The document discusses two polynomial theorems:
1) The Remainder Theorem states that if a polynomial P(x) is divided by (x - a), the remainder is P(a). This is proven through algebraic manipulation.
2) The Factor Theorem states that if (x - a) is a factor of a polynomial P(x), then P(a) = 0. An example demonstrates finding a factor of a polynomial and factorizing it.
3.4 looking for real roots of real polynomialsmath260
The document discusses three theorems for finding real roots of real polynomials:
Descartes' Rule of Signs determines the possible number of positive or negative roots based on the variation in signs of coefficients. The Theorem of Bounds provides an interval where all real roots must reside. The Theorem of Rational Roots gives possible rational roots for polynomials with integer coefficients. Examples are provided to demonstrate applying the theorems.
The document discusses three rules regarding the factorization of polynomials based on their real zeros:
1. If a polynomial P(x) has k distinct real zeros a1, a2, ..., ak, then (x - a1)(x - a2)...(x - ak) is a factor of P(x).
2. If a polynomial P(x) has degree n and n distinct real zeros a1, a2, ..., an, then P(x) = (x - a1)(x - a2)...(x - an).
3. A polynomial of degree n can have no more than n distinct real zeros.
An example shows factorizing a 4th degree
The document discusses factorable polynomials and how to graph them. It defines a factorable polynomial as one that can be written as the product of linear factors using real numbers. For large values of x, the leading term of a polynomial dominates so the graph resembles that of the leading term. To graph a factorable polynomial, one first graphs the individual factors like x^n and then combines them, which gives smooth curves tending to the graphs of the leading terms for large x.
The document discusses the difference quotient formula for calculating the slope of a cord connecting two points (x, f(x)) and (x+h, f(x+h)) on a function graph. It defines the difference quotient as (f(x+h) - f(x))/h, which calculates the slope as the change in y-values (f(x+h) - f(x)) over the change in x-values (h). An example calculates the slope of the cord connecting the points (2, f(2)) and (2.2, f(2.2)) on the function f(x) = x^2 - 2x + 2.
The document discusses various transformations that can be performed on graphs of functions, including vertical translations, stretches and compressions, and vertical reflections. Vertical translations move the graph up or down by adding or subtracting a constant value to the output. Stretches and compressions multiply the output by a constant value greater than or less than 1, respectively. Reflecting the output about the x-axis vertically reflects the entire graph. These transformations can be represented by modifying the original function definition.
This document discusses how to graph factorable polynomials by identifying the roots and their orders from the polynomial expression, making a sign chart, sketching the graph around each root based on the order, and connecting the pieces to obtain the full graph. As an example, it identifies the roots x=0, x=-2, and x=3 of order 1, 2, and 2 respectively from the polynomial P(x)=-x(x+2)2(x-3)2, makes the sign chart, and sketches the graph around each root to ultimately connect them into the full graph of P(x).
The document discusses rational expressions, which are expressions of the form P/Q where P and Q are polynomials. Polynomials are expressions involving powers of variables with numerical coefficients. Rational expressions include polynomials as a special case where P is viewed as P/1. They can be written in expanded or factored form. The factored form is useful for solving equations, determining the domain of valid inputs, evaluating expressions, and determining the sign of outputs. The domain excludes values that would make the denominator equal to 0. Solutions to equations involving rational expressions are the zeros of the numerator polynomial P.
t5 graphs of trig functions and inverse trig functionsmath260
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
3.4 looking for real roots of real polynomialsmath260
The document discusses three theorems for finding real roots of real polynomials:
Descartes' Rule of Signs determines the possible number of positive or negative roots based on the variation in signs of coefficients. The Theorem of Bounds provides an interval where all real roots must reside. The Theorem of Rational Roots gives possible rational roots for polynomials with integer coefficients. Examples are provided to demonstrate applying the theorems.
The document discusses three rules regarding the factorization of polynomials based on their real zeros:
1. If a polynomial P(x) has k distinct real zeros a1, a2, ..., ak, then (x - a1)(x - a2)...(x - ak) is a factor of P(x).
2. If a polynomial P(x) has degree n and n distinct real zeros a1, a2, ..., an, then P(x) = (x - a1)(x - a2)...(x - an).
3. A polynomial of degree n can have no more than n distinct real zeros.
An example shows factorizing a 4th degree
The document discusses factorable polynomials and how to graph them. It defines a factorable polynomial as one that can be written as the product of linear factors using real numbers. For large values of x, the leading term of a polynomial dominates so the graph resembles that of the leading term. To graph a factorable polynomial, one first graphs the individual factors like x^n and then combines them, which gives smooth curves tending to the graphs of the leading terms for large x.
The document discusses the difference quotient formula for calculating the slope of a cord connecting two points (x, f(x)) and (x+h, f(x+h)) on a function graph. It defines the difference quotient as (f(x+h) - f(x))/h, which calculates the slope as the change in y-values (f(x+h) - f(x)) over the change in x-values (h). An example calculates the slope of the cord connecting the points (2, f(2)) and (2.2, f(2.2)) on the function f(x) = x^2 - 2x + 2.
The document discusses various transformations that can be performed on graphs of functions, including vertical translations, stretches and compressions, and vertical reflections. Vertical translations move the graph up or down by adding or subtracting a constant value to the output. Stretches and compressions multiply the output by a constant value greater than or less than 1, respectively. Reflecting the output about the x-axis vertically reflects the entire graph. These transformations can be represented by modifying the original function definition.
This document discusses how to graph factorable polynomials by identifying the roots and their orders from the polynomial expression, making a sign chart, sketching the graph around each root based on the order, and connecting the pieces to obtain the full graph. As an example, it identifies the roots x=0, x=-2, and x=3 of order 1, 2, and 2 respectively from the polynomial P(x)=-x(x+2)2(x-3)2, makes the sign chart, and sketches the graph around each root to ultimately connect them into the full graph of P(x).
The document discusses rational expressions, which are expressions of the form P/Q where P and Q are polynomials. Polynomials are expressions involving powers of variables with numerical coefficients. Rational expressions include polynomials as a special case where P is viewed as P/1. They can be written in expanded or factored form. The factored form is useful for solving equations, determining the domain of valid inputs, evaluating expressions, and determining the sign of outputs. The domain excludes values that would make the denominator equal to 0. Solutions to equations involving rational expressions are the zeros of the numerator polynomial P.
t5 graphs of trig functions and inverse trig functionsmath260
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
3.3 graphs of factorable polynomials and rational functionsmath265
The document discusses graphs of factorable polynomials. It begins by showing examples of graphs of even and odd degree polynomials like y=x2, y=x4, y=x3, and y=-x5. It then explains that the graphs of polynomials are smooth, unbroken curves. For large values of x, the leading term of a polynomial dominates and determines the graph's behavior. Based on the leading term and whether the degree is even or odd, the graph exhibits one of four behaviors as x approaches infinity. The document demonstrates how to construct the sign chart of a polynomial from its roots and use it to sketch the central portion of the graph. It provides an example of sketching the graph of y=x
The document discusses calculating the slope of a curve between two points (x, f(x)) and (x+h, f(x+h)) using the difference quotient formula. It defines the difference quotient as (f(x+h) - f(x))/h, where h is the difference between x and x+h. An example calculates the slope between the points (2, f(2)) and (2.2, f(2.2)) for the function f(x) = x^2 - 2x + 2, finding the slope to be 0.44.
The remainder theorem states that when a polynomial f(x) is divided by a linear expression (x - a), the remainder is f(a).
Some key points:
- If x - a is a factor of f(x), then f(a) = 0 according to the factor theorem
- Examples show using the remainder theorem to find the remainder when an expression is divided
- The factor theorem states that x - a is a factor of f(x) if and only if f(a) = 0
- Examples demonstrate determining if an expression is a factor and finding all factors
Remainder theorem and factorization of polynomialssusoigto
The remainder theorem states that the remainder of dividing a polynomial P(x) by (x-a) is equal to P(a). Some examples of using the remainder theorem to find the remainder of polynomial divisions are worked out. The document also discusses that a number a is a root of a polynomial P(x) if P(a) equals 0. If a is a root, then (x-a) is a factor of the polynomial P(x). Examples of finding roots and corresponding factors of polynomials are provided.
14 graphs of factorable rational functions xmath260
The document discusses graphs of rational functions. It defines rational functions as functions of the form R(x) = P(x)/Q(x) where P(x) and Q(x) are polynomials. It describes how vertical asymptotes occur where the denominator Q(x) is zero. The graph runs along either side of vertical asymptotes, going up or down depending on the sign chart. There are four cases for how the graph behaves at a vertical asymptote. The document uses examples to illustrate graphing rational functions and determining vertical asymptotes. It also mentions horizontal asymptotes will be discussed.
