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Emergency Medicine.pptx
- 1. Emergency Sports Medicineand Presenter : Shubhankar Whaval PT RA 2022207010008 MPT Sports 4th Sem Moderator : Mr. Manova Prasanna D. SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRMIST Slides 01 Safety
- 2. Slides 02 • Preparations •Special Cases • Decision Making • General Cases • Case Scenario Table of Content • Summary
- 3. Slides 03 • Olympics •CMO and Medical Services Manager • Historical Data • Medical Advisory Group • MoU with Surrounding Hospitals • Venue Specific Managers • Event Doctors • Population : Players, Staff, Audience, Supporting Staff Preparation
- 4. Slides 04 Decision Making TenKeys When Dealing with an Injured Player On and Off The Field Recognize that an injury or illness exists Don’t Panic Mentally prepare yourself Survey the scene When you reach the athlete on the field: BLS Determine if the athlete should be moved Monitor the player OFF the field Return to play Parental or guardian permission and notification Follow-up treatment and return to play 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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- 6. Slides 07 • Ifavailable, always wear protective gloves when dealing with bodily fluids (i.e. blood, urine, saliva, etc.) • Apply a sterile gauze pad to the wound (if not available use a clean towel), elevate the wound and apply direct pressure for until bleeding stops. If the bleeding continues past 5-10 minutes seek medical attention. • If the wound is soiled, irrigate with a disinfectant, or if nothing else is available, clean water. • Cover the wound with a clean or sterile dressing to prevent infection. • Clean blood spills (or blood on uniforms or clothes) with a diluted water/bleach solution (10 parts H2O and 1 part bleach). Wound Care
- 7. Slides 07 • Alwayswear protective gloves • Never pick up the tooth by the roots. Grasp the tooth by the crown. • If the tooth is dirty rinse the tooth off in water. Do Not scrub the tooth or dry it. • If possible reposition the tooth in its socket immediately. Hold the tooth in place by gently biting down on it or have the athlete gently hold it in place with his or her fingers. A tooth has the best chance of survival if placed back in its socket within the first 30 minutes. • If you are not able to place the tooth back into its socket the following are recommended methods of transport (in order of preference): • Emergency tooth preservation kit (available at your local pharmacy) • Cold whole milk • Saline solution • Saliva – Have the athlete hold the tooth between their cheek and gum • If not of the above is available use clean water • Remember to keep the tooth moist at all times Tooth Injury
- 8. Slides 08 • Earlytreatment of a nose injury consists of applying a cold compress and keeping the head higher than the rest of the body. • You should seek medical attention in case of • Breathing difficulties • Deformity of the nose • Persistent bleeding • Deep cut • Known fracture Nasal Injuries • If available always wear protective gloves • Nosebleeds are common and usually short lived • Control the bleeding by squeezing the nose with constant pressure for 5-10 • minutes. Ice may be applied to both sides of the nose to help speed coagulation • and stop bleeding. • Do not tilt the head back • Do not let the athlete blow his or her nose • If bleeding persists, seek medical attention Bloody Nose
- 9. Slides 09 Eye Contusion •If available always wear protective gloves • Be cautious of a fracture of the orbit (eye socket). Things to look for: • Blurred vision • Swelling • Discoloration of the area surrounding the eye • Broken blood vessels in the eye • Injured eye appears lower than un-injured eye • Gentle application of cold compress • Seek medical attention Eye Contusion/ Object In The Eye Object in Eye • If available always wear protective gloves • If an object such as dirt, eyelash or chemical substance is in the eye: • Gently flush the eye with clean water or saline • Continue to flush until the object is removed • If you are unable to flush the eye successfully cover both eyes and transport the athlete to medical attention. Covering both eyes will minimize movement of the eye with the foreign substance in it. • If the eye is penetrated with a sharp object or if the eye is bleeding cover both eyes with a light dressing and seek immediate medical attention. Do not attempt to remove the object.
