This document discusses a series RL circuit where a resistor and inductor are connected in series. It explains that the current through both components is the same, while the resistor voltage is in phase with the current and the inductor voltage leads the current by 90 degrees. It describes how to calculate circuit values like impedance, power factor, and voltages using phasor diagrams where the current is used as a reference. Changing conditions like frequency, resistance, or inductance will affect values like current, voltages, power, and power factor. Review questions are provided to test understanding.
The document provides an overview of key topics in alternating current (AC) circuits covered in Chapter 31, including:
1) The use of phasors to describe sinusoidally varying quantities in AC circuits such as resistors, inductors, and capacitors.
2) Analyzing RLC series circuits driven by a sinusoidal voltage source using phasors.
3) Factors that determine the power in an AC circuit such as the current and voltage amplitudes and their phase relationship.
4) Resonance in RLC circuits and the effect of frequency on current.
5) Transformers and how they can change AC voltages and currents through electromagnetic induction.
This document provides a summary of a group presentation on series AC circuits. Group 11, consisting of Robiul Awal Robi, Abdul Wahid, and Abu Jauad Khan Aliv, will be presenting on R-L series circuits, R-C series circuits, and R-L-C series circuits. The document outlines the analysis of each circuit type, including equations for total voltage and phase angle. It also notes a special case where the inductor and capacitor impedances are equal, resulting in a purely resistive circuit with zero phase angle. Sources for the material are listed at the end.
This document discusses phasor analysis of RC, RL, and RLC circuits.
For an RC circuit, the voltage across the capacitor lags behind the current by 90 degrees. For an RL circuit, the voltage across the inductor leads the current by 90 degrees.
For an RLC circuit, the behavior depends on whether the reactance of the inductor or capacitor is higher. If the inductor reactance is higher, it behaves like an RL circuit. If the capacitor reactance is higher, it behaves like an RC circuit. If the reactances are equal, it behaves like a resistive circuit.
Okay, let's think through this step-by-step:
* When just the resistor is connected, power is 1.000 W
* When the capacitor is added, power is 0.500 W
* When the inductor is added (without the capacitor), power is 0.250 W
* Power delivered is proportional to the square of the current. As impedance increases, current decreases.
* With just the resistor, impedance is lowest so current is highest and power is 1.000 W
* Adding the capacitor increases impedance, so current decreases and power is 0.500 W
* Adding the inductor further increases impedance, so current decreases more and power is 0.250 W
1) Effective current in an AC circuit is 0.707 times the maximum current. Effective voltage is 0.707 times the maximum voltage.
2) Inductive reactance is directly proportional to frequency and inductance. Capacitive reactance is inversely proportional to frequency and capacitance.
3) Impedance is the total opposition to current flow in an AC circuit consisting of resistance and reactance. Power is consumed only by the resistive component of impedance and is proportional to the cosine of the phase angle.
This document discusses alternating voltages and currents in electrical circuits. It begins by differentiating between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC), and explaining why AC is commonly used over DC for power transmission and distribution. Some key points covered include:
- AC voltage and current waveforms oscillate back and forth rather than flowing in one constant direction.
- AC can be increased or decreased in voltage using transformers, making it more economical for transmission over long distances.
- Common sources of AC include rotating electrical machines like AC generators and electronic oscillators.
- Sinusoidal waveforms are produced by rotating coils in magnetic fields based on Faraday's and Lenz's laws. Equations are developed to
This document discusses alternating voltages and currents in electrical circuits. It introduces key concepts such as reactance of inductors and capacitors, phasor diagrams, impedance, and complex notation. Specific topics covered include defining sinusoidal voltages and currents, voltage-current relationships for resistors, inductors, and capacitors, defining reactance, using phasor diagrams to analyze circuits, defining impedance as the ratio of voltage to current in reactive circuits, and representing impedance using complex notation.
The document provides an overview of key topics in alternating current (AC) circuits covered in Chapter 31, including:
1) The use of phasors to describe sinusoidally varying quantities in AC circuits such as resistors, inductors, and capacitors.
2) Analyzing RLC series circuits driven by a sinusoidal voltage source using phasors.
3) Factors that determine the power in an AC circuit such as the current and voltage amplitudes and their phase relationship.
4) Resonance in RLC circuits and the effect of frequency on current.
5) Transformers and how they can change AC voltages and currents through electromagnetic induction.