The document discusses graphing quadratic functions. It defines a quadratic function as f(x) = ax^2 + bx + c where a, b, and c are real numbers and a is not equal to 0. The graph of a quadratic function is a parabola that is symmetrical about an axis. When the leading coefficient a is positive, the parabola opens upward and the vertex is a minimum. When a is negative, the parabola opens downward and the vertex is a maximum. Standard forms for quadratic functions and methods for finding characteristics like the vertex, axis of symmetry, and x-intercepts from the equation are also presented.
The document discusses the Remainder Theorem and using it to find the value of a polynomial P(x) at a given point c. It provides examples of using synthetic division and the Factor Theorem to factor polynomials and determine if (x-c) is a factor based on whether c is a root. Exercises provide additional problems applying these concepts to find remainders, factor polynomials, and solve for constants.
The document discusses sign charts and inequalities. It explains how to determine if an expression is positive or negative when evaluated with different values of x. It provides examples of factoring expressions like x^2 - 2x - 3 to determine the signs. The key steps to create a sign chart are: 1) solve for f=0, 2) mark solutions on a number line, 3) sample points in each segment to determine the sign. A sign chart graphically shows the regions where an expression is positive, negative or zero.
The document discusses various transformations that can be performed on graphs of functions, including vertical translations, stretches, and compressions. Vertical translations move the entire graph up or down by adding or subtracting a constant to the function. Stretches elongate or compress the graph vertically by multiplying the function by a constant greater than or less than 1, respectively. These transformations can be represented by modifying the original function in a way that corresponds to the geometric transformation of its graph.
This document discusses limit laws and theorems for computing limits. It provides 10 limit laws for operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, powers, and roots. It also covers the direct substitution property, that limits can be found by substituting the point into the function if it is defined, and two important theorems: that limits can be compared if one function is always less than or equal to another, and the squeeze/sandwich theorem which allows limits to be found if a function is squeezed between two others with known limits. Examples are provided to illustrate finding limits through algebraic manipulation and using these theorems.
- The order of a root of a polynomial is the number of times the root repeats.
- The polynomial x5 + 2x4 + x3 has two roots, x = 0 with order 3 and x = -1 with order 2.
- In general, polynomials of the form k(x - c1)m(x - c2)m...(x - cn)m have roots x = c1 with order m1, x = c2 with order m2, and so on.
The document discusses sign charts and inequalities. It provides examples of determining the sign (positive or negative) of expressions for given values of x. Specifically, it explains how to:
1. Factor polynomials or rational expressions to determine sign.
2. Construct a sign chart by solving for f=0, marking those values on a number line, and testing points in each segment.
3. Use a sign chart to indicate where an expression like f=x^2 - 3x - 4 is equal to 0, positive, or negative based on the value of x.
The document discusses Maclaurin expansions, which are polynomials that can be used to approximate functions around a point using their derivatives. Specifically:
- Maclaurin polynomials (Mac-polys) are polynomials whose derivatives up to a given degree n match the derivatives of the target function at the point of expansion.
- The Maclaurin series (Mac-series) is a power series with an infinite number of terms whose derivatives match the target function at the point of expansion.
- Examples are provided of calculating the Mac-polys and Mac-series for basic functions using their definitions in terms of derivatives evaluated at the point of expansion.
The document discusses sign charts of factorable polynomials. A polynomial is factorable if it can be written as the product of linear factors. The sign chart of a factorable polynomial follows an important rule: if a root has an even order, the signs are the same on both sides; if a root has an odd order, the signs are different on both sides. This is called the even/odd-order sign rule. An example demonstrates finding the sign chart of a polynomial by identifying the roots and their orders, and then applying the sign rule.
The document discusses the Remainder Theorem and Factor Theorem. The Remainder Theorem states that if a polynomial p(x) is divided by a factor x - a, the remainder will be zero if x - a is a factor of p(x). The Factor Theorem is the reverse - if dividing a polynomial by x = a gives a zero remainder, then x - a is a factor of the polynomial. Both theorems relate the remainder of polynomial division to the factors of the polynomial.
The document discusses quadratic functions and parabolas. It defines quadratic functions as functions of the form y = ax2 + bx + c, where a ≠ 0. Parabolas are the graphs of quadratic functions and have certain properties: they are symmetric about a center line, with the highest/lowest point (called the vertex) sitting on the center line. The vertex position can be found using the formula x = -b/2a. Examples are given of finding the vertex and graphing parabolas.
The document discusses two polynomial theorems:
1) The Remainder Theorem states that if a polynomial P(x) is divided by (x - a), the remainder is P(a). This is proven through algebraic manipulation.
2) The Factor Theorem states that if (x - a) is a factor of a polynomial P(x), then P(a) = 0. An example demonstrates finding a factor of a polynomial and factorizing it.
The document discusses the factor theorem and how to determine if a polynomial is a factor of another polynomial. It provides examples of using the factor theorem to show that (x + 1) is a factor of 2x^3 + 5x^2 - 3 and that (x - 2) is a factor of x^4 + x^3 - x^2 - x - 18. It also gives an example of finding a polynomial function given its zeros as -2, 1, -1. The document provides exercises for using the factor theorem to determine unknown values in polynomials.
The document discusses three rules regarding the factorization of polynomials based on their real zeros:
1. If a polynomial P(x) has k distinct real zeros a1, a2, ..., ak, then (x - a1)(x - a2)...(x - ak) is a factor of P(x).
2. If a polynomial P(x) has degree n and n distinct real zeros a1, a2, ..., an, then P(x) = (x - a1)(x - a2)...(x - an).
3. A polynomial of degree n can have no more than n distinct real zeros.
An example shows factorizing a 4th degree
The document discusses three rules regarding the factorization of polynomials based on their real zeros:
1. If a polynomial P(x) has k distinct real zeros a1, a2, ..., ak, then (x - a1)(x - a2)...(x - ak) is a factor of P(x).
2. If a polynomial P(x) has degree n and n distinct real zeros a1, a2, ..., an, then P(x) = (x - a1)(x - a2)...(x - an).
3. A polynomial of degree n can have no more than n distinct real zeros.
An example shows factorizing a 4th degree
The document discusses three rules regarding the factorization of polynomials based on their real zeros:
1. If a polynomial P(x) has k distinct real zeros a1, a2, ..., ak, then (x - a1)(x - a2)...(x - ak) is a factor of P(x).
2. If a polynomial P(x) has degree n and n distinct real zeros a1, a2, ..., an, then P(x) = (x - a1)(x - a2)...(x - an).
3. A polynomial of degree n can have no more than n distinct real zeros.
An example shows factorizing a 4th degree
To summarize the key steps for factoring polynomials:
1. Determine possible integer roots by finding the divisors of the constant term.
2. Use the remainder theorem or Ruffini's rule to check if an integer is a root by dividing the polynomial by (x - a) and checking if the remainder is zero.
3. Integer roots that produce a zero remainder are factors of the polynomial. Repeating this process allows one to fully factor the polynomial into linear terms.
3.3 graphs of factorable polynomials and rational functionsmath265
The document discusses graphs of factorable polynomials. It begins by showing examples of graphs of even and odd degree polynomials like y=x2, y=x4, y=x3, and y=-x5. It then explains that the graphs of polynomials are smooth, unbroken curves. For large values of x, the leading term of a polynomial dominates and determines the graph's behavior. Based on the leading term and whether the degree is even or odd, the graph exhibits one of four behaviors as x approaches infinity. The document demonstrates how to construct the sign chart of a polynomial from its roots and use it to sketch the central portion of the graph. It provides an example of sketching the graph of y=x
The document discusses calculating the slope of a curve between two points (x, f(x)) and (x+h, f(x+h)) using the difference quotient formula. It defines the difference quotient as (f(x+h) - f(x))/h, where h is the difference between x and x+h. An example calculates the slope between the points (2, f(2)) and (2.2, f(2.2)) for the function f(x) = x^2 - 2x + 2, finding the slope to be 0.44.
The remainder theorem states that when a polynomial f(x) is divided by a linear expression (x - a), the remainder is f(a).
Some key points:
- If x - a is a factor of f(x), then f(a) = 0 according to the factor theorem
- Examples show using the remainder theorem to find the remainder when an expression is divided
- The factor theorem states that x - a is a factor of f(x) if and only if f(a) = 0
- Examples demonstrate determining if an expression is a factor and finding all factors
Remainder theorem and factorization of polynomialssusoigto
The remainder theorem states that the remainder of dividing a polynomial P(x) by (x-a) is equal to P(a). Some examples of using the remainder theorem to find the remainder of polynomial divisions are worked out. The document also discusses that a number a is a root of a polynomial P(x) if P(a) equals 0. If a is a root, then (x-a) is a factor of the polynomial P(x). Examples of finding roots and corresponding factors of polynomials are provided.
14 graphs of factorable rational functions xmath260
The document discusses graphs of rational functions. It defines rational functions as functions of the form R(x) = P(x)/Q(x) where P(x) and Q(x) are polynomials. It describes how vertical asymptotes occur where the denominator Q(x) is zero. The graph runs along either side of vertical asymptotes, going up or down depending on the sign chart. There are four cases for how the graph behaves at a vertical asymptote. The document uses examples to illustrate graphing rational functions and determining vertical asymptotes. It also mentions horizontal asymptotes will be discussed.