- 10. Slides 10 Dehydration ofgreater than 3% of you r body weight increases the athlete’s risk of heat illness (heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke) Dehydration Fluid Replacement Fluid Guidelines • 2 to 3 hours before exercise drink 17-20 ounces of water or a sports drink • 10-20 minutes before exercise drink 7-10 ounces of water or a sports drink • During exercise – drink early, even minimal dehydration effects performance • Every 10-20 minutes drink at least 7-10 ounces of water or a sports drink • To maintain hydration, drink beyond your thirst • After exercise – within 2 hours, drink enough to replace any weight loss from exercise. Drink 20-24 ounces of sprots drink per pound of weight loss • Avoid caffeine and alcohol
- 11. Slides 11 • Applicationof ice, remove restricting clothing, remove the athlete from the sun • Encourage stretching of the muscle that is cramping and stopping activity that is causing the athlete to use that muscle • Encourage fluids Heat Related Illness Muscle Cramps Heat Exhaustion Heat Stroke • Move athlete to a cooler area • Elevate legs and encourage fluids • Monitor vital signs (i.e. respiration, pulse and level of consciousness) • Move athlete to a cooler area • Reduce body temperature by applying cold wet towels to the head and body • Monitor vital signs (i.e. respiration, pulse and level of consciousness) • Activate the Emergency Medical System – Call for immediate medical attention
- 12. Slides 12 • Supportivein nature Gradually re-warm the exposed area at room temperature • Wash and dry the affected area • Apply a dry, soft sterile bandage • Symptoms usually subside with elimination of cold. Cold Related Illness Chilblains (Pernio) Snow Blindness • Prevent further ultraviolet exposure (sunglasses). If no sunglasses are available, patch affected eye. • Oral analgesics (NSAIDS, but do not put local analgesics into the eyes) • Do NOT put steroid medications into the eye CASEVAC as the operational environment permits
- 13. Slides 13 • MaintainABC’s. If CPR is initiated, maintain extensive re-warming efforts to ensure circulation of warm blood to the body’s core. • Move casualty to a warm shelter to prevent further heat loss Remove wet clothing if situation allows. • 1. Frostbite Loosen or remove constrictive clothing • Warm, moist air via boiling water or hot shower (inhalation is the fastest way to warm the core) Sleeping bag re-warming (place patient in bag with 1 or 2 buddies) • Apply heating pads or packs (groin/armpits/neck) Warm water bath (water temperature between 100°F and 108°F) Hot, sweet drinks (if conscious) Monitor vital signs. • Observe for cardiac abnormalities Monitor core temperature rectally Warm IV solutions (Pre-warm solution in warm water or between MRE heaters) Cold Related Illness Hypothermi a
- 14. • Move towarm shelter and provide supportive care • Rapid immersion of affected area into warm water. Cover with loose, dry sterile dressing that is non-compressive and non-adherent • Do NOT allow casualty to walk on affected feet. Fingers and toes should be separated and protected with sterile cotton gauze • Do NOT drain blisters in the field Provide pain meds as needed. Start IV and give 250 mL bolus of warm saline to treat dehydration and reduce blood viscosity • Do NOT give alcohol or cigarettes because of their vasoconstrictive properties Do NOT use direct heat source greater than 102°F on the affected area Do NOT allow the thawed part to refreeze (when the injured site freezes, thaws, and then refreezes, the second freezing causes a greater amount of severe thrombosis, vascular damage, and tissue loss) CASEVAC ASAP Slides 14 Cold Related Illness Frostbit e
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- 16. Slides 16 Head Injury 20y.o. soccer goalie attempting to make a save and kicked in the head Develops headache and nausea No LOC No history of head injury Case Scenario
- 17. Slides 17 • Sportsconcussion assessment tool (SCAT) 5 ⚬ Symptom Evaluation ⚬ Orientation ⚬ Cognitive Screening ⚬ Concentration ⚬ Neurologic Screening • Vestibular Ocular Motor/Screening (VOMS) • Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) Concussion Sideline Testing
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