This document provides a summary of a group presentation on series AC circuits. Group 11, consisting of Robiul Awal Robi, Abdul Wahid, and Abu Jauad Khan Aliv, will be presenting on R-L series circuits, R-C series circuits, and R-L-C series circuits. The document outlines the analysis of each circuit type, including equations for total voltage and phase angle. It also notes a special case where the inductor and capacitor impedances are equal, resulting in a purely resistive circuit with zero phase angle. Sources for the material are listed at the end.
This document discusses phasor analysis of RC, RL, and RLC circuits.
For an RC circuit, the voltage across the capacitor lags behind the current by 90 degrees. For an RL circuit, the voltage across the inductor leads the current by 90 degrees.
For an RLC circuit, the behavior depends on whether the reactance of the inductor or capacitor is higher. If the inductor reactance is higher, it behaves like an RL circuit. If the capacitor reactance is higher, it behaves like an RC circuit. If the reactances are equal, it behaves like a resistive circuit.
Okay, let's think through this step-by-step:
* When just the resistor is connected, power is 1.000 W
* When the capacitor is added, power is 0.500 W
* When the inductor is added (without the capacitor), power is 0.250 W
* Power delivered is proportional to the square of the current. As impedance increases, current decreases.
* With just the resistor, impedance is lowest so current is highest and power is 1.000 W
* Adding the capacitor increases impedance, so current decreases and power is 0.500 W
* Adding the inductor further increases impedance, so current decreases more and power is 0.250 W
1) Effective current in an AC circuit is 0.707 times the maximum current. Effective voltage is 0.707 times the maximum voltage.
2) Inductive reactance is directly proportional to frequency and inductance. Capacitive reactance is inversely proportional to frequency and capacitance.
3) Impedance is the total opposition to current flow in an AC circuit consisting of resistance and reactance. Power is consumed only by the resistive component of impedance and is proportional to the cosine of the phase angle.
This document discusses alternating voltages and currents in electrical circuits. It begins by differentiating between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC), and explaining why AC is commonly used over DC for power transmission and distribution. Some key points covered include:
- AC voltage and current waveforms oscillate back and forth rather than flowing in one constant direction.
- AC can be increased or decreased in voltage using transformers, making it more economical for transmission over long distances.
- Common sources of AC include rotating electrical machines like AC generators and electronic oscillators.
- Sinusoidal waveforms are produced by rotating coils in magnetic fields based on Faraday's and Lenz's laws. Equations are developed to
This document discusses alternating voltages and currents in electrical circuits. It introduces key concepts such as reactance of inductors and capacitors, phasor diagrams, impedance, and complex notation. Specific topics covered include defining sinusoidal voltages and currents, voltage-current relationships for resistors, inductors, and capacitors, defining reactance, using phasor diagrams to analyze circuits, defining impedance as the ratio of voltage to current in reactive circuits, and representing impedance using complex notation.
This chapter discusses impedance in alternating current circuits. It explains the characteristics and calculations for resistive-inductive and resistive-capacitive series circuits, including the phase relationships between voltage and current. Several example calculations of voltage, current, impedance and reactance in AC circuits are shown. The chapter concludes with a summary of key points and a preview of the next lesson.
Et201 chapter3 sinusoidal steady state circuit analysisnursheda
The document discusses sinusoidal steady state circuit analysis for purely resistive, inductive, and capacitive circuits. It defines key concepts like impedance, reactance, and phase relationships between voltage and current. Circuit analysis procedures are provided for series and parallel RLC circuits using phasor diagrams and equations. Key steps include calculating impedances and reactances, determining component voltages and currents using Ohm's law, and calculating the total current and phase angle.
- AC circuits use alternating current that constantly changes in amplitude and direction. This allows the magnitude to be easily changed using transformers.
- The sine wave is the most common AC waveform, defined by amplitude, frequency, phase, and time. Peak, RMS, and average amplitudes are important measurements.
- Impedance combines resistance with reactance from inductors and capacitors. Reactance depends on frequency and causes current to lead or lag voltage in circuits.
1) An AC circuit uses a power source that provides alternating current where the voltage varies sinusoidally over time.
2) In a purely resistive AC circuit, the current and voltage are in phase and their instantaneous values are proportional based on Ohm's law.
3) Capacitors and inductors introduce phase shifts in AC circuits - the current through a capacitor lags 90 degrees behind the voltage, while the current through an inductor leads the voltage by 90 degrees.
