12 gastric outlet obstruction
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This document discusses various causes of gastric outlet obstruction as seen on clinical imaging. It includes 8 figures showing examples of peptic ulcer disease, annular constricting carcinoma of the stomach, Crohn's disease, corrosive gastritis, acute pancreatitis, an antral mucosal diaphragm, duodenal duplication causing an extrinsic mass, organoaxial volvulus, and adult hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Each figure provides a visual example of how these various conditions appear on clinical imaging and can cause gastric outlet obstruction.
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GASTRIC OUTLET OBSTRUCTION
Gastric outlet obstruction is caused by benign or malignant diseases that obstruct gastric emptying. Common benign causes include peptic ulcer disease while pancreatic cancer is a frequent malignant cause. Patients experience nausea, vomiting and weight loss. Diagnosis involves distinguishing functional from mechanical causes and identifying the underlying etiology. Treatment focuses on rehydration and correcting metabolic abnormalities as well as addressing the mechanical obstruction through endoscopic or surgical interventions.
Gastric outlet obstruction
This document describes gastric outlet obstruction (GOO), including its causes, symptoms, examinations, investigations, differential diagnosis, and treatment options. GOO is caused by any mechanical impediment to gastric emptying. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting of undigested food, early satiety, and weight loss. Investigations may include blood tests, imaging like x-rays and endoscopy, and gastric function tests. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may involve resuscitation, antisecretory drugs, endoscopic procedures, or surgery like vagotomy with pyloroplasty or gastric resection. Post-operative complications can include bleeding, strictures, dumping syndrome, and duodenal blowout.
Pathology and pathophysiology of Gatric Outlet Obstruction (GOO)
Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) occurs when there is a blockage of the pylorus, preventing food from exiting the stomach. Benign causes include peptic ulcers, infections, gallstones, and polyps, while malignant causes are typically cancers of the stomach, pancreas, or lymphomas. The pathophysiology of GOO involves hypertrophy and dilation of the stomach above the obstruction. This leads to a buildup of undigested food and secretions, causing vomiting, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, malnutrition, and kidney problems from dehydration. Timely diagnosis and treatment of the underlying condition is important to prevent complications of GOO.
Gastrci outlet obstruction
Gastric outlet obstruction has various causes including peptic ulcer disease, gastric cancer, and Crohn's disease. It leads to vomiting of partially digested food, dehydration, and metabolic abnormalities. Diagnosis involves imaging, endoscopy, and biopsy. Management focuses on correcting electrolyte abnormalities and removing the mechanical obstruction endoscopically or surgically via procedures like vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy. Gastric cancer is a common cause and may require total or subtotal gastrectomy depending on location, with postoperative risks of bleeding, leakage, and nutritional deficiencies. Palliative options for inoperable tumors include stenting or bypass procedures.
Gastric outlet obstruction
The document discusses gastric outlet obstruction (GOO), which refers to any mechanical impediment to gastric emptying. It can be caused by benign or malignant conditions. Common benign causes include peptic ulcer disease and gastric polyps, while pancreatic cancer is a frequent malignant cause. Symptoms include vomiting, weight loss, and dehydration. Diagnosis involves imaging like barium studies and endoscopy. Treatment of GOO focuses on rehydration, nutritional support, and correcting electrolyte imbalances. Surgical intervention may be needed for persistent or malignant obstructions.
Post gastrectomy syndrome
Dumping syndrome occurs after gastric surgery when food empties too quickly from the stomach into the small intestine. It has early and late forms. Early dumping causes GI symptoms like nausea within 30 minutes and cardiovascular symptoms like palpitations. Late dumping 2-3 hours later can cause hypoglycemia. Treatment involves dietary changes and medications like octreotide. Other post-gastrectomy syndromes include afferent loop obstruction and vitamin deficiencies. Surgery may be needed to correct mechanical issues or revise reconstructions.
Gastric Outlet Obstruction
Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) is caused by any disease process that mechanically impedes gastric emptying. Common benign causes include peptic ulcer disease and gastric polyps, while pancreatic cancer is the most common malignant cause. GOO presents with non-bilious vomiting, weight loss, and dehydration. Management involves resuscitation with IV fluids and correcting metabolic abnormalities, then treating the underlying cause surgically if medical management fails or for palliation of malignant obstructions. Diagnosis in resource-limited areas relies on clinical exam findings, while challenges include limited imaging and laboratory resources.
Gastric outlet obstruction
Gastric outlet obstruction is a complication of chronic peptic ulcer disease where the stomach fails to empty normally due to scarring or swelling at the pylorus. It presents with vomiting, weight loss, and abdominal swelling. Treatment involves resuscitation followed by either non-operative measures like lavage and dilation or surgery to relieve the obstruction through procedures like vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy. The goals are to restore gastric emptying, prevent recurrence, and manage complications.
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GASTRIC OUTLET OBSTRUCTION
Gastric outlet obstruction is caused by benign or malignant diseases that obstruct gastric emptying. Common benign causes include peptic ulcer disease while pancreatic cancer is a frequent malignant cause. Patients experience nausea, vomiting and weight loss. Diagnosis involves distinguishing functional from mechanical causes and identifying the underlying etiology. Treatment focuses on rehydration and correcting metabolic abnormalities as well as addressing the mechanical obstruction through endoscopic or surgical interventions.