The document discusses graphing quadratic functions. It defines a quadratic function as f(x) = ax^2 + bx + c where a, b, and c are real numbers and a is not equal to 0. The graph of a quadratic function is a parabola that is symmetrical about an axis. When the leading coefficient a is positive, the parabola opens upward and the vertex is a minimum. When a is negative, the parabola opens downward and the vertex is a maximum. Standard forms for quadratic functions and methods for finding characteristics like the vertex, axis of symmetry, and x-intercepts from the equation are also presented.
The document discusses the Remainder Theorem and using it to find the value of a polynomial P(x) at a given point c. It provides examples of using synthetic division and the Factor Theorem to factor polynomials and determine if (x-c) is a factor based on whether c is a root. Exercises provide additional problems applying these concepts to find remainders, factor polynomials, and solve for constants.
The document discusses sign charts and inequalities. It explains how to determine if an expression is positive or negative when evaluated with different values of x. It provides examples of factoring expressions like x^2 - 2x - 3 to determine the signs. The key steps to create a sign chart are: 1) solve for f=0, 2) mark solutions on a number line, 3) sample points in each segment to determine the sign. A sign chart graphically shows the regions where an expression is positive, negative or zero.
The document discusses various transformations that can be performed on graphs of functions, including vertical translations, stretches, and compressions. Vertical translations move the entire graph up or down by adding or subtracting a constant to the function. Stretches elongate or compress the graph vertically by multiplying the function by a constant greater than or less than 1, respectively. These transformations can be represented by modifying the original function in a way that corresponds to the geometric transformation of its graph.
This document discusses limit laws and theorems for computing limits. It provides 10 limit laws for operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, powers, and roots. It also covers the direct substitution property, that limits can be found by substituting the point into the function if it is defined, and two important theorems: that limits can be compared if one function is always less than or equal to another, and the squeeze/sandwich theorem which allows limits to be found if a function is squeezed between two others with known limits. Examples are provided to illustrate finding limits through algebraic manipulation and using these theorems.
- The order of a root of a polynomial is the number of times the root repeats.
- The polynomial x5 + 2x4 + x3 has two roots, x = 0 with order 3 and x = -1 with order 2.
- In general, polynomials of the form k(x - c1)m(x - c2)m...(x - cn)m have roots x = c1 with order m1, x = c2 with order m2, and so on.
The document discusses sign charts and inequalities. It provides examples of determining the sign (positive or negative) of expressions for given values of x. Specifically, it explains how to:
1. Factor polynomials or rational expressions to determine sign.
2. Construct a sign chart by solving for f=0, marking those values on a number line, and testing points in each segment.
3. Use a sign chart to indicate where an expression like f=x^2 - 3x - 4 is equal to 0, positive, or negative based on the value of x.
The document discusses Maclaurin expansions, which are polynomials that can be used to approximate functions around a point using their derivatives. Specifically:
- Maclaurin polynomials (Mac-polys) are polynomials whose derivatives up to a given degree n match the derivatives of the target function at the point of expansion.
- The Maclaurin series (Mac-series) is a power series with an infinite number of terms whose derivatives match the target function at the point of expansion.
- Examples are provided of calculating the Mac-polys and Mac-series for basic functions using their definitions in terms of derivatives evaluated at the point of expansion.
The document discusses sign charts of factorable polynomials. A polynomial is factorable if it can be written as the product of linear factors. The sign chart of a factorable polynomial follows an important rule: if a root has an even order, the signs are the same on both sides; if a root has an odd order, the signs are different on both sides. This is called the even/odd-order sign rule. An example demonstrates finding the sign chart of a polynomial by identifying the roots and their orders, and then applying the sign rule.
The document discusses the Remainder Theorem and Factor Theorem. The Remainder Theorem states that if a polynomial p(x) is divided by a factor x - a, the remainder will be zero if x - a is a factor of p(x). The Factor Theorem is the reverse - if dividing a polynomial by x = a gives a zero remainder, then x - a is a factor of the polynomial. Both theorems relate the remainder of polynomial division to the factors of the polynomial.
The document discusses quadratic functions and parabolas. It defines quadratic functions as functions of the form y = ax2 + bx + c, where a ≠ 0. Parabolas are the graphs of quadratic functions and have certain properties: they are symmetric about a center line, with the highest/lowest point (called the vertex) sitting on the center line. The vertex position can be found using the formula x = -b/2a. Examples are given of finding the vertex and graphing parabolas.
The document discusses two polynomial theorems:
1) The Remainder Theorem states that if a polynomial P(x) is divided by (x - a), the remainder is P(a). This is proven through algebraic manipulation.
2) The Factor Theorem states that if (x - a) is a factor of a polynomial P(x), then P(a) = 0. An example demonstrates finding a factor of a polynomial and factorizing it.
The document discusses the factor theorem and how to determine if a polynomial is a factor of another polynomial. It provides examples of using the factor theorem to show that (x + 1) is a factor of 2x^3 + 5x^2 - 3 and that (x - 2) is a factor of x^4 + x^3 - x^2 - x - 18. It also gives an example of finding a polynomial function given its zeros as -2, 1, -1. The document provides exercises for using the factor theorem to determine unknown values in polynomials.
The document discusses three rules regarding the factorization of polynomials based on their real zeros:
1. If a polynomial P(x) has k distinct real zeros a1, a2, ..., ak, then (x - a1)(x - a2)...(x - ak) is a factor of P(x).
2. If a polynomial P(x) has degree n and n distinct real zeros a1, a2, ..., an, then P(x) = (x - a1)(x - a2)...(x - an).
3. A polynomial of degree n can have no more than n distinct real zeros.
An example shows factorizing a 4th degree
The document discusses three rules regarding the factorization of polynomials based on their real zeros:
1. If a polynomial P(x) has k distinct real zeros a1, a2, ..., ak, then (x - a1)(x - a2)...(x - ak) is a factor of P(x).
2. If a polynomial P(x) has degree n and n distinct real zeros a1, a2, ..., an, then P(x) = (x - a1)(x - a2)...(x - an).
3. A polynomial of degree n can have no more than n distinct real zeros.
An example shows factorizing a 4th degree
The document discusses three rules regarding the factorization of polynomials based on their real zeros:
1. If a polynomial P(x) has k distinct real zeros a1, a2, ..., ak, then (x - a1)(x - a2)...(x - ak) is a factor of P(x).
2. If a polynomial P(x) has degree n and n distinct real zeros a1, a2, ..., an, then P(x) = (x - a1)(x - a2)...(x - an).
3. A polynomial of degree n can have no more than n distinct real zeros.
An example shows factorizing a 4th degree
To summarize the key steps for factoring polynomials:
1. Determine possible integer roots by finding the divisors of the constant term.
2. Use the remainder theorem or Ruffini's rule to check if an integer is a root by dividing the polynomial by (x - a) and checking if the remainder is zero.
3. Integer roots that produce a zero remainder are factors of the polynomial. Repeating this process allows one to fully factor the polynomial into linear terms.
This document discusses various methods for finding the zeros or roots of polynomial functions, including factoring, factor theorem, synthetic division, and using the principle that every polynomial of degree n has n zeros. It provides examples of finding the zeros of polynomials by factorization, using a given zero to find other zeros through synthetic division, and identifying which numbers are zeros of various polynomials. Exercises are included for students to practice finding remaining zeros given one zero and identifying polynomial factors.
This document discusses partial fraction decompositions, which are used to integrate rational functions. It explains that a rational function P(x)/Q(x), where P and Q are polynomials, can be broken down into a sum of simpler rational formulas where the denominators are the factors of Q(x) according to the partial fraction decomposition theorem. Two methods are used to find the exact decomposition: evaluating at the roots of the least common denominator, and matching coefficients after expanding. Examples are provided to illustrate decomposing different types of rational functions.
The document discusses polynomials and their properties. It contains three key points:
1) If a factor of a polynomial P(x) is (x - a), then P(a) = 0. This means that if x = a is a root of the polynomial, then the polynomial is equal to 0 at that value.
2) If a polynomial P(x) has a root x = a with multiplicity m, then the derivative of P(x), P'(x), will have a root x = a with multiplicity m - 1. This is proven using properties of derivatives.
3) An example problem is worked through to demonstrate finding the double root of a polynomial using the previous property
The document discusses properties of polynomials. It states that if a factor (x - a) divides a polynomial P(x), then P(a) = 0. It also proves that if a polynomial P(x) has a root x = a with multiplicity m, then the derivative of P(x), P'(x), will have a root x = a with multiplicity m - 1. Examples are provided to illustrate these concepts.
The document discusses properties of polynomials. It states that if a factor (x - a) divides a polynomial P(x), then P(a) = 0. It also proves that if a polynomial P(x) has a root x = a with multiplicity m, then the derivative of P(x), P'(x), will have a root x = a with multiplicity m - 1. Examples are provided to illustrate these concepts.