This document discusses alternating current (AC) circuits. It begins by describing how an alternating electromotive force (EMF) is generated using a coil rotating in a magnetic field. Equations are provided showing that both the induced EMF and current vary as sine functions. Common terms used in AC circuits like cycle, frequency, phase, and root mean square (RMS) value are defined. Phasor diagrams are introduced to represent AC quantities in terms of magnitude and direction. Derivations of average and RMS values are shown. Finally, a purely resistive AC circuit is analyzed, showing the current is in phase with voltage and both follow sine waves. Power calculations are also demonstrated.
The document discusses alternating current circuits and provides learning objectives and specific objectives about alternating current waveforms. It defines key terms like frequency, amplitude, average value, maximum value, and root mean square value. It explains how an alternator generates a sine wave alternating current through a rotating coil in a magnetic field. The current periodically changes direction with each half rotation of the coil.
This Slide is made of many important information which are very easily discussed in this slide briefly. I hope, after watching this slide , you will get some analytical information on Alternative Current(AC).Actually, this slide was made for my University Presentation.
The document describes an RLC series circuit containing a fully charged capacitor, inductor, and resistor. When the switch is closed at time t=0, the capacitor begins discharging and current oscillates through the circuit. The resistor dissipates some of the current, resulting in an underdamped oscillation where the amplitude of the current falls to 50% of its initial value over time.
Electrical Engineering is the Branch of Engineering. Electrical Engineering field requires an understanding of core areas including Thermal and Hydraulics Prime Movers, Analog Electronic Circuits, Network Analysis and Synthesis, DC Machines and Transformers, Digital Electronic Circuits, Fundamentals of Power Electronics, Control System Engineering, Engineering Electromagnetics, Microprocessor and Microcontroller. Ekeeda offers Online Mechanical Engineering Courses for all the Subjects as per the Syllabus Visit : https://ekeeda.com/streamdetails/stream/Electrical-Engineering
The document discusses alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC). It defines AC as current that reverses direction periodically and describes its generation from sources like power plants. Key aspects of AC covered include its sinusoidal waveform, frequency, peak and RMS values. Phasors are introduced as a way to represent AC quantities in terms of magnitude and phase. Circuit laws for resistive AC circuits are also mentioned.
This document defines key terms and concepts related to electrical circuits and networks. It discusses different types of circuits including linear/non-linear, bilateral/unilateral circuits. It also defines electrical networks and their components such as nodes, branches, loops and meshes. Finally, it covers important circuit analysis techniques including Ohm's law, Kirchhoff's laws, mesh analysis, nodal analysis and superposition theorem.
- Any steady state voltage or current in a linear circuit with a sinusoidal source is a sinusoid with the same frequency as the source. Phasors and complex impedances allow conversion of differential equations to circuit analysis by representing magnitude and phase of sinusoids.
- For a resistor, the voltage and current are in phase. In the phasor domain, the resistor phasor relationship is V=IR. In the time domain, the average power dissipated is proportional to the product of RMS current and voltage.
This document outlines the experiments for the Electrical Circuit Laboratory course handled by Mr. Karthikeyan.R. The 10 listed experiments include verifying Ohm's and Kirchoff's laws, Thevenin's and Norton's theorems, superposition theorem, maximum power transfer theorem, reciprocity theorem, measuring self-inductance of a coil, mesh and nodal analysis, transient response of RL and RC circuits, frequency response of series and parallel resonance circuits, and frequency response of single tuned coupled circuits. The course is 3 credits and totals 45 periods.
1) The document discusses DC and AC circuits, defining key concepts like voltage, current, resistance, inductance, and capacitance.
2) It describes different types of circuit elements and how they are connected in series, parallel and series-parallel configurations.
3) Kirchhoff's laws and theorems like superposition, phasor representation, and analysis of RL, RC, and RLC circuits under alternating current are explained.
1. The document discusses single phase AC circuits including definitions of terms like amplitude, time period, frequency, instantaneous value. It also discusses generation of sinusoidal AC voltage using a rotating coil.
2. Key concepts discussed include phasor representation, RMS and average values, form factor, phase difference, AC circuits with pure resistance and inductance. Instantaneous and average power calculations for resistive and inductive circuits are also presented.
