZ-5 Fledgling Length10.26 m Height 5.13 m Engine YT58-GE-2 Turboshaft (1024 skp) X1 Max Speed 297 km/h All-up Weight 1803 kg Crew 2 Sky Cars http://www.vstol.org/VSTOLWheel/Fairchild224VZ-5Fledgling.htm The Fairchild M-224-1 Fledgling was powered by a 1,024 shp General Electric YT58-GE-2 turboshaft engine turning four three-bladed Harzell metal propellers. The open cockpit had room for the pilot as well as a jump seat. The aircraft could either sit on its forward tricycle landing gear or rest on its two main wheels and a tail skid, providing the Fledgling with 30° of inherent rotation to enhance the "bucket's" effectiveness. Small rotors at the top of the T-tail controlled pitch during hover. Tethered tests were made in late 1959, but it never flew. SOLO Return to Table of Content
- 28. 28 Bell X-22A Year1966 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XP9pyixoSAQ YouTube: X-22A in FS2004 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_X-22 General characteristics •Crew: two + six passengers •Length: 39 ft 7 in (12.07 m) •Wingspan: 39 ft 3 in (11.96 m) •Wingspan (front wing): 22.916 ft (6.98 m) •Height: 20 ft 8 in (6.31 m) •Empty weight: 10,478 lb (4,753 kg) •Max takeoff weight: 17,644 lb (8,003 kg) •Powerplant: 4 × General Electric-YT58-GE-8D turboshaft engines, 1,267 hp (945 kW) each •Propellers: three-bladed propellers mounted in wingtip swivelling ducts, 7 ft 0 in (2.13 m) diameter Performance •Maximum speed: 221 kn (254 mph; 409 km/h) •Service ceiling: 27,800 ft (8,500 m) •Hover ceiling in ground effect : 12,000 ft (3,658 m) •Hover ceiling out of ground effect : 6,000 ft (1,829 m) SOLO Sky Cars Return to Table of Content
- 29. 29 Nord Aviation N500Cadet http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord_Aviation_N_500_Cadet First flight 1967 General characteristics •Crew: 1 •Length: 6.58 m (21 ft 7 in) •Wingspan: 6.14 m (20 ft 2 in) •Max takeoff weight: 1,250 kg (2,756 lb) •Powerplant: 1 × Allison T63 turboshaft, 236 kW (316 hp) Performance •Maximum speed: 350 km/h (217 mph; 189 kn) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pghVJ2WkBBM Nord 500 Cadet ducted fan VTOL concept July 23, 1968 SOLO Sky Cars Return to Table of Content
- 30. 30 Sky Cars Barnaby Wainfan’sfull-size Facetmobile sits in pieces behind him. This radio-controlled version of the two-seat Facetmobile, the FMX-5. The Wainfan FMX-4 Facetmobile is an American homebuilt aircraft designed by Barnaby Wainfan, a Northrop Grumman aerodynamicist and homebuilt aircraft engineer. While only one Facetmobile prototype was produced, it has become well known due to its unique nature. The aircraft is unusual in that it is a lifting body - the whole aircraft acts as a low aspect ratio wing: a flat, angular lifting shape, while lacking actual wings http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wainfan_Facetmobile General characteristics •Crew: 1 •Length: 19 ft 6 in (5.94 m) •Wingspan: 15 ft (4.6 m) •Wing area: 214 sq ft (19.9 m2 ) •Empty weight: 370 lb (168 kg) •Gross weight: 740 lb (336 kg) •Fuel capacity: 10-13 gallons •Powerplant: 1 × Rotax 503 DC , 50 hp (37 kW) •Propellers: 3-bladed GSC Performance •Maximum speed: 96 kn (110 mph; 178 km/h) •Cruise speed: 80 kn (92 mph; 148 km/h) •Stall speed: 29 kn; 53 km/h (33 mph) •Rate of climb: 750 ft/min (3.8 m/s) •Wing loading: 3.45 lb/sq ft (16.8 kg/m2 ) First flight 22 April 1993 Number built 1 FMX-4 Facetmobile SOLO Return to Table of Content
- 31. 31 Sky Cars CarterCopter Carter AviationTechnologies VTOL Skycraft 2009 Cruise at 400 mph at 50 kft 230 mph at sea level Uses a rotor for take off and landing ,a small wing and a pusher propeller for high speed cruise. The rotor is powered only prior to take off and is in autorotation during flight. In high speed the rotor is basically unloaded so is no retreating blade stall and the rotor RPM is low to reduce drag. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CarterCopter https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qh6ZCXBiRSQ YouTube: CarterCopter Recap and Future Capabilities - Changing the Way we Fly http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carter_PAV SOLO
- 32. 32 http://nextbigfuture.com/2012/03/darpa-flying-hummer-should-have- Using Cartercopter's slowedrotor/compound technology, AAI's TX is essentially an autogyro with wings. In forward flight, lift transfers to the wing and the 50ft-diameter rotor slows until it is rotating solely to provide stability. Compared with a conventional helicopter, this reduces rotor drag. Retractable suspension pulls the wheels up into their wells to further reduce drag in flight. To land, the vehicle autorotates, the high- inertia, tip-weighed blades storing enough energy to enable a "zero-roll" touchdown. SOLO Return to Table of Content
