This document discusses various methods for finding the zeros or roots of polynomial functions, including factoring, factor theorem, synthetic division, and using the principle that every polynomial of degree n has n zeros. It provides examples of finding the zeros of polynomials by factorization, using a given zero to find other zeros through synthetic division, and identifying which numbers are zeros of various polynomials. Exercises are included for students to practice finding remaining zeros given one zero and identifying polynomial factors.
* Find zeros of polynomial functions
* Use the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra to find a function that satisfies given conditions
* Find all zeros of a polynomial function
Quadratic equations are explained in simple steps to meet your level of understanding. Please provide feedback so we improve our program for your learning benefit.
* Find zeros of polynomial functions
* Use the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra to find a function that satisfies given conditions
* Find all zeros of a polynomial function
Quadratic equations are explained in simple steps to meet your level of understanding. Please provide feedback so we improve our program for your learning benefit.
Continuity says that the limit of a function at a point equals the value of the function at that point, or, that small changes in the input give only small changes in output. This has important implications, such as the Intermediate Value Theorem.
Integration by substitution is the chain rule in reverse.
NOTE: the final location is section specific. Section 1 (morning) is in SILV 703, Section 11 (afternoon) is in CANT 200
Continuity says that the limit of a function at a point equals the value of the function at that point, or, that small changes in the input give only small changes in output. This has important implications, such as the Intermediate Value Theorem.
Integration by substitution is the chain rule in reverse.
NOTE: the final location is section specific. Section 1 (morning) is in SILV 703, Section 11 (afternoon) is in CANT 200
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The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
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2. Objectives
1.) To determine the zeros of polynomial
functions of degree greater than 2 by;
a.) factor theorem
b.) factoring
c.) synthetic division
d.) depressed equations
2.)To determine the zeros of polynomial
functions of degree n greater than 2 expressed
as a product of linear factors.
3. Recapitulations
What is remainder theorem?
What is synthetic division?
What is factoring?
What is zero of a function?
4. Discussions
UNLOCKING OF DIFFICULTIES
The zero of a polynomial function P(x) is the
value of the variable x, which makes
polynomial function equal to zero or P(x) =
0.
5. Discussions
UNLOCKING OF DIFFICULTIES
The fundamental Theorem of Algebra states
that “Every rational polynomial function
P(x) = 0 of degree n has exactly n zeros”.
6. Discussions
UNLOCKING OF DIFFICULTIES
When a polynomial is expressed as a product
of linear factors, it is easy to find the zeros
of the related function considering the
principle of zero products.
7. Discussions
UNLOCKING OF DIFFICULTIES
The principle of zero product state that, for all
real numbers a and b, ab = 0 if and only if
a = 0 or b = 0, or both.
8. Discussions
UNLOCKING OF DIFFICULTIES
The degree of a polynomial function
corresponds to the number of zeros of the
polynomial.
9. Discussions
UNLOCKING OF DIFFICULTIES
A depressed equation of P is an equation
which has a degree less that of P.
10. Discussions
Illustrative Example 1
Find the zeros of
P(x) = (x – 3)(x + 2)(x – 1)(x + 1).
Solution: (Use the principle of zero products)
P(x) = 0; that is
x - 3 = 0 x + 2 = 0 x - 1 = 0 x + 1 = 0
x = 3 x = -2 x = 1 x = -1
11. Discussions
Illustrative Example 2
Find the zeros of
P(x) = (x + 1)(x + 1)(x +1)(x – 2)
Solution: (By zero product principle)
we have, P(x) = 0 the zeros are -1 and 2.
The factor (x + 1) occurs 3 times. In this case, the
zero -1 has a multiplicity of 3.
12. Discussions
Illustrative Example 3
Find the zeros of P(x) = (x + 2)3(x2 – 9).
Solution: (By factoring)
we have, P(x) = (x +2)(x+2)(x+2)(x – 3)(x + 3).
The zeros are;
-2, 3, -3,
where -2 has a multiplicity of 3.
14. Discussions
Illustrative Example 4
Solve for the zeros of
P(x) = x3 + 8x2 + 19x + 12, given that one zero is -1.
Solution: By factor theorem, x + 1 is a factor of
x3 + 8x2 + 19x + 12.
Then; P(x) = x3 + 8x2 + 19x + 12
= (x+1)● Q(x).
15. Discussions
Illustrative Example 4 (Continuation of solution)
To determine Q(x), divide x3 + 8x2 + 19x + 12 by
(x + 1). By synthetic division;
--11 11 88 1199 1122
11
--11
77
--77
1122
--1122
00
16. Discussions
Illustrative Example 4 (Continuation of solution)
The equation x2 + 7x + 12 is a depressed
equation of P(x). To find the remaining zeros
use this depressed equation.
By factoring we have;
x2 + 7x + 12 = 0
(x +3)(x + 4) = 0
x = -3 and x = -4
Observe that a polynomial
function of degree 3 has
exactly three zeros.
Therefore; the three zeros are -1, -3, and -4.
17. Exercises
1. Solve for the other zeros of
P(x) = x4 – x3 – 11x2 + 9x + 18, given that one zero is -3.
2. Solve for the other zeros of
P(x) = x3 – 2x2 – 3x + 10, given that – 2 is a zero.
18. Activity Numbers
Which of the numbers -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3 are
zeros of the following polynomials?
1.) f(x) = x3 + x2 + x + 1
2.) g(x) = x3 – 4x2 + x + 6
3.) h(x) = x3 – 7x + 6
4.) f(x) = 3x3 + 8x2 – 2x + 3
5.) g(x) = x3 + 3x2 – x – 3
19. Activity Factors
Which of the binomials (x – 1), (x + 1), (x – 4),
(x + 3) are factors of the given polynomials.
1.) x3 + x2 - 7x + 5
2.) 2x3 + 5x2 + 4x + 1
3.) 3x3 – 12x2 + 2x – 8
4.) 4x4 - x3 + 2x2 + x – 3
5.) 4x4 + 5x3 - 14x2 – 4x + 3
20. Activity Zeros
Find the remaining zeros of the polynomial
function, real or imaginary, given one of its
zeros.
1.) P(x) = x3 + 5x2 - 2x – 24 x = 2
2.) P(x) = x3 - x2 - 7x + 3 x = 3
3.) P(x) = x3 – 8x2 + 20x – 16x = 2
4.) P(x) = x3 + 5x2 - 9x – 45 x = -5
5.) P(x) = x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 1 x = -1
21. Assignments
On page 103, answers numbers 6, 12, 18,19, & 20.
Ref. Advanced Algebra, Trigonometry & Statistics
What is rational Zero Theorm? Pp. 105