Gastric outlet obstruction
This document describes gastric outlet obstruction (GOO), including its causes, symptoms, examinations, investigations, differential diagnosis, and treatment options. GOO is caused by any mechanical impediment to gastric emptying. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting of undigested food, early satiety, and weight loss. Investigations may include blood tests, imaging like x-rays and endoscopy, and gastric function tests. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may involve resuscitation, antisecretory drugs, endoscopic procedures, or surgery like vagotomy with pyloroplasty or gastric resection. Post-operative complications can include bleeding, strictures, dumping syndrome, and duodenal blowout.
Pathology and pathophysiology of Gatric Outlet Obstruction (GOO)
Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) occurs when there is a blockage of the pylorus, preventing food from exiting the stomach. Benign causes include peptic ulcers, infections, gallstones, and polyps, while malignant causes are typically cancers of the stomach, pancreas, or lymphomas. The pathophysiology of GOO involves hypertrophy and dilation of the stomach above the obstruction. This leads to a buildup of undigested food and secretions, causing vomiting, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, malnutrition, and kidney problems from dehydration. Timely diagnosis and treatment of the underlying condition is important to prevent complications of GOO.
Gastrci outlet obstruction
Gastric outlet obstruction has various causes including peptic ulcer disease, gastric cancer, and Crohn's disease. It leads to vomiting of partially digested food, dehydration, and metabolic abnormalities. Diagnosis involves imaging, endoscopy, and biopsy. Management focuses on correcting electrolyte abnormalities and removing the mechanical obstruction endoscopically or surgically via procedures like vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy. Gastric cancer is a common cause and may require total or subtotal gastrectomy depending on location, with postoperative risks of bleeding, leakage, and nutritional deficiencies. Palliative options for inoperable tumors include stenting or bypass procedures.
Gastric outlet obstruction
The document discusses gastric outlet obstruction (GOO), which refers to any mechanical impediment to gastric emptying. It can be caused by benign or malignant conditions. Common benign causes include peptic ulcer disease and gastric polyps, while pancreatic cancer is a frequent malignant cause. Symptoms include vomiting, weight loss, and dehydration. Diagnosis involves imaging like barium studies and endoscopy. Treatment of GOO focuses on rehydration, nutritional support, and correcting electrolyte imbalances. Surgical intervention may be needed for persistent or malignant obstructions.
Post gastrectomy syndrome
Dumping syndrome occurs after gastric surgery when food empties too quickly from the stomach into the small intestine. It has early and late forms. Early dumping causes GI symptoms like nausea within 30 minutes and cardiovascular symptoms like palpitations. Late dumping 2-3 hours later can cause hypoglycemia. Treatment involves dietary changes and medications like octreotide. Other post-gastrectomy syndromes include afferent loop obstruction and vitamin deficiencies. Surgery may be needed to correct mechanical issues or revise reconstructions.
Gastric Outlet Obstruction
Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) is caused by any disease process that mechanically impedes gastric emptying. Common benign causes include peptic ulcer disease and gastric polyps, while pancreatic cancer is the most common malignant cause. GOO presents with non-bilious vomiting, weight loss, and dehydration. Management involves resuscitation with IV fluids and correcting metabolic abnormalities, then treating the underlying cause surgically if medical management fails or for palliation of malignant obstructions. Diagnosis in resource-limited areas relies on clinical exam findings, while challenges include limited imaging and laboratory resources.
Gastric outlet obstruction
Gastric outlet obstruction is a complication of chronic peptic ulcer disease where the stomach fails to empty normally due to scarring or swelling at the pylorus. It presents with vomiting, weight loss, and abdominal swelling. Treatment involves resuscitation followed by either non-operative measures like lavage and dilation or surgery to relieve the obstruction through procedures like vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy. The goals are to restore gastric emptying, prevent recurrence, and manage complications.
Benign gastric outlet obstruction
Benign gastric outlet obstruction can result from various benign conditions that cause mechanical impediment to gastric emptying. Peptic ulcer disease, particularly chronic ulcers, was previously a leading cause but has declined with treatment of Helicobacter pylori and use of proton pump inhibitors. Other benign causes include corrosive injury, certain drugs like NSAIDs, and inflammatory conditions of the stomach or duodenum. Patients present with epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves imaging tests and endoscopy. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include endoscopic balloon dilation, surgery such as vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy, or management of the underlying disease in cases of inflammation. Complications can
Gastric outlet obstruction
This document provides an overview of gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). It discusses that GOO can result from benign or malignant causes that obstruct gastric emptying. The most common benign causes are peptic ulcer disease and gastric polyps, while pancreatic cancer is the most common malignant cause. Patients present with nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and dehydration. Diagnosis involves distinguishing mechanical from functional causes, and benign from malignant etiologies. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, with surgery considered for benign cases unresponsive to medical management or in select malignant cases for palliation.
Gastric outlet obstruction
This document provides information on gastric outlet obstruction (GOO), including its definition, causes, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, investigations, and management. It presents the case of a 59-year-old male patient who presented with generalized weakness, postprandial vomiting, and weight loss. Endoscopic biopsy revealed gastric carcinoma known as linitis plastica, resulting in a diagnosis of GOO secondary to gastric malignancy. The document discusses benign and malignant causes of GOO, and the metabolic effects, clinical features, and approach to investigating and initially managing a patient with GOO.
Gastric Outlet Obstruction (GOO)
Gastric Outlet Obstruction Explained By Dr MSI.
Content taken from Bailey n Love Surgery, Schwartz Surgery and Multiple articles.