- 33. 33 Sky Cars M400 MollerSkycar http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moller_M400_Skycar SOLO
- 34. 34 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moller_M400_Skycar In April 2009,the National Post characterized the Moller M400 Skycar as a 'failure', and described the Moller company as "no longer believable enough to gain investors".[7] On May 18, 2009, Dr. Moller has filed for personal protection under the Chapter 11 reorganization provisions of the federal bankruptcy law SOLO Sky Cars
- 35. 35 M400 Moller Skycar http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moller_M400_Skycar SOLOSky Cars Return to Table of Content
- 36. 36 Sky Cars Metraton LPVby Kulicov Aircraft Co. of Chicago is a Martin Lawrence design. It is a four-poster (quad) using seven-foot diameter ducted fans. LPV requires 10,000 horsepower to carry a payload of 800 pounds plus fuel. This lightweight VTOL was designed for rise high building fire emergency rescue operations, disaster relief and emergency bridge and tower repair. The twin Allison/RollsRoyce C250-class powerplant installation is considered for production models. SOLO Return to Table of Content
- 37. 37 Sky Cars 2Set VTOLCity Hawk Dr Rafi Yoely AD&D Takes off and lands vertically Powered by 2 enclosed fans, Each driven by four 37-horse power engines. Arrange one in front and one behind the pilot, each fan is equipped wits vans to direct thrust and keep the aircraft stable. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_Aeronautics_X-Hawk Specifications •Max speed: 155 mph (249 km/h) •Max altitude: 12,000 ft (3,700 m) •Endurance: 2 hrs of flight time SOLO Return to Table of Content
- 38. 38 Sky Cars X-Hawk Urban AeronauticsLtd. Dr Rafi Yoeli https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_IB3PmlVaI Israel Flying Car video SOLO Return to Table of Content
- 39. 39 Sikorsky Cypher I The firstproof-of-concept Cypher was 1.75 meters (5.75 feet) in diameter and 55 centimeters (1.8 feet) tall, weighed 20 kilograms (43 pounds), and was first flown in the summer of 1988. This design was powered by a four-stroke 2.83 kW (3.8 HP) engine, and was so underpowered that it had to be mounted on a truck for forward-flight tests. These tests led to a true flight prototype Cypher that weighed 110 kilograms (240 pounds), had a diameter of 1.9 meters (6.2 feet) and was powered by a compact, 40 kW (53 HP) Wankel-rotary engine. After an initial free flight in 1993, the Cypher prototype was used in flight tests and demonstrations through most of the 1990s, ultimately leading to an operational design, the "Cypher II". http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikorsky_Cypher SOLO Sky Cars
- 40. 40 Range 185 km(100 nm) Speed 235 kph (125 knots) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikorsky_Cypher SOLO Sky Cars Return to Table of Content
- 41. 41 Sky Cars Kestrel Aerospace KestrelPAV (2005) Length 4.2 m Wing Span 4.4 m Height 1.5 m Weight (empty) 200 kg Payload 95 kg Range 1000 km + Sped 183 mph http://www.roadabletimes.com/roadables-vtol_kestrel.html SOLO Return to Table of Content
- 42. 42 Sky Cars High Speed6 Seat VTOL Tilt-Rotor Kulikov Aircraft Company 6Seats Payload 1220 lbs Fuel 780 lbs Gross Weight 4000 lbs Max Thrust 6000lbs Max Speed 375kns/ 435mph Range/Endurance 4 hours Based on 10 min hover Distance coverage1600 nm SOLO Return to Table of Content
- 43. 43 An artist's interpretationof the Gridlock Commuter, which NASA researchers are studying as a potential personal aircraft of the future. This limited-roadable aircraft is shown with wings folded for storage (left) and deployed. Credit: NASA/LARC. http://www.nbcnews.com/id/5750922/ns/technology_and_science-space/t/nasa-sets-stage-personal-air Smaller airport alternative Another, potentially nearer-term flight alternative is also under study by Langley researchers. Dubbed the Small Aircraft Transportation System program, or SATS, the project is developing some of the basic technologies to make use of the more than 5,000 small airports across as a greater means of point-to-point transport. SOLO Sky Cars
- 44. 44 http://www.nbcnews.com/id/5750922/ns/technology_and_science-space/t/nasa-sets-stage-personal-air The Personal AirVehicle Exploration program at NASA's Langley Research Center in Hampton, Va., for example, is working to develop easy-to-use aircraft that may one day take you from your garage to the airport and on to your destination, saving time — and hopefully, dollars — that would otherwise be spent on a public flight. SOLO Sky Cars Return to Table of Content
