The document provides essential first aid guidelines for various injuries, including cuts, sprains, fractures, burns, and animal or snake bites. It outlines specific steps for treating these injuries and emphasizes the importance of safety, especially in emergencies such as fires. Additional notes on safety measures and new terms related to first aid are also included.

1. Safety and first aid
SCIENCE

2. First aid
What is first aid?
First aid is the first medical help given to an
injured person.
FIRST AID = first help

3. For cuts and scratches
Veena one day was cutting vegetables and
suddenly cut her finger. Do you know how
to first aid it?

4. For cuts and scratches
I know it first:-
• Wash away all the dirt around the wound.
• Clean the affected area with cotton wool
soaked with antiseptic lotion.
• Place a thick pad of cotton wool on the
wound and press it with your thumb and
fingers.
• Wrap a sterile gauze bandage around the
wounded area.

5. For nose bleeds
My nose bleeds frequently when it happens you
know what should you do?
+ Keep the patient upright in a comfortable
position with his head held back.
+ Press the bleeding side of the nose firmly.
+ Keep an ice-pack on the nose and the head
of the patient.
+ Ask the patient to breathe with his mouth and
not to blow with his nose.
+ If the bleeding is heavy send for a doctor.

6. For sprains
When the tissues around the joint get torn
we call it SPRAIN. They cause swelling
and sometimes discolouration of the skin.
They are very painful. When you have
sprain you should:-
+ Keep on applying ice-packs and ice-cubes
on the injured joint till the swelling
subsides.

7. For fractures
A crack or a break in a bone is called a
FRACTURE.
+ You should keep the patient calm and
comfortable when some one has a
fracture.
+ Apply a splint to give support to the broken
bone and try to avoid unnecessary
movement.
+ A sling made from a triangular piece of
cloth can be used for support.

8. For burns
One can suffer from hot
objects, fire, steam, boiling
water, crackers, electric points and
chemicals like acids so always be away
from them. There are 3 different burns:-
Minor burns
Severe burns
Chemical burns

9. Minor burns
Minor burns can be treated at home but yet
are very careful.
+ Let running cold water flow over the burn
till you don’t feel the pain.
+ Apply an antiseptic lotion or cream to
prevent infection.
+ If you don’t have an antiseptic lotion you
can put water too.

10. Severe burns
Some times the skin get severly burnt and
blisters form. Never try to prick a blister.
An open blister is an open wound .It can
catch infection.
+ Gently cover the burn a clean piece of
cloth to protect it from germ and dust
+ Dip a sterile piece of cloth in a solution of
baking soda and use it as a wet compress
+Severe burns must be treated by a doctor.

11. For fire fighting
+ In case there is a fire in a building inform
the nearest building.
+ In case of the fire caused by petrol don’t
throw water, throw SAND.
If a persons clothes catch fire
+ make him roll on the ground
+ cover him with a thick blanket

12. For animal bites
+ Wash the wound with soap and water to
remove germs.
+ Apply and antiseptic lotion to prevent
infection.
+ Bandage the wound wit a sterile gauze.
+ Rush the victim to a doctor.

13. For Snake bites
• Snakes are very poisonous .If they bite
treatment must be given immediately:-
+ Apply a tourniquet just above the bite to
stop the flow of blood to the heart.
+ Immediately rush the victim to the doctor.

14. Safety first
• Safety is very important especially on roads.
you should read and follow the signs carefully
• Some of the signs are:-
No U turn no parking no honking no
entry

15. More information
• The clear gel of aloe vera can heal
wounds and burns by forming a protective
coating on the affected area
• When the skin is cut by a dirty or rusted
object germs may enter and cause a
dangerous disease called TETANUS.
• A tourniquet is a tight bandage that is used
for stopping the flow of blood.

16. New words
• Splint:- A piece of wood or cardboard used
to hold a broken bone.
• Sling:- A bandage passing over the
shoulder to support an injured upper limb.
• Discolouration:- Change in colour(for
sprains the colour turns BLUE)
Splint 
sling 