Complications of peptic ulcer
The document discusses complications of peptic ulcers, including perforation, hemorrhage, gastric outlet obstruction, penetration, and malignant change. Perforation is a common complication that occurs when a weak spot in the stomach or duodenal wall ruptures. Symptoms include severe abdominal pain. Treatment involves surgery to repair the perforation along with antibiotics and resuscitation. Bleeding is another major complication that can range from mild to life-threatening. Symptoms include vomiting blood or black stools. Treatment involves endoscopic methods to stop bleeding along with fluid replacement and medications. Surgery may be needed if bleeding cannot be controlled otherwise or for other complications like perforation.
Surgical treatment for peptic ulcer disease
This document discusses surgical treatments for peptic ulcer disease. It outlines relevant anatomy and physiology, classifications of PUD, indications for surgery, and various surgical options including vagotomy, gastrectomy, Graham's omental patch, and suture ligation of the gastroduodenal artery. Complications are also reviewed. The prognosis is generally satisfactory with operative procedures, though complications can include bleeding, leakage, obstruction, and recurrent ulceration. Delayed treatment increases morbidity and mortality risks.
GI bleeding & Intestinal Obstruction
This document discusses obstructive jaundice and intestinal obstruction. It provides details on a case of a 78-year-old man admitted with abdominal pain and jaundice. Investigation showed gallstones and elevated bilirubin. Management of obstructive jaundice may include cholecystectomy, ERCP, or stenting. Complications include sepsis and liver/renal failure. Intestinal obstruction can be dynamic or adynamic, and may be caused by adhesions, hernias, tumors or impacted feces. Treatment involves decompression, IV fluids, and surgery to remove obstructions or bypass affected areas.
Fwd: Bambury tutorial Upper GI Surgery
---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: UCD Graduate '09 None <ucdgrad09@gmail.com>
Date: 2009/2/12
Subject: Bambury tutorial Upper GI Surgery
To: ucdgrad09@gmail.com
She does not know that we have this so please don't print it and bring it to
the lecture
Perforation
This document describes the case of a 60-year-old female patient presenting with abdominal pain and distension. On examination, she showed signs of peritonitis. Investigations including ultrasound and x-ray revealed free fluid and free gas in the abdomen, suggestive of a hollow viscous perforation. She was diagnosed with a perforated peptic ulcer of the duodenum and underwent exploratory laparotomy and Graham's patch repair. Post-operatively, she improved with treatment and was discharged on the 12th day.
Gastrointestinal obstruction
HI, i am Maitri Doshi, a medical student, showing many different presentations that i made.
It has introduction, causes, signs and symptoms, complications, and diagnosis.
Short and easy to understand about GI obstruction.
Paralytic ileus
Paralytic ileus is an obstruction of the intestine caused by paralysis of the intestinal muscle resulting from physiological, neurogenic, or chemical imbalances rather than mechanical causes. It is the second most common reason for hospital readmission within 30 days of surgery. Symptoms include abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, distention, and constipation. Diagnosis is typically made through x-ray, and management involves bowel rest with NG tube decompression if needed, IV fluid replacement, withholding opioids, and mobilization when possible.
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Small intestine perforation- Easy ppt for student nurses
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The document discusses surgical management of chronic pancreatitis. It describes various surgical procedures for treating chronic pancreatitis including resection procedures like Whipple procedure, drainage procedures like Puestow's procedure, and hybrid procedures like Frey procedure. Studies have shown that duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection procedures and longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy provide better postoperative outcomes and pain control compared to resection procedures while preserving exocrine and endocrine function. The document concludes that surgery is effective for relieving pain in chronic pancreatitis and duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection procedures have advantages over other surgical options.
Intestinal obstruction
Intestinal obstruction occurs when the downward movement of intestinal contents is arrested. It can be classified based on its pathological cause, level of obstruction, onset and course. Common causes include adhesions, hernias, tumors and strictures. Symptoms depend on the level and type of obstruction and may include pain, distension, vomiting and constipation. Examination findings can provide clues to whether the obstruction is simple, strangulated or closed loop. Further testing is needed to determine the specific cause and appropriate management.
Zollinger – ellison syndrome
This document discusses Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, which is characterized by severe peptic ulcers caused by excessive stomach acid production due to a non-beta cell tumor known as a gastrinoma. It describes the pathophysiology, tumor distribution, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of the condition. The gastrinoma secretes gastrin which stimulates acid secretion, potentially reaching the small intestine and inactivating pancreatic enzymes. Diagnosis involves biochemical tests and imaging to locate the tumor. Treatment options include proton pump inhibitors, somatostatin analogues, and surgery to cure the condition.
Intestinal obstruction
Intestinal obstruction occurs when the normal flow of intestinal contents is interrupted. It can be caused by mechanical blockages inside or outside the intestine wall, or by paralysis of intestinal movement. Symptoms include abdominal pain, distention, vomiting, and constipation or diarrhea. Diagnosis involves imaging tests and lab work. Treatment depends on the cause but generally involves correcting fluid and electrolyte imbalances, decompressing the bowel, and sometimes surgery to remove blockages or diseased parts of the intestine. Nursing care focuses on pain management, maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance, and ensuring proper lung ventilation.
Small bowel obstruction and Intestinal Fistulas
Small bowel obstruction is a common surgical condition where the small intestine becomes blocked. The most frequent cause is adhesions from prior abdominal surgery, accounting for up to 75% of cases. Symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and constipation. Diagnosis involves imaging like abdominal x-rays showing dilated bowel loops or CT scans identifying transition points. Treatment depends on the severity and cause but generally involves surgery to remove blockages or adhesions and repair hernias or tumors. Outcomes are good if caught early but mortality rises with delay in surgery or if the obstruction becomes strangulated.