- 45. 45 Skyblazer http://www.haynes-aero.com/Netscape/frames.html http://www.haynes-aero.com/ The Skyblazer isexpected to have a top speed of 400 mph, and a range of up to 830 miles. The vehicle uses a single turbofan engine, which would provide thrust for flying, and generate electricity to power an electric motor for driving. SOLO
- 46. 46 Performance Takeoff distance: 1,330ft.. Takeoff distance assisted: 945 ft. Climb rate max: 1250 ft/min Range: 725 nm. Cruise speed: 270 ktas. Max speed: 350 ktas.. Stall speed: 60 ktas. Best L/D: 9:1 at 105ktas SkyblazerGeneral characteristics •Crew: one pilot •Capacity: 3 passengers •Length: 17 ft 9 in (5.41 m) •Wingspan: 28 ft 0 in (8.54 m) •Height: 5 ft 6 in (1.68 m) •Wing area: 144 ft2 (13.4 m2 ) •Empty weight: 2,170 lb (984 kg) •Gross weight: 3,706 lb (1,681 kg) •Powerplant: 1 × Williams FJ44, 1,965 lbf (8.74 kN) Performance •Maximum speed: 404 mph (648 km/h) •Range: 837 miles (1,343 km) •Service ceiling: 29,000 ft (8,839 m) •Rate of climb: 1,250 ft/min (6.4 m/s) http://www.haynes-aero.com/ SOLO Return to Table of Content
- 47. 47 Terrafugia, a start-upcreated by Lemelson-MIT Student Prize winner Carl Dietrich and colleagues at MIT's Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, is aiming to show off what it calls the Transition "personal air vehicle," a vehicle resembling an SUV with retractable wings, to the EAA AirVenture Conference in Oshkosh, Wis., at the end of July. First Flying Cars Are Set To Go On Sale As Early 2015 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HuXbM0kaD7k https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nnF2yua4KIw YouTube: Flying Car - Terrafugia Transition street-legal aircraft TerrafugiaSOLO Sky Cars Return to Table of Content
- 48. 48 Terrafugia TF-X™ http://www.terrafugia.com/tf-x •TF-X™ willcarry four people in car-like comfort. •TF-X™ will have a non-stop flight range of at least 500 miles. •TF-X™ will fit into a standard construction single car garage. •TF-X™ will be able to takeoff vertically from a level clearing of at least 100ft in diameter. •TF-X™ will be able to drive on roads and highways – providing true door-to-door convenience and an automotive level of weather insensitivity. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bp2TWNpTA7s YouTube: Introducing TF-X™: Terrafugia's Vision for the Future of Personal Transportation The Terrafugia TF-X™ is a fixed wing street-legal aircraft with electric ground drive and electric power assist on takeoff and landing; the first flying car. http://www.coroflot.com/vedranmartinek/Terrafugia-TF-X SOLO Sky Cars Return to Table of Content
- 49. 49 AeroMobil Flying Car EngineRotax 912 Wings collapsible Top speed 200 km/h and more (124 mph and more) Min. speed 60 km/h (37 mph) Take-off speed 130 km/h (81 mph) Range 700 km (435 miles) Fuel consumption 15 l/h Construction steel framework and carbon coating Dimensions width: 8320 mm length: 6000 mm Capacity 2 seats Specifications http://www.aeromobil.com/specification YouTube: Flying Car - AeroMobil 3.0 demonstrationhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Yn2uyQJ1jc SOLO Sky Cars Return to Table of Content
- 50. 50 The 2068 Fuzoconcept comes from designer John Mahieddine, and is intended to be a sci-fi VTOL flying car. As it takes to the air, the wheels on the car retract, and the four turbines move into action, allowing it to reach a maximum speed of 400 mph. The three-seat concept is kept lightweight by the use of materials like carbon fiber, Kevlar and carbon nanotubes. http://psipunk.com/category/flying-cars/page/8/ http://www.yankodesign.com/2009/05/11/honda-hovercar/ The Honda Fuzo Concept Flying Car SOLO Sky Cars
- 51. 51 The Honda FuzoConcept Flying Car http://psipunk.com/the-honda-fuzo-concept-flying-car/ http://www.yankodesign.com/2009/05/11/honda-hovercar/ 1. Fly-by-Wire system that relies on GPS to keep cars from hitting one another. 2. Airbags that open inside AND outside of the vehicle to protect the driver, the car, and anyone in the path of the car should it get in an air-collision Read more at http://www.yankodesign.com/2009/05/11/honda- hovercar/#tqk3gjHxSbzLPqpm.99 Yu can drive on the ground with the retractable wheels (the turbines convert into these.) The vehicle is constructed of materials such as carbon fibre, Kevlar, and carbon nano-tubes. The bubble canopy allows for two passengers plus the driver, “in a very hightech comfort.” Designer: John Mahieddine SOLO Sky Cars Return to Table of Content
- 52. 52 http://inhabitat.com/eu-invests-6-2-million-in-research-for-futuristic-personal-aircrafts/ SOLO Sky Cars FuturisticPersonal Aircraft Return to Table of Content