3. Various waveforms, equations and phasor representations are used to explain these concepts for sinusoidal quantities in AC circuits.
The document discusses alternating current (AC) and how it reverses direction periodically unlike direct current from batteries. It then discusses simple AC circuits including resistor-capacitor (RC) circuits and how the capacitor charges and discharges over time. The document also covers applications of RC circuits including using them as filters to block or pass certain frequency ranges. Diodes are introduced which allow current to flow in only one direction, enabling their use to convert AC to DC. Finally, applications like radio tuning and Marx generators are briefly mentioned.
AC circuits usually contain inductance or capacitance which cause reactance. Reactance is resistance to current flow due to these components and is measured in ohms. There are two types of reactance - inductive reactance XL and capacitive reactance XC. Phasor diagrams can represent alternating quantities, with the phase angle between voltage and current indicating whether a circuit is resistive, capacitive, or inductive.
This document summarizes key concepts about alternating current (AC) circuits including resistors, inductors, and capacitors in AC circuits. It discusses the RLC series circuit, power in AC circuits, and resonance. It also covers transformers and how they are used for power transmission by stepping voltages up or down. Resonance occurs at the resonance frequency when the inductive reactance equals the capacitive reactance in a RLC series circuit, resulting in maximum current. Transformers use magnetic induction to change AC voltages efficiently for applications like power distribution.
This document discusses phasor diagrams and their use in analyzing AC circuits. It begins by defining phasors and explaining that phasor diagrams represent the magnitude and phase of sinusoidal voltages and currents. The document then examines phasor diagrams for pure resistive, inductive, and capacitive circuits. In a pure resistive circuit, the current and voltage are in phase. In a pure inductive circuit, the current lags the voltage by 90 degrees. In a pure capacitive circuit, the current leads the voltage by 90 degrees. Characteristics of each type of circuit are provided along with examples of phasor diagrams.
This document discusses series RL, RC, and RLC circuits. It provides phasor diagrams and equations for the complex impedance and phase relationships between voltage and current. In an RL circuit, the current lags the voltage by a phase angle φ. In an RC circuit, the current leads the voltage by φ. The power factor is defined as the cosine of the phase angle φ between voltage and current.
Institute of cell phone solutions has a high potential of certainty in training and marketing. To endorse the high quality standards Chennai cell phone service has taken a first step to hit its target economically. ICS(Institute of cell phone solutions) highly focuses its aspect on different kinds of training service. We are scheduled with Cell phone service hardware & software, Computer hardware, Smartphone service.
Visit us@http://chennaicellphoneservice.com
This chapter discusses impedance in alternating current circuits. It explains the characteristics and calculations for resistive-inductive and resistive-capacitive series circuits, including the phase relationships between voltage and current. Several example calculations of voltage, current, impedance and reactance in AC circuits are shown. The chapter concludes with a summary of key points and a preview of the next lesson.
Et201 chapter3 sinusoidal steady state circuit analysisnursheda
The document discusses sinusoidal steady state circuit analysis for purely resistive, inductive, and capacitive circuits. It defines key concepts like impedance, reactance, and phase relationships between voltage and current. Circuit analysis procedures are provided for series and parallel RLC circuits using phasor diagrams and equations. Key steps include calculating impedances and reactances, determining component voltages and currents using Ohm's law, and calculating the total current and phase angle.
- AC circuits use alternating current that constantly changes in amplitude and direction. This allows the magnitude to be easily changed using transformers.
- The sine wave is the most common AC waveform, defined by amplitude, frequency, phase, and time. Peak, RMS, and average amplitudes are important measurements.
- Impedance combines resistance with reactance from inductors and capacitors. Reactance depends on frequency and causes current to lead or lag voltage in circuits.
1) An AC circuit uses a power source that provides alternating current where the voltage varies sinusoidally over time.
2) In a purely resistive AC circuit, the current and voltage are in phase and their instantaneous values are proportional based on Ohm's law.
3) Capacitors and inductors introduce phase shifts in AC circuits - the current through a capacitor lags 90 degrees behind the voltage, while the current through an inductor leads the voltage by 90 degrees.