Small bowel obstruction
Small bowel obstruction can occur due to various intraluminal, extramural, or intramural causes that obstruct the lumen. The clinical manifestations include abdominal pain, vomiting, distension, and constipation. Diagnosis involves history, physical exam, abdominal x-rays showing dilated small bowel loops and air-fluid levels. Management depends on the severity and includes supportive care, surgery for complete or strangulated obstructions, or potentially conservative management for some inflammatory causes.
Peptic ulcer complications
collected from multiple general surgery references (2016) like bailey's and loves short practice of surgery , Schwartzs Principles of Surgery, 10th Edition , Schwartzs Principles of Surgery, 10th Edition and Matary's GIT surgery .
Surgical management chronic pancreatitis
1) Chronic pancreatitis is conventionally considered a non-operative disease, but surgery is performed for complications like obstruction and bleeding.
2) Over time, various surgical procedures have been developed for chronic pancreatitis including resections, drainage procedures, and denervation techniques.
3) The optimal procedure depends on factors like duct size and presence of a head mass, with more proximal resections like Frey's procedure and duodenum-preserving resections showing benefits over distal resections in selected patients.
Gastrojejunostomy
Gastrojejunostomy is a surgical procedure that connects the stomach directly to the jejunum. It is indicated for patients with duodenal ulcers complicated by pyloric obstruction or nonresectable stomach or pancreatic cancers causing obstruction. The procedure involves opening the stomach and jejunum, suturing them together to form a stoma, then closing in multiple layers. Postoperatively, gastric emptying is monitored and diet advanced gradually to ensure proper healing.
Imaging of Bowel Obstruction
This document discusses imaging techniques for evaluating bowel obstruction, including radiography and CT. It covers the clinical presentation, imaging features, and causes of gastric, small bowel, and large bowel obstruction. Key points include using CT to identify the location and cause of obstruction, assess for complications like strangulation or closed loop obstruction that may require emergent surgery. The most common causes of small bowel obstruction are adhesions, hernias, and malignancies, while large bowel obstruction is usually due to malignancy, volvulus, or diverticulitis in older patients.
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Benign gastric outlet obstruction
Benign gastric outlet obstruction can result from various benign conditions that cause mechanical impediment to gastric emptying. Peptic ulcer disease, particularly chronic ulcers, was previously a leading cause but has declined with treatment of Helicobacter pylori and use of proton pump inhibitors. Other benign causes include corrosive injury, certain drugs like NSAIDs, and inflammatory conditions of the stomach or duodenum. Patients present with epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves imaging tests and endoscopy. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include endoscopic balloon dilation, surgery such as vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy, or management of the underlying disease in cases of inflammation. Complications can
Gastric outlet obstruction
This document provides an overview of gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). It discusses that GOO can result from benign or malignant causes that obstruct gastric emptying. The most common benign causes are peptic ulcer disease and gastric polyps, while pancreatic cancer is the most common malignant cause. Patients present with nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and dehydration. Diagnosis involves distinguishing mechanical from functional causes, and benign from malignant etiologies. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, with surgery considered for benign cases unresponsive to medical management or in select malignant cases for palliation.
Gastric outlet obstruction
This document provides information on gastric outlet obstruction (GOO), including its definition, causes, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, investigations, and management. It presents the case of a 59-year-old male patient who presented with generalized weakness, postprandial vomiting, and weight loss. Endoscopic biopsy revealed gastric carcinoma known as linitis plastica, resulting in a diagnosis of GOO secondary to gastric malignancy. The document discusses benign and malignant causes of GOO, and the metabolic effects, clinical features, and approach to investigating and initially managing a patient with GOO.
Gastric Outlet Obstruction (GOO)
Gastric Outlet Obstruction Explained By Dr MSI.
Content taken from Bailey n Love Surgery, Schwartz Surgery and Multiple articles.
Complications of peptic ulcer
The document discusses complications of peptic ulcers, including perforation, hemorrhage, gastric outlet obstruction, penetration, and malignant change. Perforation is a common complication that occurs when a weak spot in the stomach or duodenal wall ruptures. Symptoms include severe abdominal pain. Treatment involves surgery to repair the perforation along with antibiotics and resuscitation. Bleeding is another major complication that can range from mild to life-threatening. Symptoms include vomiting blood or black stools. Treatment involves endoscopic methods to stop bleeding along with fluid replacement and medications. Surgery may be needed if bleeding cannot be controlled otherwise or for other complications like perforation.
Surgical treatment for peptic ulcer disease
This document discusses surgical treatments for peptic ulcer disease. It outlines relevant anatomy and physiology, classifications of PUD, indications for surgery, and various surgical options including vagotomy, gastrectomy, Graham's omental patch, and suture ligation of the gastroduodenal artery. Complications are also reviewed. The prognosis is generally satisfactory with operative procedures, though complications can include bleeding, leakage, obstruction, and recurrent ulceration. Delayed treatment increases morbidity and mortality risks.
GI bleeding & Intestinal Obstruction
This document discusses obstructive jaundice and intestinal obstruction. It provides details on a case of a 78-year-old man admitted with abdominal pain and jaundice. Investigation showed gallstones and elevated bilirubin. Management of obstructive jaundice may include cholecystectomy, ERCP, or stenting. Complications include sepsis and liver/renal failure. Intestinal obstruction can be dynamic or adynamic, and may be caused by adhesions, hernias, tumors or impacted feces. Treatment involves decompression, IV fluids, and surgery to remove obstructions or bypass affected areas.