- 53. 53 Labichaerospace GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS Mid-engine, RearWheel Drive, Flying Car Seats: 4 (optional 5th child seat) Controls: .....Car- (Conventional) Steering wheel, Accelerator, and brake .....Aircraft - Side Arm Controls with rudder control pedals and center console mounted throttle Engine: Chevrolet-LS2 C6 Corvette 2005 crate engine, supercharged, all aluminum block 6.0L V8 Horse Power: 450 BHP Empty Weight: 2455 lbs. AIRCRAFT SPECIFICATION Performance Max Speed Vne: 320 mph Top Speed (100%): 275 mph@18,000' Cruise Speed (75%): 250 mph Economy Speed (55%): 230 mph Minimum Rotate Speed: 68 mph Minimum T.O. Distance: With Power Assist 475 ft. Distance to clear 50' Obstacle: 560 ft. Without Power Assist 1400 ft. Minimum flight Speed w/flaps: 70 mph Approach Speed: 80 mph Range (75% - 23 gph): 975 miles - No reserves Range (55% - 17 gph): 1150 miles - No reserves https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RAIVqyj8W-o YouTube: LaBiche FSC-1 Flying Car Landing http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaBiche_FSC-1https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ctlZgQnYwOg YouTube: LaBiche FSC-1 Flying Car 30 second Conversion SOLO Return to Table of Content
- 54. 54 SkyRider Concept http://www.macroindustries.com/website/files/skyr SkyRider Specifications: Length14 ft Width 12 ft Engines 1 @ 700 hp Electric Drive Ducted Fans 4 Person Capacity 2 @ 200 lb Load Capacity 300 lb Fuel Capacity 100 gal Range (50power) 800 nm SkyRider Specifications (continue): Cruise Speed (75 power) 288 mph Maximum Speed 375 mph Conventional Takeoff Roll 500 ft VTOL Takeoff Roll 0 ft Rate of Climb 4000 ft/min Service Ceiling 25000 ft Noise Level 40 dbA @ 100 ft First Flight T.B.D. SOLO Return to Table of Content
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- 56. 56 http://www.skywalkervtol/com The following estimatedspecifications are based on the current design, and subject to change as development parameters evolve. Advances in technology, design, or hardware may require modifying this information Overall Dimensions •Height 6’-7” •Width 20’-8” •Length 19’-4” Cockpit Dimensions •Height 69” •Width 68” •Seat Height 24” •Seat Width 33” Weight •Dry Weight 725 lbs •Gross Weight 1320 lbs Engine •Subaru EJ-25, 4 cylinders, 2.5 water-cooled •400-500 hp (depending configuration) •Burns premium grade pump gasoline •Fuel consumption: 8-9 GPH (estimated) •Oil and Water temperature/pressure sensors Fuel Load •Dual Tank volume – 24 US gallons Drive System •Counter Rotating 2500 rpm •Dual Propellers 3 right hand (top)/ 3 left hand (bottom) •Fixed Pitch •Non-articulating, simple design Control System •Multi-axis Control Yoke interface with computer module •Linear actuators attached to canard and wing control surfaces •Pitch, Roll, and Yaw Coordinates Performance •Speed 138 mph (max) •Range 300 miles •Ceiling Height 11,000 feet AGL Safety •Incorporates a ballistic parachute http://www.skywalkervtol.com/specifications.html Skywalker VTOL 2013 SOLO Return to Table of Content
- 57. 57 A Unique VTOLDesign with Mono-Tilt-Rotor - 2006 Humming AeroCopter Inc The unique feature of this design is the use of the "Mono-Tilt- Rotor" system. It consists of a single disc, blades, and engines, which are horizontally mounted around the body of the aircraft. The spinning rotors provide the lift for vertical take-off. Once aloft, a small engine in the aft of the fuselage provides thrust for forward motion. The ring is then tilted to an upright position and the rotors are feathered to reduce form drag. http://www.roadabletimes.com/roadables-vtol_humming.html SOLO Return to Table of Content
- 58. 58 The Verticopter ofGarrow Aircraft has the characteristics of an airplane and helicopter that it can perform both horizontal as well as vertical take- off and landing. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mJc6TX7Reoo YouTube: Garrow Aircraft's Verticopter VTOL concept http://contest.techbriefs.com/2010/entries/transportation/351-verticopter-new-a-realistic-stovl-aircraft Verticopter of Garrow Aircraft SOLO
- 59. 59 SOLO Return to Tableof Content
- 60. 60 4 Seat 10Seat Performance Max cruise 275 kn 316 mph 360 kn 414 mph Range 888 nm 1,022 mi 1,295 nm 1,490 mi Ceiling 9,144 m 30,000 ft 9,144 m 30,000 ft Stall 55 kn 63 mph 65 kn 75 mph Seating 4 10 + 1 pilot Operating cost per hour $650 $2000 Weights Fuel 510 kg 1,122 lbs (170 gal) 1,500 kg 3,300 lbs (500 gal) Passengers 400 kg 880 lbs 1,100 kg 2,420 lbs Empty 1,100 kg 2,420 lbs 3,400 kg 7,482 lbs MTOW sea level 2,100 kg 4,422 lb 6,000 kg 13,202 lbs Dimensions Wingspan 9.7 m 32 ft 13 m 43 ft Length 8.5 m 28 ft 14.3 m 47 ft Cabin Height 1.52 m 5 ft 1.75 m 5 ft 9 in Width 1.27 m 4 ft 2 in 1.85 m 6 ft 1 in Length 2.44 m 8 ft 4.45 m 14 ft 7 in Engine Single PT6A-140 1,075 SHP Dual 4,000 HP Turboshaft http://elytron.aero/#page-specs Elytron VTOL 2015 SOLO
