This document provides information about batteries as an energy source for experiments. It discusses that batteries convert chemical energy to electrical energy and provide direct current (DC) power in a portable and low-cost form. It then gives specifications for a common 9V battery, explaining voltage as electrical force and potential difference between positive and negative terminals. It also describes how to measure the voltage of a battery using a digital multimeter by connecting the probes to the battery terminals and selecting the appropriate voltage range.

1. www.mandlabs.com

2. Mand Labs presents
Battery

3. Energy Source for Experiments
• Source of Electrical Energy
• Converts Chemical Energy to
Electrical Energy
• Provides DC (direct current)
• Portable and Low Cost

4. Specifications
+ve Terminal - ve Terminal 9V

5. Voltage
• Think of V as an ‘Electrical Force’
• This electrical force creates electron
flow in a closed circuit
• Voltage = Potential difference between
two points
• In a battery, two points are + and -
• Positive: High potential
• Negative: Low potential
• Unit of potential isVolt

6. Vcc and Ground
• Voltage = (Potential of +ve terminal) − (Potential of -ve
terminal)
• Examples: 9V = 13V − 4V, 9V = 11V − 2V, 9V = 9V − 0V
• Potential of -ve terminal = 0V; it is called as Ground (GND)
• Potential of +ve terminal = 9V; it is called asVcc
• Symbol of Ground

7. Digital Multimeter

8. How to measureVoltage
• Insert Red Probe into
VΩmA slot
• Insert Black Probe into
COM slot
• Red Probe is Positive
• Black Probe is Negative

9. Rotate meter knob
to 20V inV …
__

10. Steps to measureV
• Connect Red Probe to + terminal
• Connect Black Probe to - terminal
• Note the reading

11. Range Selection
• Select the Appropriate Range
• If you get meter reading = 1
(one), then increase the range
• Range Available:
• 200m = 0.2V
• 2000m = 2V
• 20V
• 200V

12. Dangerous Stuff

13. www.mandlabs.com