This document discusses alternating current (AC) circuits. It begins by describing how an alternating electromotive force (EMF) is generated using a coil rotating in a magnetic field. Equations are provided showing that both the induced EMF and current vary as sine functions. Common terms used in AC circuits like cycle, frequency, phase, and root mean square (RMS) value are defined. Phasor diagrams are introduced to represent AC quantities in terms of magnitude and direction. Derivations of average and RMS values are shown. Finally, a purely resistive AC circuit is analyzed, showing the current is in phase with voltage and both follow sine waves. Power calculations are also demonstrated.
The document discusses alternating current circuits and provides learning objectives and specific objectives about alternating current waveforms. It defines key terms like frequency, amplitude, average value, maximum value, and root mean square value. It explains how an alternator generates a sine wave alternating current through a rotating coil in a magnetic field. The current periodically changes direction with each half rotation of the coil.
This Slide is made of many important information which are very easily discussed in this slide briefly. I hope, after watching this slide , you will get some analytical information on Alternative Current(AC).Actually, this slide was made for my University Presentation.
The document describes an RLC series circuit containing a fully charged capacitor, inductor, and resistor. When the switch is closed at time t=0, the capacitor begins discharging and current oscillates through the circuit. The resistor dissipates some of the current, resulting in an underdamped oscillation where the amplitude of the current falls to 50% of its initial value over time.
Electrical Engineering is the Branch of Engineering. Electrical Engineering field requires an understanding of core areas including Thermal and Hydraulics Prime Movers, Analog Electronic Circuits, Network Analysis and Synthesis, DC Machines and Transformers, Digital Electronic Circuits, Fundamentals of Power Electronics, Control System Engineering, Engineering Electromagnetics, Microprocessor and Microcontroller. Ekeeda offers Online Mechanical Engineering Courses for all the Subjects as per the Syllabus Visit : https://ekeeda.com/streamdetails/stream/Electrical-Engineering
The document discusses alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC). It defines AC as current that reverses direction periodically and describes its generation from sources like power plants. Key aspects of AC covered include its sinusoidal waveform, frequency, peak and RMS values. Phasors are introduced as a way to represent AC quantities in terms of magnitude and phase. Circuit laws for resistive AC circuits are also mentioned.
This document defines key terms and concepts related to electrical circuits and networks. It discusses different types of circuits including linear/non-linear, bilateral/unilateral circuits. It also defines electrical networks and their components such as nodes, branches, loops and meshes. Finally, it covers important circuit analysis techniques including Ohm's law, Kirchhoff's laws, mesh analysis, nodal analysis and superposition theorem.
- Any steady state voltage or current in a linear circuit with a sinusoidal source is a sinusoid with the same frequency as the source. Phasors and complex impedances allow conversion of differential equations to circuit analysis by representing magnitude and phase of sinusoids.
- For a resistor, the voltage and current are in phase. In the phasor domain, the resistor phasor relationship is V=IR. In the time domain, the average power dissipated is proportional to the product of RMS current and voltage.
This document outlines the experiments for the Electrical Circuit Laboratory course handled by Mr. Karthikeyan.R. The 10 listed experiments include verifying Ohm's and Kirchoff's laws, Thevenin's and Norton's theorems, superposition theorem, maximum power transfer theorem, reciprocity theorem, measuring self-inductance of a coil, mesh and nodal analysis, transient response of RL and RC circuits, frequency response of series and parallel resonance circuits, and frequency response of single tuned coupled circuits. The course is 3 credits and totals 45 periods.
1) The document discusses DC and AC circuits, defining key concepts like voltage, current, resistance, inductance, and capacitance.
2) It describes different types of circuit elements and how they are connected in series, parallel and series-parallel configurations.
3) Kirchhoff's laws and theorems like superposition, phasor representation, and analysis of RL, RC, and RLC circuits under alternating current are explained.
1. The document discusses single phase AC circuits including definitions of terms like amplitude, time period, frequency, instantaneous value. It also discusses generation of sinusoidal AC voltage using a rotating coil.
2. Key concepts discussed include phasor representation, RMS and average values, form factor, phase difference, AC circuits with pure resistance and inductance. Instantaneous and average power calculations for resistive and inductive circuits are also presented.
3. Various waveforms, equations and phasor representations are used to explain these concepts for sinusoidal quantities in AC circuits.
The document discusses alternating current (AC) and how it reverses direction periodically unlike direct current from batteries. It then discusses simple AC circuits including resistor-capacitor (RC) circuits and how the capacitor charges and discharges over time. The document also covers applications of RC circuits including using them as filters to block or pass certain frequency ranges. Diodes are introduced which allow current to flow in only one direction, enabling their use to convert AC to DC. Finally, applications like radio tuning and Marx generators are briefly mentioned.