- 61. 61 Elytron Design Versus helicopter andtilt rotors Disadvantages Advantages Fast Simple Smaller diameter prop rotor •High disk loading so inefficient hover •Lower HOGE than helicopters •Requires heavier, larger engines Greater speed (Fastest tilt rotor 260 versus Elytron 360) More speed allows for greater range Allows for conventional takeoff and landings (CTOL) with 0 degree tilt Far less complex than rotor blade Less vibration than large diameter rotor Central small tilt wing •Additional drag •Prop rotors closer to cabin requiring more insulation from noise and additional weight No retreating blade problem versus rotary wing Shorter rigid wing reduces complexity of cross shafting versus tilt rotors Can act as air brake Eliminates need for flaps No need for run dry gearbox Reduce power to 15% land conventionally Fast conversion from 0 airspeed like Cl- 84 http://elytron.aero/#page-aircraft SOLO
- 62. 62 Elytron Design Versus helicopter andtilt rotors Disadvantages Advantages Fast Sim ple Joined wing •Greater whetted area increases drag and weight so wings need to be thinner Very good L/D allows for glide instead of autorotation Low stall speed in CTOL flight Front wing acts as hydrofoil when ditching Oversize winglets Provide large reduction in wingtip vortices Create larger effective aspect ratio reducing drag Immune to vortex ring state Split louver and NOTAR VTOL control •Less control in pitch versus cyclic requires NOTAR for greater control authority Complex rotor hub with swashplate/cyclic/collective replaced with 6 separate linear actuators that are easy to service increasing safety and reducing maintenance costs Counter rotating prop rotors •Single 90 degree transmission failure could cause snap rolls requiring computer controlled clutch adding weight No anti-torque rotor Can land in complex environments without risk of strike Centrally located engines •Requires 2 90 degree transmissions on center wing •Requires onboard fire suppression •Greater cabin noise •Same number of 90 degree turns as helicopters and XV-15 derived designs Less complex cross shafting Less weight No yaw effect on single engine failure Prop rotor RPM control lift in VTOL •Not as responsive as collective Reduced fuel consumption via optimized blade speed Allows for smaller diameter prop rotors Variable pitch prop rotor •Increased complexity and weight Reduced fuel consumption via constant speed prop rotor 50% carbon composite by weight •Less long term reliability data Lighter than alternatives such as composite over aluminum Lifting Return to Table of Content
- 63. 63 Flying Car -Pal-V One The Pal-V One - a three-wheeled motorcycle that transforms into a gyrocopter at the flick of a switch - is now on sale for $295,000 (£180,000). It takes 10 minutes to switch between modes and can go from 0 to 60 in the air in under 8 seconds. The Pal-V One, needs a 540ft runway in order to take-off. When in flight mode, the vehicle looks like a helicopter, however, it is known as a gyrocopter or auto gyro because the main power comes from the rotors at the rear of the vehicle The gyrocopter, is designed to cruise at low altitudes, below 4,000ft. Although it needs a 540ft runway for take-off, it only needs 100ft to land. The 27-gallon gas tank in the Pal-V One, provides a 220-mile flight range or 750 miles on the road. It is made from carbon fiber, titanium, and aluminum and weighs 1,499lbs. To drive and fly the Pal-V One, owners must have a driving license and a Sports Pilot Certificate. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2518212/Now-YOU-Pal-V-One-flying-car--itll-set-staggerin YouTube: Flying Car - Pal-V One https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CajAq6ndJYE SOLO Return to Table of Content
- 64. 64 Samson Switchblade The Switchbladeis a fully-enclosed trike that takes to the air using a rear-mounted prop and a pair of scissor-action wings that fold out from beneath the vehicle. Will use engines like Suzuki's Hayabusa donk, which generates up to and beyond 180 horsepower. The Switchblade is envisioned as a pretty classy little vehicle in completion - the body shape will be Ferrari-inspired and the switchover from road to flight modes should be fully automatic at the touch of a button. As a prop plane rather than a kit gyroplane, the Switchblade will have a longer range and higher air speed than the Super Sky Cycle, so it's definitely one to keep an eye on. It also looks a heck of a lot like a car, with the rider and passenger sitting side by side in an enclosed cabin. Nice! http://www.gizmag.com/flying-car-moller-terrafugia-paraje June 30, 2010 SOLO Return to Table of Content
