This document provides guidance on first aid for several common medical issues. It describes how to respond to seizures by protecting the individual and ensuring their airway is clear. For fainting, it advises laying the person on their back with head to the side and legs elevated. Choking is addressed as partial or complete obstruction, with instructions for back blows or Heimlich maneuver. Bleeding control techniques like direct pressure, pressure points and tourniquets as a last resort are outlined. First aid for wounds, bites, eye injuries and more are summarized concisely.

1. Basic First Aid

2. Seizures/Convulsions
 Seizures: mild to severe
 brief blackouts, involuntary movements, sudden falls
 periods of confused behavior
 involuntary muscle contractions.
 Grand Mal seizures
 uncontrollable muscle movements (jerking or spasms)
 Rigidity
 loss of consciousness
 loss of bladder and/or bowel control
 breathing that stops temporarily.

3. Seizures/Convulsions
 Stay with the person – consider calling 911
 Protect the person from injury
 Move all furniture or equipment that is nearby
 Do not hold or restrain the person
 Do not put anything in the person’s mouth
 Loosen clothing
 Roll the person on his/her side
 After the seizure activity has stopped:
 Perform rescue breathing if person is blue or not breathing (if CPR
certified)
 If breathing, lay person on side

4. FAINTING
 Pale, sweaty, slow pulse
 Lay person on back with head to the side
and legs elevated
 DO NOT give anything by mouth
 If person doesn’t wake up right away, call
911

5. Choking
 Partial airway obstruction with good air
exchange
 Forceful cough
 Wheezing in between breaths
*Stay with the person and encourage them to
cough

6. Choking
 Partial airway obstruction with poor air
exchange
 Weak, ineffective cough
 High-pitched noises while breathing
* This type of obstruction should be dealt with as
if it were a complete obstruction

7. Choking
 Complete airway obstruction
 Unable to breathe, speak or cough
 Clutching at his/her throat (universal distress
signal for choking)
 If the person is still conscious, perform
Heimlich maneuver
 If the person becomes unconscious, call 911
and continue helping if familiar with First
Aid/CPR

8. Heimlich Maneuver

9. Major Bleeding: Direct Pressure
 Use a sterile dressing or clean cloth
 Fold to form pad
 Apply pressure directly over wound
 Fasten with bandage; knot over wound
 If bleeding continues, add second
pressure dressing

10. Bleeding: Pressure Points
Apply pressure where artery lies near
skin over bone.

11. Bleeding: Pressure Points
 Use pressure point closest to wound,
between wound and heart
 Superficial arteries: use flat surface of
several fingers
 Femoral artery, use heel of one hand

12. Tourniquet
Absolute last resort
in controlling
bleeding:
Life or the limb
Once a
tourniquet is
applied, it is not
to be removed ,
only by a doctor

13. Cuts
 Apply pressure with a clean cloth, elevation
 Can be cleaned better when bleeding stops
 Large and deep: seek medical attention
 Maintain pressure
 Minor cuts
 Soap and water, peroxide
 cover with antibiotic ointment and dressing.
 If cut may need sutures, seek medical care as
soon as possible
 Consider “Super Glue”

14. Works on People, Too!

15. Abrasions
 Must get wound clean
 Hold pressure with or without
“numbing” medicine till bleeding stops
 Clean wound with soap and water in 1 -2
hours
 Wrap in dry bandage
 Clean at least twice a day till healed

17. Puncture Wounds
 DO NOT remove large
objects such as knives or
sticks, call 911
 For minor wounds, wash
with soap and water
 Remove splinters?
 Antibiotic ointment
 Bandage
 The person may need a
tetanus booster injection

18. Stinging Insects
 Remove the stinger with the scraping motion of a
fingernail
 DO NOT pull the stinger out
 Put a cold compress on the bite
 Hydrocortisone cream
 Benadryl
 Check for allergies
 If hives, paleness, weakness, nausea, vomiting, tightness
in chest, breathing difficulty, or collapse occur, call 911.
 For spider bites, call the Poison Control Center or
hospital

19. EpiPen

20. How to use an Epipen:
 Pull off gray safety cap.
 Place black tip on thigh, at right angle to leg
 Press hard into thigh until Auto-Injector
mechanism functions
 Hold in place for several seconds
 The EpiPen unit should then be removed and
discarded
 Massage the injection area for 10 seconds.

21. Blisters
 Leave intact
 Puncture under clean conditions
Cleanse area, hands, needle
Puncture near edge
Antibiotic ointment and bandage

22. EYE Injuries
 DON’T RUB!!!
 Wash out (chemicals, dirt)
 Patch or compress or keep closed
 Send the person directly to an
emergency room.

23. NOSEBLEEDS
 With person sitting,
squeeze nostrils
together between
thumb and index
finger for 10 minutes
 Ice on forehead
 If bleeding persists,
seek medical
attention– but
maintain pressure

24. TEETH
 If knocked out, find the tooth and rinse it gently
without touching the root
 Insert and gently hold the tooth in its socket or
transport the tooth in cow’s milk
 If broken, save the pieces. Gently clean the
injured area with warm water. Place a cold
compress to reduce swelling.
 Send the person directly to the dentist or an
emergency room. Time is important!

25. Major Fractures
 Other injuries – major accident
 Broken skin, major deformity
Heavy bleeding
Loss of circulation
 Neck, head, hip, pelvis, upper leg

26. Major Fractures
 Stop any bleeding
 Immobilize
Splint
Don’t try to re-align
 Treat for shock
Head down
Legs up?

27. Dislocations
 Don't delay medical care
 Don't move the joint
 Nerves, blood vessels and ligaments
 Put ice on the injured joint

28. Fractures and Sprains: PRICE
 P-- protect the injured limb from further
injury by not using the joint
 R-- rest the injured limb
 I-- ice the area
 C-- compress the area with an elastic wrap
or bandage
 E-- elevate the injured limb whenever
possible to help prevent or limit swelling

29. Sunburn
 Avoidance
 Cover up: hats, sleeves
 Sunscreen
 Cool bath or shower
 Leave blisters intact
 Tylenol, Advil, Solarcaine

30. Heat Illness
 AVOID The Problem
 DRINK even if not “thirsty”
Lotsof clear urine
 Heat Cramps: rest, cool down, DRINK
 Heat Exhaustion = threatened Heatstroke
 Nausea, faint
 Pale, clammy & cool
 Give fluids, active cooling
 Heatstroke  Call 911
 Hot, shock, unconscious