The document discusses properties of polynomials. It states that if a factor (x - a) divides a polynomial P(x), then P(a) = 0. It also proves that if a polynomial P(x) has a root x = a with multiplicity m, then the derivative of P(x), P'(x), will have a root x = a with multiplicity m - 1. Examples are provided to illustrate these concepts.
Zeroes, also called roots, of a function are input values that produce an output of zero. The zeroes of a polynomial function P(x) can be found by factoring P(x) into its linear factors. A polynomial of degree n will have n complex zeroes. A zero is considered a multiple zero if its linear factor repeats, increasing the zero's multiplicity. The Rational Zero Theorem states that if a polynomial with rational coefficients has rational zeroes, they must be integers that are factors of the constant term divided by factors of the leading coefficient.
This document discusses algebraic fractions and polynomials. It covers dividing polynomials by monomials and other polynomials. The key steps of polynomial long division and Ruffini's rule for polynomial division are explained. Finding the quotient, remainder, and whether a polynomial is divisible are discussed. Finding the roots of polynomials and using the remainder theorem are also covered. Various techniques for factorizing polynomials are presented, including taking out common factors, using identities, the fundamental theorem of algebra, and Ruffini's rule.
The document discusses sign charts of factorable polynomials and rational expressions. It defines a factorable polynomial as one that can be written as the product of real linear factors. An example polynomial is fully factored. Roots of the polynomial are defined as the values making each linear factor equal to zero. The order of a root is defined as the power of the corresponding factor. The Even/Odd-Order Sign Rule is stated: for a factorable polynomial, signs are the same on both sides of an even-ordered root and different on both sides of an odd-ordered root. An example sign chart is constructed applying this rule.
1. This document provides an overview of key probability and statistics concepts covered on actuarial exams P and FM.
2. It covers topics like probability spaces, random variables, expectations, distributions, and functions including CDFs, PDFs, moments, and transformations.
3. Formulas and properties are presented for concepts like independence, conditional probability, multivariate distributions, the central limit theorem, and more.
1) The document defines different types of polynomials including linear, quadratic, and cubic polynomials. It gives examples of each type.
2) Key information about polynomials includes that the degree refers to the highest power of the variable, and that a polynomial's zeros are the values where it equals 0.
3) Properties of polynomial zeros are discussed, such as that a linear polynomial has 1 zero, a quadratic polynomial has up to 2 zeros, and a cubic polynomial has up to 3 zeros. Relations between coefficients and zeros are also presented.
Factor Theorem and Remainder Theorem. Mathematics10 Project under Mrs. Marissa De Ocampo. Prepared by Danielle Diva, Ronalie Mejos, Rafael Vallejos and Mark Lenon Dacir of 10- Einstein. CNSTHS.
The document discusses several topics in algebra including:
1. Indices laws including am x an = am + n, am ÷ an = am - n, and (am)n = amn. Negative and fractional indices are also discussed.
2. Logarithms including the definition that logarithm of 'x' to base 'a' is the power to which 'a' must be raised to give 'x'. Change of base formula is also provided.
3. Series including the definition of finite and infinite series. Notation of sigma notation ∑ is introduced to represent the sum of terms.
The document discusses Maclaurin expansions, which are polynomials that can be used to approximate functions around a point using their derivatives. Specifically, the Maclaurin polynomial of order n for a function f(x) is defined as the polynomial whose derivatives up to order n match the derivatives of f(x) at the point of expansion, usually x=0. This allows functions that cannot be evaluated directly, like sin(x) or ln(x), to be approximated using polynomials composed of arithmetic operations. Examples are provided of calculating the Maclaurin polynomials and series for basic functions via their definition in terms of derivatives.
Slideshare is discontinuing its Slidecast feature as of February 28, 2014. Existing Slidecasts will be converted to static presentations without audio by April 30, 2014. The document informs users that new slidecasts can be found on myPlick.com or the author's blog starting in 2014. However, myPlick proved unreliable, so future slidecasts will instead be hosted on the author's YouTube channel.
The document discusses different methods for factorising expressions:
1) Looking for a common factor and dividing it out of all terms
2) Using the difference of two squares formula (a2 - b2 = (a - b)(a + b))
3) Factorising quadratic trinomials into two binomial factors by identifying the values that multiply to give the constant term and sum to give the coefficient of the linear term.
The document provides information on index laws and the meaning of indices in algebra:
- Index laws state that am × an = am+n, am ÷ an = am-n, and (am)n = amn. Exponents can be added or subtracted when multiplying or dividing terms with the same base.
- Positive exponents indicate a term is raised to a power. Negative exponents indicate a root is being taken. Terms with exponents are evaluated from left to right.
- Examples demonstrate how to simplify expressions using index laws and interpret different types of indices.
12 x1 t01 03 integrating derivative on function (2013)Nigel Simmons
The document discusses integrating derivatives of functions. It states that the integral of the derivative of a function f(x) is equal to the natural log of f(x) plus a constant. It then provides examples of integrating several derivatives: (i) ∫(1/(7-3x)) dx = -1/3 log(7-3x) + c, (ii) ∫(1/(8x+5)) dx = 1/8 log(8x+5) + c, and (iii) ∫(x5/(x-2)) dx = 1/6 log(x6-2) + c. It also discusses techniques for integrating fractions by polynomial long division and finds
The document discusses logarithms and their properties. Logarithms are defined as the inverse of exponentials. If y = ax, then x = loga y. The natural logarithm is log base e, written as ln. Properties of logarithms include: loga m + loga n = loga mn; loga m - loga n = loga(m/n); loga mn = n loga m; loga 1 = 0; loga a = 1. Examples of evaluating logarithmic expressions are provided.
The document discusses relationships between the coefficients and roots of polynomials. It states that for a polynomial P(x) = axn + bxn-1 + cxn-2 + ..., the sum of the roots equals -b/a, the sum of the roots taken two at a time equals c/a, and so on for higher order terms. It also provides examples of using these relationships to find the sums of roots for a given polynomial.
P
4
3
2
The document discusses properties of polynomials with multiple roots. It first proves that if a polynomial P(x) has a root x = a of multiplicity m, then the derivative of P(x), P'(x), will have a root x = a of multiplicity m-1. It then provides an example of solving a cubic equation given it has a double root. Finally, it examines a quartic polynomial and shows that its root α cannot be 0, 1, or -1, and that 1/
The document discusses factorizing complex expressions. The main points are:
- If a polynomial's coefficients are real, its roots will appear in complex conjugate pairs.
- Any polynomial of degree n can be factorized into a mixture of quadratic and linear factors over real numbers, or into n linear factors over complex numbers.
- Odd degree polynomials must have at least one real root.
- Examples of factorizing polynomials over both real and complex numbers are provided.
The document describes the Trapezoidal Rule for approximating the area under a curve between two points. It shows that the area A is estimated by dividing the region into trapezoids with height equal to the function values at the interval endpoints and bases equal to the intervals. In general, the area is approximated as the sum of the areas of each trapezoid, which is equal to the average of the endpoint function values multiplied by the interval length.
The document discusses methods for calculating the volumes of solids of revolution. It provides formulas for finding volumes when an area is revolved around either the x-axis or y-axis. Examples are given for finding volumes of common solids like cones, spheres, and others. Steps are shown for using the formulas to calculate volumes based on given functions and limits of revolution.
The document discusses different methods for calculating the area under a curve or between curves.
(1) The area below the x-axis is given by the integral of the function between the bounds, which can be positive or negative depending on whether the area is above or below the x-axis.
(2) To calculate the area on the y-axis, the function is solved for x in terms of y, then the bounds are substituted into the integral of this new function with respect to y.
(3) The area between two curves is calculated by taking the integral of the upper curve minus the integral of the lower curve, both between the same bounds on the x-axis.
The document discusses 8 properties of definite integrals:
1) Integrating polynomials results in a fraction.
2) Constants can be factored out of integrals.
3) Integrals of sums are equal to the sum of integrals.
4) Splitting an integral range results in the sum of the integrals.
5) Integrals of positive functions over a range are positive, and negative if the function is negative.
6) Integrals can be compared based on the relative values of the integrands.
7) Changing the limits of integration flips the sign of the integral.