- 65. 65 DARPA's Transformer TX'flying Humvee' project http://www.istorya.net/forums/science/390670-flying-cars-3.html Autogyro with wings SOLO Return to Table of Content
- 66. Aviation Week -"Flying Humvees" being designed by AAI and Lockheed Martin have made it through to the second phase of DARPA's Transformer (TX) program - but the sheer scale of the challenges in producing a fly-drive tactical vehicle is becoming clear. Transformer is not simply a roadable aircraft - it is a four-seat vehicle that must be able to drive off-road, survive small-arms fire, and rapidly reconfigure into an aircraft that can take off and land vertically and be flown without pilot training. http://nextbigfuture.com/2012/03/darpa-flying- hummer-should-have-phase-2.html Lockheed Martin Transformer (TX) SOLO
- 67. 67 Lockheed Martin's TXis a 7,000lb vehicle with ducted fans that tilt from horizontal for VTOL and to vertical for forward flight. The 8.5ft outside-diameter fans are attached to a lifting-body center wing section mounted above the vehicle. This houses a pair of turboshaft engines that drive the fans and has a trailing-edge flap to increase lift at low speed. Flight speed is up to 130kt. To convert from fly to drive, the outer panels of the 41.5ft-span wing fold inwards against the ducts and the complete wing/fan assembly rotates to lie along the length of the vehicle. A Pratt & Whitney EnduroCore heavy-fuel dual rotary engine then powers the four electric wheel motors. DARPA is aiming for a range - on the ground or in the air - of 250 miles on a tank of gas. http://nextbigfuture.com/2012/03/darpa-flying- hummer-should-have-phase-2.htmlSOLO Return to Table of Content
- 68. 68http://airdevlab.com/k089.htm K089 Manned AutonomousAir Vehicle (MAAV) 2008 Updated on June 1, 2010 SOLO animation Return to Table of Content
- 69. 69 K099 single-seat mannedautonomous tiltwing (MATW) http://airdevlab.com/00s.htm SOLO animation Return to Table of Content
- 70. 70 K0123 convertiplane, basedon K007, 2001 http://airdevlab.com/00s.htm SOLO animation Return to Table of Content
- 71. 71 SkyCar Main Requirements fora door-to-door SkyCar: 1. Safety of Crew and Ground Environment (Redundant safety systems and landing in any place). Gliding Capability must be considered for safety landing on an provisory runway. Preventing Driving or Flying the SkyCar by an Unauthorized Person. 4. Affordability Price bellow 100 K$ in serial production. Low fuel/range consumption. Low Maintainability (predefined checkups and MTBF of more than 1000 hours) 2. Ground Transport (Car) capability (ground range more than 300 nm without refueling, one car garage parking) 3. Air Transport (Aircraft) capability (range more than 500 nm without refueling, at subsonic velocities, and ceiling above 10,000 ft) 6. Capability of automatic Takeoff, Navigation (using GPS) and Landing. Redundant manual capabilities are required. 5. Main mode: Takeoff and Landing in almost any ground place: Vertical Takeoff and Landing (VTOL). Takeoff and Landing on a Runway may also be required. 7. Communication capability (satisfying Air Transport requirements) SOLO
- 72. 72 Main Requirements (continue): 10.Development of a Collision Prevention System, including Sensors to detect other Flying and Static Obstacles for Collision Prevention. 8. Instrumentation: Digital Multifunction Displays, Analog Sensors for flight displays, and for checking functionality of the system. Black Boxes that record Vehicle data in different modes. 9. Monitoring the functionality and malfunctions of all systems, with a predefined procedure reaction to all events that prevent safety reaching the destination and define the maintenance required after landing. 11. Capability of connecting to a Communication Network to share the Vehicle GPS Position, Course and other Vital Data. This can be used for Flight Monitoring by Ground Control and Collision Prevention. SkyCar SOLO Return to Table of Content
- 73. 73 Design Requirements : 1.In the car configuration the Aerodynamic Surfaces (propellers, wings, deflection surfaces, parachute) must be protected. The steering well and the pedals must be like in a similar car. Including a Ground Collision Avoidance System (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collision_avoidance_system) must be considered. 2. In the VTOL configuration the wings used in level flight don’t have to be deployed. The auto-gyration of VTOL propellers (if exist) must be used for emergency landing. A guidable (automatic, manually) parachute must be included. A runway Takeoff, with Wings deployed may also be required. 3. In Level Flight additional Wings must be deployed to increase Lift/Drag ratio. The Drag must be reduced by folding devices that not contribute to Level Flight if they not reduce the safety (significantly) . 4. The option to land on a runway with Wings deployed (in case of VTOL malfunction) must exist. Also landing on a runway in Gliding Mode, in case of power failure must also exist (this means manually controlling the vehicle during glide landing). SkyCar SOLO