Fwd: Bambury tutorial Upper GI Surgery
---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: UCD Graduate '09 None <ucdgrad09@gmail.com>
Date: 2009/2/12
Subject: Bambury tutorial Upper GI Surgery
To: ucdgrad09@gmail.com
She does not know that we have this so please don't print it and bring it to
the lecture
Perforation
This document describes the case of a 60-year-old female patient presenting with abdominal pain and distension. On examination, she showed signs of peritonitis. Investigations including ultrasound and x-ray revealed free fluid and free gas in the abdomen, suggestive of a hollow viscous perforation. She was diagnosed with a perforated peptic ulcer of the duodenum and underwent exploratory laparotomy and Graham's patch repair. Post-operatively, she improved with treatment and was discharged on the 12th day.
Gastrointestinal obstruction
HI, i am Maitri Doshi, a medical student, showing many different presentations that i made.
It has introduction, causes, signs and symptoms, complications, and diagnosis.
Short and easy to understand about GI obstruction.
Paralytic ileus
Paralytic ileus is an obstruction of the intestine caused by paralysis of the intestinal muscle resulting from physiological, neurogenic, or chemical imbalances rather than mechanical causes. It is the second most common reason for hospital readmission within 30 days of surgery. Symptoms include abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, distention, and constipation. Diagnosis is typically made through x-ray, and management involves bowel rest with NG tube decompression if needed, IV fluid replacement, withholding opioids, and mobilization when possible.
Small intestine perforation
Small intestine perforation- Easy ppt for student nurses
definition
causes
clinical manifestations
diagnostic tests
management of small intestine perforation
Surgical Management of Chronic Pancreatitis
The document discusses surgical management of chronic pancreatitis. It describes various surgical procedures for treating chronic pancreatitis including resection procedures like Whipple procedure, drainage procedures like Puestow's procedure, and hybrid procedures like Frey procedure. Studies have shown that duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection procedures and longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy provide better postoperative outcomes and pain control compared to resection procedures while preserving exocrine and endocrine function. The document concludes that surgery is effective for relieving pain in chronic pancreatitis and duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection procedures have advantages over other surgical options.
Intestinal obstruction
Intestinal obstruction occurs when the downward movement of intestinal contents is arrested. It can be classified based on its pathological cause, level of obstruction, onset and course. Common causes include adhesions, hernias, tumors and strictures. Symptoms depend on the level and type of obstruction and may include pain, distension, vomiting and constipation. Examination findings can provide clues to whether the obstruction is simple, strangulated or closed loop. Further testing is needed to determine the specific cause and appropriate management.
Zollinger – ellison syndrome
This document discusses Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, which is characterized by severe peptic ulcers caused by excessive stomach acid production due to a non-beta cell tumor known as a gastrinoma. It describes the pathophysiology, tumor distribution, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of the condition. The gastrinoma secretes gastrin which stimulates acid secretion, potentially reaching the small intestine and inactivating pancreatic enzymes. Diagnosis involves biochemical tests and imaging to locate the tumor. Treatment options include proton pump inhibitors, somatostatin analogues, and surgery to cure the condition.
Intestinal obstruction
Intestinal obstruction occurs when the normal flow of intestinal contents is interrupted. It can be caused by mechanical blockages inside or outside the intestine wall, or by paralysis of intestinal movement. Symptoms include abdominal pain, distention, vomiting, and constipation or diarrhea. Diagnosis involves imaging tests and lab work. Treatment depends on the cause but generally involves correcting fluid and electrolyte imbalances, decompressing the bowel, and sometimes surgery to remove blockages or diseased parts of the intestine. Nursing care focuses on pain management, maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance, and ensuring proper lung ventilation.
Small bowel obstruction and Intestinal Fistulas
Small bowel obstruction is a common surgical condition where the small intestine becomes blocked. The most frequent cause is adhesions from prior abdominal surgery, accounting for up to 75% of cases. Symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and constipation. Diagnosis involves imaging like abdominal x-rays showing dilated bowel loops or CT scans identifying transition points. Treatment depends on the severity and cause but generally involves surgery to remove blockages or adhesions and repair hernias or tumors. Outcomes are good if caught early but mortality rises with delay in surgery or if the obstruction becomes strangulated.
Small bowel obstruction
Small bowel obstruction can occur due to various intraluminal, extramural, or intramural causes that obstruct the lumen. The clinical manifestations include abdominal pain, vomiting, distension, and constipation. Diagnosis involves history, physical exam, abdominal x-rays showing dilated small bowel loops and air-fluid levels. Management depends on the severity and includes supportive care, surgery for complete or strangulated obstructions, or potentially conservative management for some inflammatory causes.
Peptic ulcer complications
collected from multiple general surgery references (2016) like bailey's and loves short practice of surgery , Schwartzs Principles of Surgery, 10th Edition , Schwartzs Principles of Surgery, 10th Edition and Matary's GIT surgery .
Surgical management chronic pancreatitis
1) Chronic pancreatitis is conventionally considered a non-operative disease, but surgery is performed for complications like obstruction and bleeding.
2) Over time, various surgical procedures have been developed for chronic pancreatitis including resections, drainage procedures, and denervation techniques.