8) Integrals of odd functions over a symmetric range are zero, and integrals of even functions are twice the integral over
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
4. Polynomial Theorems
Remainder Theorem
If the polynomial P(x) is divided by (x – a), then the remainder is P(a)
Proof:
P x A( x)Q( x) R( x)
let A( x) ( x a )
5. Polynomial Theorems
Remainder Theorem
If the polynomial P(x) is divided by (x – a), then the remainder is P(a)
Proof:
P x A( x)Q( x) R( x)
let A( x) ( x a )
P x ( x a )Q( x) R( x)
6. Polynomial Theorems
Remainder Theorem
If the polynomial P(x) is divided by (x – a), then the remainder is P(a)
Proof:
P x A( x)Q( x) R( x)
let A( x) ( x a )
P x ( x a )Q( x) R( x)
P a (a a )Q(a ) R (a )
7. Polynomial Theorems
Remainder Theorem
If the polynomial P(x) is divided by (x – a), then the remainder is P(a)
Proof:
P x A( x)Q( x) R( x)
let A( x) ( x a )
P x ( x a )Q( x) R( x)
P a (a a )Q(a ) R (a )
R(a)
8. Polynomial Theorems
Remainder Theorem
If the polynomial P(x) is divided by (x – a), then the remainder is P(a)
Proof:
P x A( x)Q( x) R( x)
let A( x) ( x a )
P x ( x a )Q( x) R( x)
P a (a a )Q(a ) R (a )
R(a)
now degree R ( x) 1
R ( x) is a constant
9. Polynomial Theorems
Remainder Theorem
If the polynomial P(x) is divided by (x – a), then the remainder is P(a)
Proof:
P x A( x)Q( x) R( x)
let A( x) ( x a )
P x ( x a )Q( x) R ( x)
P a (a a )Q(a ) R (a )
R(a)
now degree R ( x) 1
R ( x) is a constant
R( x) R(a)
P(a)
10. e.g. Find the remainder when P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11 is divided
by (x – 2)
11. e.g. Find the remainder when P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11 is divided
by (x – 2)
P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11
12. e.g. Find the remainder when P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11 is divided
by (x – 2)
P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11
P 2 5 2 17 2 2 11
3 2
13. e.g. Find the remainder when P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11 is divided
by (x – 2)
P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11
P 2 5 2 17 2 2 11
3 2
19
14. e.g. Find the remainder when P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11 is divided
by (x – 2)
P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11
P 2 5 2 17 2 2 11
3 2
19
remainder when P ( x ) is divided by ( x 2) is 19
15. e.g. Find the remainder when P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11 is divided
by (x – 2)
P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11
P 2 5 2 17 2 2 11
3 2
19
remainder when P ( x ) is divided by ( x 2) is 19
Factor Theorem
If (x – a) is a factor of P(x) then P(a) = 0
16. e.g. Find the remainder when P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11 is divided
by (x – 2)
P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11
P 2 5 2 17 2 2 11
3 2
19
remainder when P ( x ) is divided by ( x 2) is 19
Factor Theorem
If (x – a) is a factor of P(x) then P(a) = 0
e.g. (i) Show that (x – 2) is a factor of P x x 3 19 x 30 and hence
factorise P(x).
17. e.g. Find the remainder when P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11 is divided
by (x – 2)
P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11
P 2 5 2 17 2 2 11
3 2
19
remainder when P ( x ) is divided by ( x 2) is 19
Factor Theorem
If (x – a) is a factor of P(x) then P(a) = 0
e.g. (i) Show that (x – 2) is a factor of P x x 3 19 x 30 and hence
factorise P(x).
P 2 2 19 2 30
3
18. e.g. Find the remainder when P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11 is divided
by (x – 2)
P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11
P 2 5 2 17 2 2 11
3 2
19
remainder when P ( x ) is divided by ( x 2) is 19
Factor Theorem
If (x – a) is a factor of P(x) then P(a) = 0
e.g. (i) Show that (x – 2) is a factor of P x x 3 19 x 30 and hence
factorise P(x).
P 2 2 19 2 30
3
0
19. e.g. Find the remainder when P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11 is divided
by (x – 2)
P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11
P 2 5 2 17 2 2 11
3 2
19
remainder when P ( x ) is divided by ( x 2) is 19
Factor Theorem
If (x – a) is a factor of P(x) then P(a) = 0
e.g. (i) Show that (x – 2) is a factor of P x x 3 19 x 30 and hence
factorise P(x).
P 2 2 19 2 30
3
0
( x 2) is a factor
20. e.g. Find the remainder when P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11 is divided
by (x – 2)
P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11
P 2 5 2 17 2 2 11
3 2
19
remainder when P ( x ) is divided by ( x 2) is 19
Factor Theorem
If (x – a) is a factor of P(x) then P(a) = 0
e.g. (i) Show that (x – 2) is a factor of P x x 3 19 x 30 and hence
factorise P(x).
x 2 x 3 0 x 2 19 x 30
P 2 2 19 2 30
3
0
( x 2) is a factor
21. e.g. Find the remainder when P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11 is divided
by (x – 2)
P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11
P 2 5 2 17 2 2 11
3 2
19
remainder when P ( x ) is divided by ( x 2) is 19
Factor Theorem
If (x – a) is a factor of P(x) then P(a) = 0
e.g. (i) Show that (x – 2) is a factor of P x x 3 19 x 30 and hence
factorise P(x). x2
x 2 x 3 0 x 2 19 x 30
P 2 2 19 2 30
3
0
( x 2) is a factor
22. e.g. Find the remainder when P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11 is divided
by (x – 2)
P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11
P 2 5 2 17 2 2 11
3 2
19
remainder when P ( x ) is divided by ( x 2) is 19
Factor Theorem
If (x – a) is a factor of P(x) then P(a) = 0
e.g. (i) Show that (x – 2) is a factor of P x x 3 19 x 30 and hence
factorise P(x). x2
x 2 x 3 0 x 2 19 x 30
P 2 2 19 2 30
3
x3 2 x 2
0
( x 2) is a factor
23. e.g. Find the remainder when P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11 is divided
by (x – 2)
P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11
P 2 5 2 17 2 2 11
3 2
19
remainder when P ( x ) is divided by ( x 2) is 19
Factor Theorem
If (x – a) is a factor of P(x) then P(a) = 0
e.g. (i) Show that (x – 2) is a factor of P x x 3 19 x 30 and hence
factorise P(x). x2
x 2 x 3 0 x 2 19 x 30
P 2 2 19 2 30
3
x3 2 x 2
0 2x 2
( x 2) is a factor
24. e.g. Find the remainder when P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11 is divided
by (x – 2)
P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11
P 2 5 2 17 2 2 11
3 2
19
remainder when P ( x ) is divided by ( x 2) is 19
Factor Theorem
If (x – a) is a factor of P(x) then P(a) = 0
e.g. (i) Show that (x – 2) is a factor of P x x 3 19 x 30 and hence
factorise P(x). x2
x 2 x 3 0 x 2 19 x 30
P 2 2 19 2 30
3
x3 2 x 2
0 2x 2 19 x 30
( x 2) is a factor
25. e.g. Find the remainder when P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11 is divided
by (x – 2)
P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11
P 2 5 2 17 2 2 11
3 2
19
remainder when P ( x ) is divided by ( x 2) is 19
Factor Theorem
If (x – a) is a factor of P(x) then P(a) = 0
e.g. (i) Show that (x – 2) is a factor of P x x 3 19 x 30 and hence
factorise P(x). x 2 2 x
x 2 x 3 0 x 2 19 x 30
P 2 2 19 2 30
3
x3 2 x 2
0 2 x 2 19 x 30
( x 2) is a factor
26. e.g. Find the remainder when P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11 is divided
by (x – 2)
P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11
P 2 5 2 17 2 2 11
3 2
19
remainder when P ( x ) is divided by ( x 2) is 19
Factor Theorem
If (x – a) is a factor of P(x) then P(a) = 0
e.g. (i) Show that (x – 2) is a factor of P x x 3 19 x 30 and hence
factorise P(x). x 2 2 x
x 2 x 3 0 x 2 19 x 30
P 2 2 19 2 30
3
x3 2 x 2
0 2 x 2 19 x 30
( x 2) is a factor 2 x2 4 x
27. e.g. Find the remainder when P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11 is divided
by (x – 2)
P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11
P 2 5 2 17 2 2 11
3 2
19
remainder when P ( x ) is divided by ( x 2) is 19
Factor Theorem
If (x – a) is a factor of P(x) then P(a) = 0
e.g. (i) Show that (x – 2) is a factor of P x x 3 19 x 30 and hence
factorise P(x). x 2 2 x
x 2 x 3 0 x 2 19 x 30
P 2 2 19 2 30
3
x3 2 x 2
0 2 x 2 19 x 30
( x 2) is a factor 2 x2 4 x
15 x
28. e.g. Find the remainder when P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11 is divided
by (x – 2)
P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11
P 2 5 2 17 2 2 11
3 2
19
remainder when P ( x ) is divided by ( x 2) is 19
Factor Theorem
If (x – a) is a factor of P(x) then P(a) = 0
e.g. (i) Show that (x – 2) is a factor of P x x 3 19 x 30 and hence
factorise P(x). x 2 2 x
x 2 x 3 0 x 2 19 x 30
P 2 2 19 2 30
3
x3 2 x 2
0 2 x 2 19 x 30
( x 2) is a factor 2 x2 4 x
15 x 30
29. e.g. Find the remainder when P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11 is divided