- 74. 74 Design Requirements (continue– 1): 5. Sensors must be added to: •Monitor the structure integrity of the parts defined by a Failure Mode Procedure. •Monitor the functionality and malfunctions of all the vehicle systems (engines, electrical and hydraulic, sensors, actuators, computers, cooling, takeoff, landing, Flying aids, car mode, communication, navigation, fuel, air condition) •Monitor the crew capability to interfere (awakens, sickness, death,…). •To go to predesigned redundant modes in case of failures (defined by the Failure Mode Procedure). By design, no one single Failure Mode will be catastrophic. •Perform Biometric Identification of the Passengers. SkyCar SOLO
- 75. 75 Design Requirements (continue– 2): 6. Computer capability must be redundant • at least three interconnected computers (each with an emergency battery sufficient for the maximum time of flight), each performing a predefined main task and the other computers tasks such that output are compared to the others • If there are discrepancies, they will be recorded , and if the main task result is different of the others his task will be transferred to one other computer (under a predefined procedure). • The Main Computers Tasks are: - Autopilot (Vehicle Control and Stabilization in VTOL, Level Flight, Redundant Emergency Modes) includes Flight Actuators and deployment/folding Actuators. - Engines Control and Fuel Management (Speed, Fuel, Oil) and Monitor (propellers rpm, temperature, Electrical Power Generation, fuel flow control and remaining quantity) - Navigation computes the vehicle position and velocity and commands the Autopilot to performs the Flight Path in Automatic Mode. - House Keeping Management - Communication System - Air Data System - Displays (Two Redundant Multitasking Displays) System SkyCar SOLO
- 76. 76 Design Requirements (continue– 2): 7. Before takeoff the following procedures must be performed: •Biometric Identification of the Crew and their credentials to perform different tasks. Only the people with the right credentials can activate different flight related systems.. •Perform an Automatic and Manual Predefined Build in Test of the Vehicle System. •If the BIT fails (causes displayed) the Takeoff is not allowed. •Pilot Define the Way Points and destination. •The Navigation Computer will define the Flight Plane (that includes the approved flight corridors, flight time, and will check that the fuel quantity is enough for this task). It will determine also potential emergency landing places. •The Plan will be displayed to the Pilot for approval. If no Plan is applicable the Pilot is notified and request for changes, after which a new Flight Plan is presented. •After the approval, the Flight Plan is transmitted to the Ground Control (if required). •If all the Takeoff conditions are fulfilled the Takeoff take place (automatic or manually). •If no passenger has Pilot credential all the flight is done in Automatic Mode. 8. If during Takeoff a failure occurs an automatic emergency landing must be performed. SkyCar SOLO
- 77. 77 Design Requirements (continue– 3): 9. During Level Flight the Pilot may request to change the Flight Plan. The same procedure as at Takeoff applies. Only after all the checks are performed and approvals are obtained the Flight Plan is changed. 10. The Pilot can take Manual Control of the vehicle in Free Flight if the Biometrical Identification confirms that he has the credentials for this, and the monitoring system confirms that he is capable to perform the task. If during this task the monitoring system detects a problem with Pilot Manual Control (or a hazard to vehicle is detected) the Navigation System will take control after the Pilot is acknowledged (following a predefined procedure). 11. The System will notify the Pilot of any problem during the flight and propose solutions. The fuel available is continually monitored. Two redundant Solid State Black Boxes will record vehicle important data. 12. The Navigation will be performed using GPS or compatible systems (GLONASS, GALILEO, ….). Two redundant and cheap Strap-down INS, used by the Autopilot, may be used also for Navigation. The Navigation System will provide the commands to the Autopilot in Automatic Mode. 13. The Autopilot System is designed to respond to all modes (VTOL, Free Flight and transition between those two) and will have redundant modes in case of actuators or sensors failures). It will operate also the deployment and folding actuators. It will operate in both Automatic (command from Navigation Module) and in Manual Mode (commands from Pilot). Two redundant channels are required, both Fly by Wire. SkyCar SOLO
