The document describes the evolution of ATA interface standards for disk drives over multiple generations, starting with the basic ATA interface and expanding to support faster transfer speeds and larger capacities. The standards introduced new PIO and DMA transfer modes, added support for ATAPI devices, removable media, and larger capacities over 48 bits of LBA addressing. Serial ATA was later introduced as a successor to parallel ATA due to performance limitations.
Al Mansour University College
Software Engineering department
2nd stage
Microprocessors
Lec: Wael Esam Matti
by :
Tuqa Aqeel, Mayada Hazem , Zahraa Abdulkadem, Dyar Ahmed .
In many I/O interfacing applications and certainly in data acquisation system. it is often necessary to transfer data to or from an interface at data rates higher than those possible using simple programmed I/O loops
Al Mansour University College
Software Engineering department
2nd stage
Microprocessors
Lec: Wael Esam Matti
by :
Tuqa Aqeel, Mayada Hazem , Zahraa Abdulkadem, Dyar Ahmed .
In many I/O interfacing applications and certainly in data acquisation system. it is often necessary to transfer data to or from an interface at data rates higher than those possible using simple programmed I/O loops
Serial ATA (SATA) is a computer bus interface that connects host bus adapters to mass storage devices such as hard disk drives and optical drives. Serial ATA replaces the older AT Attachment standard (later referred to as Parallel ATA or PATA), offering several advantages over the older interface: reduced cable size and cost (seven conductors instead of 40 or 80), native hot swapping, faster data transfer through higher signalling rates, and more efficient transfer through an (optional) I/O queuing protocol.
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Dell Technologies Dell EMC POWERMAX Storage On One Single Page - POSTER - v1a...Smarter.World
The Dell EMC PowerMax storage system specifications on one single page.
Dell Technologies is a unique family of businesses that provides the essential infrastructure for organizations to build their digital future, transform IT and protect their most important asset, information.
ISO A0 poster edition - v1a September 2019
These slides were used during our Airheads Meetup Event at Jaarbeurs Utrecht on October 27th 2017.
If you have ideas, new speaker topics and recommendations for the events, please help us to improve for next year’s event by commenting on the community page: http://community.arubanetworks.com/t5/Wireless-Access/Airheads-Technical-Event-The-Netherlands-October-27th-2017/m-p/313566#M75870
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
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Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
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This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
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Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2. ATA - 1
��� AT Attachment interface for Disk drives
��� 40/44 pin connectors and cabling
��� Master/slave or cable select drive configuration options
���Signal timing for basic Programmed I/O (PIO) and DMA
modes
��� Cylinder, head, sector (CHS) and Logical Block
Address (LBA) drive parameters translations supporting
drive capacities up to 220–228(267,386,880) sectors, or
136.9GB
3. ATA - 2
��� Faster PIO and DMA transfer modes
��� Support for power management
��� Support for removable devices
��� PCMCIA devices support
��� Identifydrive command that reports more
information
��� Defined standard CHS/LBA translation methods
for drives up to 8.4GB in capacity
4. ATA - 3
��� Eliminated single-word (8-bit) DMA transfer protocols
��� Added SMART (Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting
Technology) support for prediction of device performance
degradation
LBA mode support was made mandatory
��� Added security mode, allowing password protection for
device access
��� Recommendations for source and receiver bus
termination to solve noise issues at higher transfer
speeds
5. ATA/ATAPI - 4
ATA Packet Interface
��� Ultra-DMAtransfer modes up to mode 2, which is
33MBps (called UDMA/33 or UDMA-ATA/33)
��� Integral ATAPI support
Defined an optional AT conductor, 40 pin cable for
improved noise resistance
��� Compact flash adapter support
��� Introducedenhanced BIOS support for drives over
9.4ZB (Zettabytesor trilliangigabytes) in size
6. ATA/ATAPI - 5
���Ultra-DMAtransfer modes up to mode 4, which is
66MBps (called UDMA/66 or UDMA-ATA/66)
��� 80-conductor cable now mandatory for UDMA/66
operation
��� Added automatic detection for 40 or 80 conductor
cables
��� UDMA modes faster than UDMA/33
��� Enabled only if an 80-conductor cable is detected
7. ATA/ATAPI - 6
��� Ultra-DMA transfer modes up to mode 5, which
is 100MBps (called UDMA/100 or UDMA-
ATA/100) transfers
��� Sector count per command increased from 8-
bits to 16-bits, allowing larger files to be
transferred more efficiently
��� LBA addressing extended from 228to 248. This
feature is often referred to as 48-bit LBA or
greater then 137GB support
��� CHS addressing made obsolete
8. ATA/ATAPI - 7
��� Addition of another transfer mode called UDMA
Mode 6
��� Allows data transfers up to 133MBps
��� Because of small performance differential
between ATA-6 and ATA-7, it is skipped over and
instead moved directly to Serial ATA