by (x – 2)
P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11
P 2 5 2 17 2 2 11
3 2
19
remainder when P ( x ) is divided by ( x 2) is 19
Factor Theorem
If (x – a) is a factor of P(x) then P(a) = 0
e.g. (i) Show that (x – 2) is a factor of P x x 3 19 x 30 and hence
factorise P(x). x 2 2 x 15
x 2 x 3 0 x 2 19 x 30
P 2 2 19 2 30
3
x3 2 x 2
0 2 x 2 19 x 30
( x 2) is a factor 2 x2 4 x
15 x 30
30. e.g. Find the remainder when P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11 is divided
by (x – 2)
P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11
P 2 5 2 17 2 2 11
3 2
19
remainder when P ( x ) is divided by ( x 2) is 19
Factor Theorem
If (x – a) is a factor of P(x) then P(a) = 0
e.g. (i) Show that (x – 2) is a factor of P x x 3 19 x 30 and hence
factorise P(x). x 2 2 x 15
x 2 x 3 0 x 2 19 x 30
P 2 2 19 2 30
3
x3 2 x 2
0 2 x 2 19 x 30
( x 2) is a factor 2 x2 4 x
15 x 30
15 x 30
31. e.g. Find the remainder when P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11 is divided
by (x – 2)
P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11
P 2 5 2 17 2 2 11
3 2
19
remainder when P ( x ) is divided by ( x 2) is 19
Factor Theorem
If (x – a) is a factor of P(x) then P(a) = 0
e.g. (i) Show that (x – 2) is a factor of P x x 3 19 x 30 and hence
factorise P(x). x 2 2 x 15
x 2 x 3 0 x 2 19 x 30
P 2 2 19 2 30
3
x3 2 x 2
0 2 x 2 19 x 30
( x 2) is a factor 2 x2 4 x
15 x 30
15 x 30
0
32. e.g. Find the remainder when P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11 is divided
by (x – 2)
P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11
P 2 5 2 17 2 2 11
3 2
19
remainder when P ( x ) is divided by ( x 2) is 19
Factor Theorem
If (x – a) is a factor of P(x) then P(a) = 0
e.g. (i) Show that (x – 2) is a factor of P x x 3 19 x 30 and hence
factorise P(x). x 2 2 x 15
x 2 x 3 0 x 2 19 x 30
P 2 2 19 2 30
3
x3 2 x 2
0 2 x 2 19 x 30
( x 2) is a factor 2 x2 4 x
P ( x) ( x 2) x 2 2 x 15 15 x 30
15 x 30
0
33. e.g. Find the remainder when P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11 is divided
by (x – 2)
P x 5 x 3 17 x 2 x 11
P 2 5 2 17 2 2 11
3 2
19
remainder when P ( x ) is divided by ( x 2) is 19
Factor Theorem
If (x – a) is a factor of P(x) then P(a) = 0
e.g. (i) Show that (x – 2) is a factor of P x x 3 19 x 30 and hence
factorise P(x). x 2 2x 15
x 2 x 3 0 x 2 19 x 30
P 2 2 19 2 30
3
x3 2 x 2
0 2x 2 19 x 30
( x 2) is a factor 2 x2 4 x
P ( x) ( x 2) x 2 2 x 15 15x 30
15 x 30
( x 2)( x 5)( x 3)
0
36. OR P x x 3 19 x 30
( x 2)
leading term leading term
=leading term
37. OR P x x 3 19 x 30
( x 2)
leading term leading term
=leading term
38. OR P x x 3 19 x 30
( x 2)
leading term leading term
=leading term
39. OR P x x 3 19 x 30
( x 2) x 2
leading term leading term
=leading term
40. OR P x x 3 19 x 30
( x 2) x 2
leading term leading term constant constant
=leading term =constant
41. OR P x x 3 19 x 30
( x 2) x 2
leading term leading term constant constant
=leading term =constant
42. OR P x x 3 19 x 30
( x 2) x 2
leading term leading term constant constant
=leading term =constant
43. OR P x x 3 19 x 30
( x 2) x 2 15
leading term leading term constant constant
=leading term =constant
44. OR P x x 3 19 x 30
( x 2) x 2 15
leading term leading term constant constant
=leading term =constant
If you where to expand out now, how many x would you have?
45. OR P x x 3 19 x 30
( x 2) x 2 15
leading term leading term constant constant
=leading term =constant
If you where to expand out now, how many x would you have? 15x
46. OR P x x 3 19 x 30
( x 2) x 2 15
leading term leading term constant constant
=leading term =constant
If you where to expand out now, how many x would you have? 15x
How many x do you need?
47. OR P x x 3 19 x 30
( x 2) x 2 15
leading term leading term constant constant
=leading term =constant
If you where to expand out now, how many x would you have? 15x
How many x do you need? 19x
48. OR P x x 3 19 x 30
( x 2) x 2 15
leading term leading term constant constant
=leading term =constant
If you where to expand out now, how many x would you have? 15x
How many x do you need? 19x
How do you get from what you have to what you need?
49. OR P x x 3 19 x 30
( x 2) x 2 15
leading term leading term constant constant
=leading term =constant
If you where to expand out now, how many x would you have? 15x
How many x do you need? 19x
How do you get from what you have to what you need? 4x
50. OR P x x 3 19 x 30
( x 2) x 2 15
leading term leading term constant constant
=leading term =constant
If you where to expand out now, how many x would you have? 15x
How many x do you need? 19x
How do you get from what you have to what you need? 4x
4 x 2 ?
51. OR P x x 3 19 x 30
( x 2) x 2 15
leading term leading term constant constant
=leading term =constant
If you where to expand out now, how many x would you have? 15x
How many x do you need? 19x
How do you get from what you have to what you need? 4x
4 x 2 ?
52. OR P x x 3 19 x 30
( x 2) x 2 2x 15
leading term leading term constant constant
=leading term =constant
If you where to expand out now, how many x would you have? 15x
How many x do you need? 19x
How do you get from what you have to what you need? 4x
4 x 2 ?
P ( x) ( x 2) x 2 2 x 15
( x 2)( x 5)( x 3)
53. OR P x x 3 19 x 30
( x 2) x 2 2x 15
leading term leading term constant constant
=leading term =constant
If you where to expand out now, how many x would you have? 15x
How many x do you need? 19x
How do you get from what you have to what you need? 4x
4 x 2 ?
54. OR P x x 3 19 x 30
( x 2) x 2 2x 15
leading term leading term constant constant
=leading term =constant
If you where to expand out now, how many x would you have? 15x
How many x do you need? 19x
How do you get from what you have to what you need? 4x
4 x 2 ?
P ( x) ( x 2) x 2 2 x 15
55. OR P x x 3 19 x 30
( x 2) x 2 2x 15
leading term leading term constant constant
=leading term =constant
If you where to expand out now, how many x would you have? 15x
How many x do you need? 19x
How do you get from what you have to what you need? 4x
4 x 2 ?
P ( x) ( x 2) x 2 2 x 15
( x 2)( x 5)( x 3)
57. (ii) Factorise P x 4 x 3 16 x 2 9 x 36
Constant factors must be a factor of the constant
58. (ii) Factorise P x 4 x 3 16 x 2 9 x 36
Constant factors must be a factor of the constant
Possibilities = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 18 , 36
59. (ii) Factorise P x 4 x 3 16 x 2 9 x 36
Constant factors must be a factor of the constant
Possibilities = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 18 , 36
of course they could be negative!!!
60. (ii) Factorise P x 4 x 3 16 x 2 9 x 36
Constant factors must be a factor of the constant
Possibilities = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 18 , 36
of course they could be negative!!!
Fractional factors must be of the form
61. (ii) Factorise P x 4 x 3 16 x 2 9 x 36
Constant factors must be a factor of the constant
Possibilities = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 18 , 36
of course they could be negative!!!
factors of the constant
Fractional factors must be of the form
factors of the leading coefficient
62. (ii) Factorise P x 4 x 3 16 x 2 9 x 36
Constant factors must be a factor of the constant
Possibilities = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 18 , 36
of course they could be negative!!!
factors of the constant
Fractional factors must be of the form
factors of the leading coefficient
1 2 3 4 6 9 12 18 36
Possibilities = , , , , , , , ,
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
63. (ii) Factorise P x 4 x 3 16 x 2 9 x 36
Constant factors must be a factor of the constant
Possibilities = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 18 , 36
of course they could be negative!!!
factors of the constant
Fractional factors must be of the form
factors of the leading coefficient
1 2 3 4 6 9 12 18 36
Possibilities = , , , , , , , ,
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
64. (ii) Factorise P x 4 x 3 16 x 2 9 x 36
Constant factors must be a factor of the constant
Possibilities = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 18 , 36
of course they could be negative!!!
factors of the constant
Fractional factors must be of the form
factors of the leading coefficient
1 2 3 4 6 9 12 18 36
Possibilities = , , , , , , , ,
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1 2 3 4 6 9 12 18 36
= , , , , , , , ,
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
65. (ii) Factorise P x 4 x 3 16 x 2 9 x 36
Constant factors must be a factor of the constant
Possibilities = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 18 , 36
of course they could be negative!!!