AC circuits usually contain inductance or capacitance which cause reactance. Reactance is resistance to current flow due to these components and is measured in ohms. There are two types of reactance - inductive reactance XL and capacitive reactance XC. Phasor diagrams can represent alternating quantities, with the phase angle between voltage and current indicating whether a circuit is resistive, capacitive, or inductive.
This document summarizes key concepts about alternating current (AC) circuits including resistors, inductors, and capacitors in AC circuits. It discusses the RLC series circuit, power in AC circuits, and resonance. It also covers transformers and how they are used for power transmission by stepping voltages up or down. Resonance occurs at the resonance frequency when the inductive reactance equals the capacitive reactance in a RLC series circuit, resulting in maximum current. Transformers use magnetic induction to change AC voltages efficiently for applications like power distribution.
This document discusses phasor diagrams and their use in analyzing AC circuits. It begins by defining phasors and explaining that phasor diagrams represent the magnitude and phase of sinusoidal voltages and currents. The document then examines phasor diagrams for pure resistive, inductive, and capacitive circuits. In a pure resistive circuit, the current and voltage are in phase. In a pure inductive circuit, the current lags the voltage by 90 degrees. In a pure capacitive circuit, the current leads the voltage by 90 degrees. Characteristics of each type of circuit are provided along with examples of phasor diagrams.
This document discusses series RL, RC, and RLC circuits. It provides phasor diagrams and equations for the complex impedance and phase relationships between voltage and current. In an RL circuit, the current lags the voltage by a phase angle φ. In an RC circuit, the current leads the voltage by φ. The power factor is defined as the cosine of the phase angle φ between voltage and current.
Institute of cell phone solutions has a high potential of certainty in training and marketing. To endorse the high quality standards Chennai cell phone service has taken a first step to hit its target economically. ICS(Institute of cell phone solutions) highly focuses its aspect on different kinds of training service. We are scheduled with Cell phone service hardware & software, Computer hardware, Smartphone service.
Visit us@http://chennaicellphoneservice.com
The document discusses VCR, a library for stubbing and recording HTTP interactions. It describes how VCR allows making the first HTTP request normally, then replaying the response from that request for subsequent tests. This avoids the need to maintain complex fixtures. The document also covers setting up VCR, different record modes, and matching requests.
The document introduces a novel type of battery that has several advantages over other batteries. It has the highest open cell voltage of 2.5V for a water-based chemistry battery. It can be configured as either a static battery or a rechargeable flow battery. All of the novel battery's chemicals and components are developed in-house, including the oxidizer and reductor pastes and powders, separator membrane, and conductive carbon coating. The novel battery provides a lower-cost solution for energy storage applications compared to lithium-ion or vanadium redox flow batteries.
THIS IS A POWER POINT PRESENTATION ON THE ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS, INDUCTORS AND SMPS WHICH ARE IN PRESENT IN A COMPUTER. THIS PPT DISCUSSES THE WORKING AND USAGE OF THESE ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
This document provides information about selecting the right battery for boats, motorcycles, and RVs. It discusses factors like starting power needs, deep cycle needs, and battery types. Flooded lead acid batteries are most common but AGM batteries provide advantages like being spill-proof and resistant to vibration. The document recommends using dual-purpose batteries for boats with many accessories or larger motors. RVs often use separate starting and house batteries. Motorcycles generally use sealed AGM batteries. It provides details on X2 Power AGM batteries and their benefits like being spill-proof, pure lead construction, and warranties of 3-4 years.
Every year, more than 300 deaths and 4000 injuries are recorded as a result of workplace electrical hazard. Find out, all you need to know about workplace hazards and basic electrical safety practices.
Transistors are semiconductor devices that can amplify or switch electronic signals and digital information. They consist of three terminals - emitter, base, and collector - and use doping to control the flow of current from p-type to n-type semiconductors. The transistor was invented in 1947 at Bell Labs and revolutionized electronics. Modern transistors are commonly made from doped silicon and are essential components in technologies like computers and medical devices.
1) Semiconductors exhibit characteristics between conductors and insulators. Diodes and transistors are early components made from semiconductors.
2) There are two types of semiconductors - intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic semiconductors do not contain any foreign atoms while extrinsic are created by diffusing or implanting impurities into intrinsic semiconductors.