3) The optimal procedure depends on factors like duct size and presence of a head mass, with more proximal resections like Frey's procedure and duodenum-preserving resections showing benefits over distal resections in selected patients.
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Imaging of Bowel Obstruction
This document discusses imaging techniques for evaluating bowel obstruction, including radiography and CT. It covers the clinical presentation, imaging features, and causes of gastric, small bowel, and large bowel obstruction. Key points include using CT to identify the location and cause of obstruction, assess for complications like strangulation or closed loop obstruction that may require emergent surgery. The most common causes of small bowel obstruction are adhesions, hernias, and malignancies, while large bowel obstruction is usually due to malignancy, volvulus, or diverticulitis in older patients.
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Esophagus cancer
This document summarizes key information about cancer of the esophagus. It notes that in 2014 there were 18,170 new esophagus cancer cases in the US, with a lifetime risk of 0.5% and 5-year survival rate of 17.5%. Risk factors include tobacco, alcohol, Barrett's esophagus, obesity, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. The two main types are squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, with adenocarcinoma now more common due to rising obesity rates. Staging involves assessing tumor depth (T), lymph node involvement (N), and metastases (M). Survival rates vary significantly based on cancer type, stage, and treatment received.
Airway Management
This document provides information on various airway management techniques including:
1) Using proper body substance isolation procedures when performing airway techniques.
2) Identifying when artificial ventilation or assisted ventilations are needed.
3) Using airway adjunct devices like oral and nasal airways when appropriate.
Gastric Carcinoma
The document discusses gastric carcinoma (stomach cancer). It provides details on risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic testing including endoscopy, staging, treatment options including surgery, chemotherapy and radiation, complications, and prognostic factors. The highest rates of gastric cancer are seen in Japan, and it is more common in males and older individuals. Infection with H. pylori is a significant risk factor. Endoscopy with biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis. Treatment depends on staging but may include surgery such as total or subtotal gastrectomy. Prognosis depends on depth of invasion and lymph node involvement.
Fluid and electrolyte management
Fluid and electrolyte management is important for perioperative care. Key points include:
1. Body water is divided into intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid. Common IV fluids contain different electrolyte concentrations and osmolarities.
2. Crystalloids expand plasma volume but leave the intravascular space quickly, while colloids remain intravascular longer but do not correct electrolyte deficiencies.
3. Perioperative fluid management aims to replace pre-existing deficits, normal maintenance needs, and abnormal surgical losses like blood loss, third spacing, and insensible losses. Close monitoring of fluid status is important.
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Fluid and electrolyte management in surgical patients.
Fluid and electrolyte management in surgical patients.
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9 narrowing of the stomach
This document discusses various pathologies that can cause narrowing of the stomach. It includes 10 figures showing examples of narrowing caused by scirrhous carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, metastatic pancreatic carcinoma, peptic ulcer disease, Crohn's disease, tuberculosis, phlegmonous gastritis, corrosive stricture from hydrochloric acid ingestion, radiation therapy, and echinococcal cystic disease compressing the stomach from the liver.
11 thickening of gastric folds
This document discusses thickening of gastric folds seen on clinical imaging. It presents 11 figures showing different pathologies that can cause fold thickening, including alcoholic gastritis, hypertrophic gastritis, antral gastritis, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, Ménétrier's disease, lymphoma, gastric carcinoma, gastric varices, amyloidosis, and acute pancreatitis. Each figure demonstrates the pattern of fold thickening associated with a particular condition.
35 narrowing of the colon
This document discusses and provides images of various medical conditions that can cause narrowing of the colon, including:
1. Chronic ulcerative colitis, which causes fibrosis, muscular spasm, and loss of haustral markings in the colon.
2. Benign strictures and ulcerative changes in the colon from chronic ulcerative colitis.
3. Foreshortening and loss of haustra in the colon distal to the hepatic flexure mimicking chronic ulcerative colitis, but representing chronic Crohn's colitis.
6 esophageal filling defects
This document discusses and provides images of different types of esophageal filling defects that can be seen on clinical imaging. It includes examples such as leiomyoma, fibrovascular polyps, inflammatory polyps, various cancers (carcinoma, carcinosarcoma, verrucous squamous cell carcinoma), candida esophagitis, esophageal varices, duplication cysts, and a foreign body (cherry pit). The purpose is to provide visual examples of differential diagnoses for esophageal abnormalities seen on scans.
15 filling defects in the gastric remnant
This document discusses various filling defects that can occur in the gastric remnant after surgery. It describes 7 figures showing examples of different defects, including a suture granuloma appearing as a smooth tumor, a bezoar appearing as a mottled mass, gastric stump carcinoma appearing as an irregular narrowing, and recurrent gastric carcinoma appearing as tumor infiltration narrowing the lumen. It also mentions bile reflux gastritis, jejunogastric intussusception appearing as a large sharply defined filling defect, and gastrojejunal mucosal prolapse appearing as a large partially obstructing mass.
23204904
The document describes an endoscopic retrograde cholangiogram (ERC) image from a 24-year-old female with jaundice. The ERC shows obstruction and dilation of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary tree down to the cystic duct junction, where there is thinning of contrast and an apparent filling defect in the cystic duct. The findings are consistent with Mirizzi syndrome, which is partial or complete obstruction of the common hepatic duct caused by a stone lodged in the distal cystic duct.