factors of the constant
Fractional factors must be of the form
factors of the leading coefficient
1 2 3 4 6 9 12 18 36
Possibilities = , , , , , , , ,
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1 2 3 4 6 9 12 18 36
= , , , , , , , ,
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
66. (ii) Factorise P x 4 x 3 16 x 2 9 x 36
Constant factors must be a factor of the constant
Possibilities = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 18 , 36
of course they could be negative!!!
factors of the constant
Fractional factors must be of the form
factors of the leading coefficient
1 2 3 4 6 9 12 18 36
Possibilities = , , , , , , , ,
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1 2 3 4 6 9 12 18 36
= , , , , , , , ,
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 they could be negative too
67. (ii) Factorise P x 4 x 3 16 x 2 9 x 36
Constant factors must be a factor of the constant
Possibilities = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 18 , 36
of course they could be negative!!!
factors of the constant
Fractional factors must be of the form
factors of the leading coefficient
1 2 3 4 6 9 12 18 36
Possibilities = , , , , , , , ,
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1 2 3 4 6 9 12 18 36
= , , , , , , , ,
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 they could be negative too
P 4 4 4 16 4 9 4 36
3 2
68. (ii) Factorise P x 4 x 3 16 x 2 9 x 36
Constant factors must be a factor of the constant
Possibilities = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 18 , 36
of course they could be negative!!!
factors of the constant
Fractional factors must be of the form
factors of the leading coefficient
1 2 3 4 6 9 12 18 36
Possibilities = , , , , , , , ,
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1 2 3 4 6 9 12 18 36
= , , , , , , , ,
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 they could be negative too
P 4 4 4 16 4 9 4 36
3 2
0
69. (ii) Factorise P x 4 x 3 16 x 2 9 x 36
Constant factors must be a factor of the constant
Possibilities = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 18 , 36
of course they could be negative!!!
factors of the constant
Fractional factors must be of the form
factors of the leading coefficient
1 2 3 4 6 9 12 18 36
Possibilities = , , , , , , , ,
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1 2 3 4 6 9 12 18 36
= , , , , , , , ,
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 they could be negative too
P 4 4 4 16 4 9 4 36
3 2
0
( x 4) is a factor
70. (ii) Factorise P x 4 x 3 16 x 2 9 x 36
Constant factors must be a factor of the constant
Possibilities = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 18 , 36
of course they could be negative!!!
factors of the constant
Fractional factors must be of the form
factors of the leading coefficient
1 2 3 4 6 9 12 18 36
Possibilities = , , , , , , , ,
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1 2 3 4 6 9 12 18 36
= , , , , , , , ,
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 they could be negative too
P 4 4 4 16 4 9 4 36
3 2
0 P( x) 4 x 3 16 x 2 9 x 36
( x 4) is a factor x 4
71. (ii) Factorise P x 4 x 3 16 x 2 9 x 36
Constant factors must be a factor of the constant
Possibilities = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 18 , 36
of course they could be negative!!!
factors of the constant
Fractional factors must be of the form
factors of the leading coefficient
1 2 3 4 6 9 12 18 36
Possibilities = , , , , , , , ,
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1 2 3 4 6 9 12 18 36
= , , , , , , , ,
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 they could be negative too
P 4 4 4 16 4 9 4 36
3 2
0 P( x) 4 x 3 16 x 2 9 x 36
( x 4) is a factor x 4 4x 2
72. (ii) Factorise P x 4 x 3 16 x 2 9 x 36
Constant factors must be a factor of the constant
Possibilities = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 18 , 36
of course they could be negative!!!
factors of the constant
Fractional factors must be of the form
factors of the leading coefficient
1 2 3 4 6 9 12 18 36
Possibilities = , , , , , , , ,
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1 2 3 4 6 9 12 18 36
= , , , , , , , ,
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 they could be negative too
P 4 4 4 16 4 9 4 36
3 2
0 P( x) 4 x 3 16 x 2 9 x 36
( x 4) is a factor x 4 4x 2 9
73. (ii) Factorise P x 4 x 3 16 x 2 9 x 36
Constant factors must be a factor of the constant
Possibilities = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 18 , 36
of course they could be negative!!!
factors of the constant
Fractional factors must be of the form
factors of the leading coefficient
1 2 3 4 6 9 12 18 36
Possibilities = , , , , , , , ,
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1 2 3 4 6 9 12 18 36
= , , , , , , , ,
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 they could be negative too
P 4 4 4 16 4 9 4 36
3 2
0 P( x) 4 x 3 16 x 2 9 x 36
( x 4) is a factor x 4 4x 2 9
x 4 2 x 3 2 x 3
74. 2004 Extension 1 HSC Q3b)
Let P(x) = (x + 1)(x – 3)Q(x) + a(x + 1) + b, where Q(x) is a polynomial
and a and b are real numbers.
When P(x) is divided by (x + 1) the remainder is – 11. When P(x) is
divided by (x – 3) the remainder is 1.
(i) What is the value of b?
75. 2004 Extension 1 HSC Q3b)
Let P(x) = (x + 1)(x – 3)Q(x) + a(x + 1) + b, where Q(x) is a polynomial
and a and b are real numbers.
When P(x) is divided by (x + 1) the remainder is – 11. When P(x) is
divided by (x – 3) the remainder is 1.
(i) What is the value of b?
P 1 11
76. 2004 Extension 1 HSC Q3b)
Let P(x) = (x + 1)(x – 3)Q(x) + a(x + 1) + b, where Q(x) is a polynomial
and a and b are real numbers.
When P(x) is divided by (x + 1) the remainder is – 11. When P(x) is
divided by (x – 3) the remainder is 1.
(i) What is the value of b?
P 1 11
b 11
77. 2004 Extension 1 HSC Q3b)
Let P(x) = (x + 1)(x – 3)Q(x) + a(x + 1) + b, where Q(x) is a polynomial
and a and b are real numbers.
When P(x) is divided by (x + 1) the remainder is – 11. When P(x) is
divided by (x – 3) the remainder is 1.
(i) What is the value of b?
P 1 11
b 11
(ii) What is the remainder when P(x) is divided by (x + 1)(x – 3)?
78. 2004 Extension 1 HSC Q3b)
Let P(x) = (x + 1)(x – 3)Q(x) + a(x + 1) + b, where Q(x) is a polynomial
and a and b are real numbers.
When P(x) is divided by (x + 1) the remainder is – 11. When P(x) is
divided by (x – 3) the remainder is 1.
(i) What is the value of b?
P 1 11
b 11
(ii) What is the remainder when P(x) is divided by (x + 1)(x – 3)?
P3 1
79. 2004 Extension 1 HSC Q3b)
Let P(x) = (x + 1)(x – 3)Q(x) + a(x + 1) + b, where Q(x) is a polynomial
and a and b are real numbers.
When P(x) is divided by (x + 1) the remainder is – 11. When P(x) is
divided by (x – 3) the remainder is 1.
(i) What is the value of b?
P 1 11
b 11
(ii) What is the remainder when P(x) is divided by (x + 1)(x – 3)?
P3 1
4a b 1
80. 2004 Extension 1 HSC Q3b)
Let P(x) = (x + 1)(x – 3)Q(x) + a(x + 1) + b, where Q(x) is a polynomial
and a and b are real numbers.
When P(x) is divided by (x + 1) the remainder is – 11. When P(x) is
divided by (x – 3) the remainder is 1.
(i) What is the value of b?
P 1 11
b 11
(ii) What is the remainder when P(x) is divided by (x + 1)(x – 3)?
P3 1
4a b 1
4a 12
a3
81. 2004 Extension 1 HSC Q3b)
Let P(x) = (x + 1)(x – 3)Q(x) + a(x + 1) + b, where Q(x) is a polynomial
and a and b are real numbers.
When P(x) is divided by (x + 1) the remainder is – 11. When P(x) is
divided by (x – 3) the remainder is 1.
(i) What is the value of b?
P 1 11
b 11
(ii) What is the remainder when P(x) is divided by (x + 1)(x – 3)?
P3 1
4a b 1 P x x 1 x 3Q x 3 x 8
4a 12
a3
82. 2004 Extension 1 HSC Q3b)
Let P(x) = (x + 1)(x – 3)Q(x) + a(x + 1) + b, where Q(x) is a polynomial
and a and b are real numbers.
When P(x) is divided by (x + 1) the remainder is – 11. When P(x) is
divided by (x – 3) the remainder is 1.
(i) What is the value of b?
P 1 11
b 11
(ii) What is the remainder when P(x) is divided by (x + 1)(x – 3)?
P3 1
4a b 1 P x x 1 x 3Q x 3 x 8
4a 12 R x 3x 8
a3
83. 2002 Extension 1 HSC Q2c)
Suppose x 3 2 x 2 a x 2 Q x 3 where Q(x) is a polynomial.
Find the value of a.
84. 2002 Extension 1 HSC Q2c)
Suppose x 3 2 x 2 a x 2 Q x 3 where Q(x) is a polynomial.
Find the value of a.
