14135132 shock-part-2
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External or internal bleeding is common in trauma patients and must be controlled quickly to prevent further complications. Serious injuries can prevent effective clotting and lead to significant blood loss and shock. Roller bandages are used to control bleeding, prevent contamination, and should be sterile, larger than the wound, thick, soft, and lint-free. Proper bandaging involves washing hands, extending the dressing over wound edges, covering with a bandage without touching the dressing surface, and checking for circulation if bandaged too tightly. Some injuries require special treatment like stabilizing impaled objects, transporting recovered body parts on ice, or loosely dressing open head wounds.
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14135132 shock-part-2
- 2. External or internal bleeding common with trauma patients Control bleeding quickly to prevent
- 3. Risk of infectious disease from contact with the patient’s blood or body fluids Follow standard precautions Serious injury may prevent effective clotting Significant blood loss will cause shock and possibly death
- 5. Perform the standard assessment Estimate severity of blood loss Assess the patient for shock
- 10. Used to control bleeding Prevents contamination Dressings should be: ◦Sterile ◦Larger than the wound ◦Thick, soft, compressible ◦Lint free (no cotton balls)
- 11. Gauze pads Adhesive strips Trauma dressings Improvise
- 12. Hemorrhage: Rapid blood loss ◦ Adult: 1 quart may lead to shock ◦ Child: 1 pint loss of blood Dressing ◦A protective covering for a wound – Bandage ◦A material used to hold a dressing in place
- 13. Application ◦Wash hands ◦Dressing should extend over edges of wound ◦Do not touch dressing surface that is to be next to the wound ◦Cover with a bandage
- 14. Holding dressings in place Applying pressure Prevent or reduce swelling Provide support or stability
- 15. Leave toes and fingers exposed if possible ◦Bandage too tight? Check for color, circulation, temperature Wrap towards the heart ◦Small end of bone to large end
- 16. Roller gauze Improvised Triangular Adhesive / paper tape Adhesive strips Tourniquets are rarely recommended ◦ Damage to nerves and vessels
- 18. Protruding bone Skull fracture Embedded object Stick Shrapnel
- 19. Abrasion – scrape Incision – smooth edged cut Laceration – jagged irregular edges Puncture – deep, narrow stab wound ◦ High rate of infection (animal bites) Avulsion – flap of skin torn loose Amputation – cutting off a body part
- 20. Crushing ◦ Poor chance of reattachment Guillotine ◦ Clean cut ◦ Good chance of reattachment (fingertips of kitchen counter) De-gloving ◦ Skin peeled off
- 21. Control bleeding Treat for shock Recover body part Transport
- 22. Wrap in dry clean cloth ◦Do not wrap in wet dressing Place in waterproof container Place bag on bed of ice Transport immediately
- 23. DO NOT REMOVE !!!!!!!!!!!! Control bleeding Stabilize object Shorten object only if necessary One exception: ◦ If impaled in cheek and > l hour from help and Pencil is through & through Control bleeding Dressings inside and outside of cheek
- 24. Do not apply pressure to eye Place padding around object Stabilize object ◦Paper cup Cover both eyes ◦Explain to victim
- 25. Flush 20 minutes with low pressure water ◦ Remove contacts ◦ Flush outward ◦ Roll eyeball Loosely bandage both eyes with cold, wet dressings
- 26. Dust off chemical Protect yourself Then rinse 20 minutes
- 27. Do not replace in socket Cover loosely with moistened sterile dressing Pad around area Cover with paper cup etc. Cover uninjured eye
- 28. Watery blood could mean a skull fracture Allow victim to sit up and tilt the affected ear lower to let blood drain out Only if no Spinal Injury Suspected Cover ear with loose dressing but DO NOT apply pressure
- 29. Knocked out tooth Broken tooth
- 30. Rinse mouth / rinse tooth if dirty Place roll of gauze in the socket Do not scrub or use alcohol or mouthwash on the tooth Never touch root Transport in cold, whole milk
- 31. Broken tooth? ◦ Clean area ◦ Cold compress ◦ Remote area? Candle wax, gum Fractured jaw? ◦ Immobilize ◦ Medical attention
- 32. Suspect spine injury Profuse bleeding Skull or brain exposure? Indentation in skull? Control bleeding
- 33. Depressed skull fracture? ◦ Apply pressure around edges of wound ◦ Elevate head and shoulders if appropriate Lessens bleeding Do not remove impaled objects ◦ Immobilize with bulky dressings
- 34. Signs and symptoms ◦ Penetrating wound ◦ Point tenderness ◦ Deformity
- 35. ◦ Bleeding from ears or nose ◦ Leakage of clear or pink watery fluid from ears or nose (CSF fluid) Halo effect ◦ Discoloration under eyes or behind ears ◦ Unequal pupils ◦ Profuse bleeding
- 36. Monitor ABC’s Apply dressing Control bleeding as best as possible Stabilize neck (elevate head if appropriate) Do not clean open skull fracture Do not stop CSF flow