- 78. 78 Design Requirements (continue– 4): 15. During Landing the Height over the Ground, and the Descent Velocity will be measured, displayed and used by the Autopilot to perform a smooth Vertical Landing. Also a visual video (or laser imaging) will be displayed. Any obstacles preventing the Landing will be acknowledged Automatically or Manually and the Landing Plan will be changed. 16. A Landing on a Runway with the Wing deployed will also be available in Automatic or Manual Modes . All the procedures required to Land on the specific Runway will be enforced. 14. During Flight is possible to go to Helicopter Hover Mode, for short (TBD) periods of time. SkyCarSOLO
- 79. 79 Design Requirements (continue– 5): Ground Support System can provide the following services to the Flying SkyCar, (but not all mandatory for operating the SkyCar): •Provide the approved Flying Corridors for the SkyCars. •Approve the SkyCar Flight Plan. •Check and Approve Passengers Flight credentials. •Provide a height map of the natural obstacles (constructions, power lines,…) along the Flight Path. •Provide emergency landing places along the Flight Path. •Monitor SkyCar data (position, Course Path, Speed, Flight Data). •Inform about traffic of other flight vehicles along the Flight Path, and request for Collision Avoidance maneuvers, that will be performed Automatically. •Take control of the SkyCar, in emergency cases, if technically possible, by changing the Flight Plan and enforcing the Automatic Mode (according to a predefined procedure). •Inform the authorities for any situation that requires their intervention. SkyCarSOLO Return to Table of Content
- 80. SkyCraft Avionics providesthe following functions to the pilot: • Pilot Displays • Communication (internal and external) • Data Entry and Control • Flight Control SOLO SkyCar Avionics 80 Aircraft Avionics includes also the following functions • Aircraft State Sensor Systems - Air Data Systems - Inertial Sensors • Navigation Systems - Dead Reckoning Navigation Systems - Radio Navigation Systems - GPS or equivalent (GLONASS, GALILEO, ….) •External World Sensors - Collision Avoidance Sensors Aircraft Avionics can provide also Task Automation • House Keeping Management • Navigation System Management • Autopilot and Flight Management Systems • Engine Control and Fuel Management
- 81. SOLO SkyCar Avionics Displays Communication AirData System Radio Navigation System Collision Avoidance System Inertial Sensors Navigation Systems Navigation System Management Autopilot & Flight Management System Engine Control & Fuel Management Data Entry & Control Flight Control Aircraft State Sensors External World Sensors Task Automation Data Bus Navigation Pilot House Keeping Management 81 AVIONICS Functional Components
- 82. SOLO HOTAS KEYSET Pilot 82 MFD HUD DISPLAYs PROCESSORs MISSION COMPUTER INSAIR DATA Collision Avoidance Sensors Engines Control Serial Redundant DataBus Serial Redundant Data Bus Avionics Physical Components Flight Control Flight Recorder SkyCar Avionics HOTAS – Hands on Throttle and Stick MFD - Multifunctional Displays HUD - Head Up Display
- 83. SOLO 83 • House KeepingManagement - Fuel System Management - Electrical Power Supply System Management - Hydraulic Power Supply System Management - Environmental Control System - Maintenance & Monitoring Systems Task Automation • Autopilot and Flight Management System (FMS) - Flight Planning - Navigation Management - Engine Control to maintain the planned Speed or Mach number. - Control of the Aircraft Flight Path to follow the optimized planned route. - Control of the Vertical Flight Profile. - Flight Envelope Monitoring. - Minimal Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Necessary to complete the task. - Automatic Take-off and Landing - Automatic Collision Avoidance Maneuvers. SkyCar Avionics Return to Table of Content
- 84. 84 Summary and Conclusion Thetechnology for a SkyCar is available today. SkyCarSOLO What is needed is someone that has the vision, and the money such that SkyCars will exit from a production line. The infrastructure to support it must also be defined. Return to Table of Content
- 85. April 13, 201585 SOLO Technion Israeli Institute of Technology 1964 – 1968 BSc EE 1968 – 1971 MSc EE Israeli Air Force 1970 – 1974 RAFAEL Israeli Armament Development Authority 1974 – Stanford University 1983 – 1986 PhD AA
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