P 2 3
85. 2002 Extension 1 HSC Q2c)
Suppose x 3 2 x 2 a x 2 Q x 3 where Q(x) is a polynomial.
Find the value of a.
P 2 3
23 2 22 a 3
86. 2002 Extension 1 HSC Q2c)
Suppose x 3 2 x 2 a x 2 Q x 3 where Q(x) is a polynomial.
Find the value of a.
P 2 3
23 2 22 a 3
16 a 3
87. 2002 Extension 1 HSC Q2c)
Suppose x 3 2 x 2 a x 2 Q x 3 where Q(x) is a polynomial.
Find the value of a.
P 2 3
23 2 22 a 3
16 a 3
a 19
88. 1994 Extension 1 HSC Q4a)
When the polynomial P(x) is divided by (x + 1)(x – 4), the quotient is
Q(x) and the remainder is R(x).
(i) Why is the most general form of R(x) given by R(x) = ax + b?
89. 1994 Extension 1 HSC Q4a)
When the polynomial P(x) is divided by (x + 1)(x – 4), the quotient is
Q(x) and the remainder is R(x).
(i) Why is the most general form of R(x) given by R(x) = ax + b?
The degree of the divisor is 2, therefore the degree of the
remainder is at most 1, i.e. a linear function.
90. 1994 Extension 1 HSC Q4a)
When the polynomial P(x) is divided by (x + 1)(x – 4), the quotient is
Q(x) and the remainder is R(x).
(i) Why is the most general form of R(x) given by R(x) = ax + b?
The degree of the divisor is 2, therefore the degree of the
remainder is at most 1, i.e. a linear function.
(ii) Given that P(4) = – 5 , show that R(4) = – 5
91. 1994 Extension 1 HSC Q4a)
When the polynomial P(x) is divided by (x + 1)(x – 4), the quotient is
Q(x) and the remainder is R(x).
(i) Why is the most general form of R(x) given by R(x) = ax + b?
The degree of the divisor is 2, therefore the degree of the
remainder is at most 1, i.e. a linear function.
(ii) Given that P(4) = – 5 , show that R(4) = – 5
P(x) = (x + 1)(x – 4)Q(x) + R(x)
92. 1994 Extension 1 HSC Q4a)
When the polynomial P(x) is divided by (x + 1)(x – 4), the quotient is
Q(x) and the remainder is R(x).
(i) Why is the most general form of R(x) given by R(x) = ax + b?
The degree of the divisor is 2, therefore the degree of the
remainder is at most 1, i.e. a linear function.
(ii) Given that P(4) = – 5 , show that R(4) = – 5
P(x) = (x + 1)(x – 4)Q(x) + R(x)
P(4) = (4 + 1)(4 – 4)Q(4) + R(4)
93. 1994 Extension 1 HSC Q4a)
When the polynomial P(x) is divided by (x + 1)(x – 4), the quotient is
Q(x) and the remainder is R(x).
(i) Why is the most general form of R(x) given by R(x) = ax + b?
The degree of the divisor is 2, therefore the degree of the
remainder is at most 1, i.e. a linear function.
(ii) Given that P(4) = – 5 , show that R(4) = – 5
P(x) = (x + 1)(x – 4)Q(x) + R(x)
P(4) = (4 + 1)(4 – 4)Q(4) + R(4)
R(4) = – 5
94. 1994 Extension 1 HSC Q4a)
When the polynomial P(x) is divided by (x + 1)(x – 4), the quotient is
Q(x) and the remainder is R(x).
(i) Why is the most general form of R(x) given by R(x) = ax + b?
The degree of the divisor is 2, therefore the degree of the
remainder is at most 1, i.e. a linear function.
(ii) Given that P(4) = – 5 , show that R(4) = – 5
P(x) = (x + 1)(x – 4)Q(x) + R(x)
P(4) = (4 + 1)(4 – 4)Q(4) + R(4)
R(4) = – 5
(iii) Further, when P(x) is divided by (x + 1), the remainder is 5. Find R(x)
95. 1994 Extension 1 HSC Q4a)
When the polynomial P(x) is divided by (x + 1)(x – 4), the quotient is
Q(x) and the remainder is R(x).
(i) Why is the most general form of R(x) given by R(x) = ax + b?
The degree of the divisor is 2, therefore the degree of the
remainder is at most 1, i.e. a linear function.
(ii) Given that P(4) = – 5 , show that R(4) = – 5
P(x) = (x + 1)(x – 4)Q(x) + R(x)
P(4) = (4 + 1)(4 – 4)Q(4) + R(4)
R(4) = – 5
(iii) Further, when P(x) is divided by (x + 1), the remainder is 5. Find R(x)
R4 5
96. 1994 Extension 1 HSC Q4a)
When the polynomial P(x) is divided by (x + 1)(x – 4), the quotient is
Q(x) and the remainder is R(x).
(i) Why is the most general form of R(x) given by R(x) = ax + b?
The degree of the divisor is 2, therefore the degree of the
remainder is at most 1, i.e. a linear function.
(ii) Given that P(4) = – 5 , show that R(4) = – 5
P(x) = (x + 1)(x – 4)Q(x) + R(x)
P(4) = (4 + 1)(4 – 4)Q(4) + R(4)
R(4) = – 5
(iii) Further, when P(x) is divided by (x + 1), the remainder is 5. Find R(x)
R4 5
4a b 5
97. 1994 Extension 1 HSC Q4a)
When the polynomial P(x) is divided by (x + 1)(x – 4), the quotient is
Q(x) and the remainder is R(x).
(i) Why is the most general form of R(x) given by R(x) = ax + b?
The degree of the divisor is 2, therefore the degree of the
remainder is at most 1, i.e. a linear function.
(ii) Given that P(4) = – 5 , show that R(4) = – 5
P(x) = (x + 1)(x – 4)Q(x) + R(x)
P(4) = (4 + 1)(4 – 4)Q(4) + R(4)
R(4) = – 5
(iii) Further, when P(x) is divided by (x + 1), the remainder is 5. Find R(x)
R4 5 P 1 5
4a b 5
98. 1994 Extension 1 HSC Q4a)
When the polynomial P(x) is divided by (x + 1)(x – 4), the quotient is
Q(x) and the remainder is R(x).
(i) Why is the most general form of R(x) given by R(x) = ax + b?
The degree of the divisor is 2, therefore the degree of the
remainder is at most 1, i.e. a linear function.
(ii) Given that P(4) = – 5 , show that R(4) = – 5
P(x) = (x + 1)(x – 4)Q(x) + R(x)
P(4) = (4 + 1)(4 – 4)Q(4) + R(4)
R(4) = – 5
(iii) Further, when P(x) is divided by (x + 1), the remainder is 5. Find R(x)
R4 5 P 1 5
4a b 5 ab 5
99. 1994 Extension 1 HSC Q4a)
When the polynomial P(x) is divided by (x + 1)(x – 4), the quotient is
Q(x) and the remainder is R(x).
(i) Why is the most general form of R(x) given by R(x) = ax + b?
The degree of the divisor is 2, therefore the degree of the
remainder is at most 1, i.e. a linear function.
(ii) Given that P(4) = – 5 , show that R(4) = – 5
P(x) = (x + 1)(x – 4)Q(x) + R(x)
P(4) = (4 + 1)(4 – 4)Q(4) + R(4)
R(4) = – 5
(iii) Further, when P(x) is divided by (x + 1), the remainder is 5. Find R(x)
R4 5 P 1 5
4a b 5 ab 5
5a 10
a 2
100. 1994 Extension 1 HSC Q4a)
When the polynomial P(x) is divided by (x + 1)(x – 4), the quotient is
Q(x) and the remainder is R(x).
(i) Why is the most general form of R(x) given by R(x) = ax + b?
The degree of the divisor is 2, therefore the degree of the
remainder is at most 1, i.e. a linear function.
(ii) Given that P(4) = – 5 , show that R(4) = – 5
P(x) = (x + 1)(x – 4)Q(x) + R(x)
P(4) = (4 + 1)(4 – 4)Q(4) + R(4)
R(4) = – 5
(iii) Further, when P(x) is divided by (x + 1), the remainder is 5. Find R(x)
R4 5 P 1 5
4a b 5 ab 5
5a 10
a 2 b 3
101. 1994 Extension 1 HSC Q4a)
When the polynomial P(x) is divided by (x + 1)(x – 4), the quotient is
Q(x) and the remainder is R(x).
(i) Why is the most general form of R(x) given by R(x) = ax + b?
The degree of the divisor is 2, therefore the degree of the
remainder is at most 1, i.e. a linear function.
(ii) Given that P(4) = – 5 , show that R(4) = – 5
P(x) = (x + 1)(x – 4)Q(x) + R(x)
P(4) = (4 + 1)(4 – 4)Q(4) + R(4)
R(4) = – 5
(iii) Further, when P(x) is divided by (x + 1), the remainder is 5. Find R(x)
R4 5 P 1 5
4a b 5 ab 5
5a 10
a 2 b 3 R x 2 x 3