62 gastric diseases on computed tomography
This document describes and shows images of various gastric diseases and abnormalities that can be seen on computed tomography scans. It includes descriptions and CT images of early and advanced gastric cancers, lymphoma, metastases, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, leiomyomas, schwannomas, polyps, ulcers, gastritis, emphysema, hernias, and other conditions. The images demonstrate how CT can be used to detect and characterize different gastric diseases based on features such as wall thickening, enhancement, ulceration, obstruction, and involvement of surrounding structures.
44 cystic dilatation of the bile ducts
This document discusses cystic dilatation of the bile ducts and includes 6 figures showing different imaging findings. Figure 44-1 shows a cholangiogram of a choledochal cyst with dilatation of the common bile duct and intrahepatic ducts. Figure 44-2 shows cholangiographic and upper gastrointestinal imaging findings of a choledochocele, which is a bulbous terminal portion of the common bile duct projecting into the duodenum. Figure 44-3 shows imaging of Caroli's disease, while Figure 44-4 shows congenital hepatic fibrosis. Figures 44-5 and 44-6 demonstrate imaging findings of cholangitis and cholangiohepatitis, respectively.
19 duodenal narrowing or obstruction
This document discusses various causes of duodenal narrowing or obstruction and provides corresponding radiographic images. Some key causes mentioned include duodenal atresia seen as a double-bubble sign on imaging, congenital duodenal stenosis seen as small amounts of gas distal to the obstruction, duodenal diaphragms where gas is present distal to the high-grade obstruction, Ladd's bands causing obstruction of the third portion of the duodenum in newborns, and postbulbar ulcers leading to severe narrowing of the second portion of the duodenum. Other causes shown are Crohn's disease, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic pseudocysts, pancreatic and duodenal cancers, intram
29 separation of small bowel loops
Small bowel loops can become separated from each other due to various conditions that cause thickening of the mesentery or small bowel wall. Crohn's disease commonly leads to marked thickening of the mesentery and lymph nodes, producing a lobulated mass that separates small bowel loops. Carcinoid tumors can cause localized separation of loops through fibrotic tethering of the mucosal folds or through a desmoplastic reaction that kinks and angles the bowel. Other conditions like retractile mesenteritis or paraduodenal hernias can also result in separation of small bowel loops due to inflammatory or mechanical factors.
36 filling defects in the colon
This document contains descriptions and images of various filling defects that can occur in the colon as seen on medical imaging. Some of the defects described and shown include colonic polyps, colon cancer, lipomas, lymphomas, familial polyposis, inflammatory pseudopolyposis, fecal impaction, endometriosis, intussusception, hemorrhoids, nodular lymphoid hyperplasia, and colonic urticaria. The document serves as an atlas to aid differential diagnosis of filling defects seen on colon imaging.
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The document discusses gastrointestinal radiology and contains questions and answers about various gastrointestinal conditions and imaging findings. Question 226 asks which finding on helical CT with dynamic bolus contrast enhancement is the best prognostic indicator of acute pancreatitis. The correct answer is the presence of pancreatic necrosis.
43 bile duct narrowing or obstruction
The document discusses various causes of narrowing or obstruction of the bile duct, including cholangiocarcinoma, Klatskin tumor, ampullary carcinoma, carcinoma of the head of the pancreas, colon cancer metastases, granular cell tumor, primary sclerosing cholangitis, cholangiolitic hepatitis, chronic pancreatitis, benign strictures post-surgery, and congenital membranous diaphragms. It provides images of each condition illustrating the characteristic appearance of bile duct narrowing or obstruction.
Annular Pancreas: An Unusual Presentation
Annular pancreas is an uncommon condition in adults.
The ring formation generally originates from the failure of
normal clockwise rotation of ventral pancreas. First
described by Tiedmann in 1818, its incidence is
1:20,000 population. It has bimodal presentation i.e is seen
either in Infants or in 4th & 5th decade of life.
17 duodenal filling defects
This document describes and shows images of different types of filling defects that can occur in the duodenum, including large blood clots, feeding tubes, Brunner's gland hyperplasia, lymphoid hyperplasia, heterotopic gastric mucosa, papillary tumors, choledochoceles, pancreatic pseudocysts, duodenal varices, intramural hematomas, and villous adenomas. Each type of filling defect is illustrated with an endoscopic or imaging example.
56 renal calcification
This document contains 10 figures showing different types of renal calcification seen on medical imaging. It includes examples of staghorn calculi, nephrocalcinosis due to milk-alkali syndrome, medullary sponge kidney, renal cell carcinoma with calcification, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis with ureteral calculi, calcified renal artery aneurysm, renal milk of calcium in a cyst, and a congenital multicystic kidney with peripheral calcification. The figures demonstrate how calcifications appear on x-rays, CT scans, and urograms and can help to differentiate various renal pathologies.
56 renal calcification
This document contains 10 figures showing different types of renal calcification seen on medical imaging. It includes examples of staghorn calculi, nephrocalcinosis due to milk-alkali syndrome, medullary sponge kidney, renal cell carcinoma with calcification, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis with ureteral calculi, a calcified renal artery aneurysm, renal "milk of calcium" sediment in a cyst, and a congenital multicystic kidney with peripheral calcification. The figures demonstrate how calcifications appear on plain radiographs, urograms, and angiograms and can help to differentiate various renal pathologies.
2 extrinsic impressions on the cervical esophagus
Three common impressions can occur on the cervical esophagus: the cricopharyngeal impression, pharyngeal venous plexus, and esophageal webs. Esophageal webs can result from healing of subepidermal blisters from conditions like epidermolysis bullosa. Benign mucous membrane pemphigus can also cause post-inflammatory scarring and esophageal narrowing mimicking cancer. Other extrinsic impressions include anterior osteophytes from cervical spine issues or enlargement of the thyroid gland pressing on the esophagus. Ectopic gastric mucosa can also cause a persistent ring-like narrowing in the upper esophagus.
