Capacitors are energy storage devices that can temporarily store and release electric charge. They consist of two conductive plates separated by an insulating material. The capacitance, or ability to store charge, depends on the distance between plates, the area of the plates, and the material between them. There are two main types - electrolytic capacitors, which have a polarity, and ceramic capacitors, which do not. Capacitors can be charged by applying a voltage across their terminals and discharged by shorting the terminals.

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2. Mand Labs presents
Capacitors

3. Introduction
• Energy Storage Device
• Think of capacitor as a Temporary Battery
• Release and absorb charge when required
• Avoid fluctuations in a circuit
• Physically:Two metal plates separated by an insulating medium
• Medium:Air, Dielectric, Paper, Plastic,Vacuum

4. Capacitor Surgery

5. Capacitor Surgery

6. Capacitor Surgery

7. Inside capacitor
Two metal plates separated by an insulator (roll)

8. Capacitance
• Charge storing ability
• Ability depends upon 3 factors
(1) Distance between plates
(2) Area of plates
(3)Medium between plates
Unit of Capacitance is
Farads (F)

9. Distance between plates
The shorter the distance, the higher the capacitance.

10. Area of plates
The m ore the cross-section area, the more the capacitance.

11. Charge andVoltage
Charge stored in capacitor ∝ Voltage applied across capacitor
Q (in Coulomb) ∝ V (inVolt)
Q = CV, where C = Capacitance (in farad)
Generally, C is measured in µF (microfarad), I micro = 10-6

12. Electrolytic Capacitor
• Electrical Polarity is present
• Polarized Capacitors
• Longer leg is +ve and Shorter
leg is -ve
Schematic Symbol

13. Polarity of Electrolytic
Capacitor

14. Non electrolytic Capacitor
• Electrical Polarity is absent
• Both legs are of same size
• Ceramic Capacitors
Schematic Symbol

15. Polarity of Ceramic Capacitor

16. Charging an Electrolytic
Capacitor
• To charge, provide +ve voltage to longer
leg and -ve to shorter leg
• Time of charging: Instantaneous
• Capacitor gets charged up toVcc

17. Charging an Ceramic
Capacitor
• To charge, provide supply across two legs
of capacitor
• Time of charging: Instantaneous
• Capacitor gets charged up toVcc

18. Shorting a capacitor
• To short, connect a wire from its +ve terminal to -ve
terminal
• Voltage across the capacitor becomes zero

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