23 small bowel obstruction
Small bowel obstruction can have various causes as shown in the images, including carcinomas, gallstones, bezoars, intussusceptions, meconium ileus, and ileal atresia. The images demonstrate typical presentations of small bowel obstruction on x-rays as well as specific examples like a jejunal carcinoma causing proximal dilatation, an obstructing gallstone, and a bezoar blocking the small intestine. They also show findings of intussusception, meconium ileus with soap-bubble appearance, and microcolon associated with ileal atresia.
Chronic Pancreatitis (Lab and Instrumental Diagnosis).pptx
Laboratory and instrumental investigations of chronic pancreatitis.
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This is one of the best pictoral review of important joint dislocations
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Renal Color Doppler Ultrasound.
After studying this presentation one will be able to perform and interpret ultrasound.
This presntation in my opinion is best short analog to text.
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Bone age assessment is performed to evaluate growth in pediatric patients and diagnose endocrine disorders. It relies on visual evaluation of hand and wrist skeletal development compared to standard references. Key applications include diagnosing growth disorders and predicting final adult height. Skeletal development is divided into stages from infancy to post-puberty based on characteristics like appearance of ossification centers and epiphyseal fusion. Bone age is assessed by comparing a patient's hand and wrist radiograph to standardized images for their age and sex.
Role of medical imaging in developemental dysplasia of Hip Dr muhammad Bin Zu...
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In this presentation we will discuss the role of medical imaging---plain Radiography, Ultrasound,Arthrography, CT and MRI in the evaluation of Developemental dysplasia of hip. Our main focuss will be on Sonographic evaluation.Trauma axial skeleton Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
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This is a chapter from Grainger and Allison. I have Coolected all images from chapter 21 with caption in this presentation.
In my opinion it will be very benificial to have this in your android.
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This presentation is the first series of the MR imaging of Knee.
In this presentation MRI anatomy has been discussed. As we all know good knowledge of medical imaging three dimensional anatomy is key for good reporting.
Hope we all get benifitted.
Suggestions are most welcome
20 congenital heart disease Dr. Muhammmad Bin Zulfiqar
This is a chapter from Grainger and Allison. I have Coolected all images from chapter 20 with caption in this presentation.
In my opinion it will be very benificial to have this in your android. ,
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This presentation is almost a complete Pictoral view of Radiograph chest.
This presentation will help radiologist in daily reporting.
This presentation will help physicians, surgeons, anesthetist and almost all medical professionals in diagnosing commonly presenting cardiac diseases.
This will also help all in preparaing TOACS examination.
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This is a chapter from Grainger and Allison. I have Coolected all images from chapter 19 with caption in this presentation.
In my opinion it will be very benificial to have this in your android. ,
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This document provides an overview of common pediatric brain tumors located in the posterior fossa (infratentorial region). It discusses the most frequently used MRI sequences for evaluating these tumors and provides clinical and imaging features of the most common tumor types, including medulloblastoma, ependymoma, pilocytic astrocytoma, and brainstem glioma. Differential diagnoses are also reviewed. Key sequences discussed are T1WI, T2WI, FLAIR, DWI, and post-contrast T1WI. Common features and imaging findings are highlighted for each tumor type in 1-3 sentences.
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This document lists and briefly describes several eponymous fractures. Some of the fractures described include:
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- Segond fracture - A proximal tibial epiphysis fracture associated with anterior cruciate ligament rupture.
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The document provides brief 1-2 sentence descriptions of over 30 different eponymous fractures. It includes diagrams to illustrate some of the fracture patterns.
18 Airspace Diseases Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
In this presentation all images of Chapter 18 from Grainger and Allison have been discussed.
Our aim is to discuss authentic material .
This is only for educational purposes.
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This is a pictoral review.
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This presentation provides sufficient material for anyone who wants is interested in interventional radiology. Here we will discuss the available facilities, mechanisms and equipments.
In my opinion this presentation will prove a footstep in interventional radiology
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
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Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
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Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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12 gastric outlet obstruction
- 2. CLINICAL IMAGAGING AN ATLAS OF DIFFERENTIAL DAIGNOSIS EISENBERG DR. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar PGR-FCPS III SIMS/SHL
- 3. • Fig GI 12-1 Peptic ulcer disease. The mottled density of nonopaque material represents excessive overnight gastric residue.
- 4. • Fig GI 12-2 Annular constricting carcinoma of the stomach (arrow).
- 5. • Fig GI 12-3 Crohn's disease.
- 6. • Fig GI 12-4 Corrosive gastritis
- 7. • Fig GI 12-5 Acute pancreatitis. (A) Complete gastric outlet obstruction. (B) As the acute inflammatory process subsides, some barium passes through the severely spastic and narrowed second portion of the duodenum (arrows).
- 8. • Fig GI 12-6 Antral mucosal diaphragm (arrow).
- 9. • Fig GI 12-7 Duodenal duplication. Extrinsic mass indenting and partially obstructing the gastric antrum, pylorus, and duodenum. This 5-year-old boy was asymptomatic but had a palpable epigastric mass.24
- 10. • Fig GI 12-8 Organoaxial volvulus.
- 11. • Fig GI 12-9 Adult hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.