3) Extrinsic semiconductors can be n-type or p-type depending on the impurity used - n-type uses elements like phosphorus that add free electrons, while p-type uses elements like boron that create holes. The combination of n-type and p-type materials creates the PN
What are conductors_and_insulators - نسخةsalman248
This document discusses conductors and insulators of electricity. It defines a conductor as a material that allows electricity to flow through it, providing examples like metal, water, and scissors. An insulator is defined as a material that prevents electricity from flowing, with examples such as paper, plastic, wood, and glass. The document demonstrates how to set up a simple circuit with a battery and bulb to test if a material is a conductor by seeing if the bulb lights up when placed between the wires, indicating electricity can flow through that material.
This document provides an overview of basic electrical safety. It covers fundamentals like how electricity flows through conductors and the human body. Hazards of electricity include electrocution, shocks, burns and death. It recommends keeping a minimum distance of 10 feet from overhead power lines and inspecting electrical tools for issues like frayed wires. The document also discusses electrical protection devices like circuit breakers and GFCIs, as well as grounding, terminology, and dos and don'ts of electrical safety.
Occupational Health And Safety - Electrical Equipment In The WorkplaceDarabi
This document discusses electrical safety in an office setting. It outlines potential electrical safety issues like clearing jams in office machines, liquid spills on appliances, faulty extension cords, and overloading outlets. It then provides solutions such as following safe procedures for clearing jams, keeping liquids away from electronics, having appliances inspected regularly, using extension cords temporarily, and installing larger outlets if more appliances are needed permanently. Potential electrical hazards are highlighted with examples of a pirate captain who was "hit by electricity."
This document summarizes different types of batteries, including their characteristics and applications. It discusses vented lead acid batteries, sealed maintenance free batteries, and nickel cadmium batteries. It provides details on their typical lifespans, nominal voltages, charging requirements, and suitable applications. The document concludes with advice to think big, think fast, think first, but not to claim exclusivity over thoughts.
The document discusses the three-phase squirrel cage induction motor. It describes the main components as having a stator and rotor. The rotor uses a squirrel cage construction with rotor bars short-cut by rings on both sides. It then classifies squirrel cage induction motors into six classes (A through F) based on their starting torque, starting current, slip, and common applications. Finally, it briefly lists some advantages as being no commutator/brush and low weight/cost, and disadvantages as requiring complicated power control and slower response.
Electrical Power Systems Induction motorMubarek Kurt
The document discusses induction motors, including their structure, basic concepts, equivalent circuit, power and torque characteristics, and speed control. It provides examples of calculations related to synchronous speed, slip, rotor speed, power, torque, and other induction motor parameters. It also describes methods for testing induction motors to determine their equivalent circuit components.
6) safety fire safety & electrical safety(engr. ding)Mark Terry Miraña
Fire requires fuel, heat, and an oxidizing agent like oxygen. The fire tetrahedron shows these components of fire and how they interact in a chemical chain reaction. Proper fire safety and prevention in schools involves identifying hazards, maintaining cleanliness, familiarizing oneself with emergency equipment, enforcing smoking bans, and following electrical safety procedures like checking for defects and using the proper wire sizes.
The document discusses resonance in R-L-C series and parallel circuits. In series circuits, resonance occurs when the inductive reactance (XL) equals the capacitive reactance (XC), resulting in maximum current. The resonant frequency is 1/2π√LC. In parallel circuits, resonance occurs when the current through the inductor equals the current through the capacitor, resulting in minimum current. The resonant frequency is 1/2π√(L/C - R2/L). Key differences between series and parallel resonance are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of overhead transmission and distribution lines. It discusses conductor materials like copper and aluminum, support structures like wooden poles, concrete poles, and steel towers, insulator materials like porcelain and glass, and different insulator types. The network transports power from generation stations to load centers using overhead lines consisting of these components.
This document provides an overview of standard grade electrical safety in the home. It discusses the basics of electricity, how plugs and wiring work, electrical safety devices like fuses and switches, potential electrical faults, and how the earth wire acts as a safety mechanism. Key topics covered include how electricity flows along wires, plug wiring and colors, the purpose of fuses and switches, dangers of loose live wires, and prevention of electric shock through proper earthing.
Inductors play an important role in AC circuits by opposing any changes in current through induction. The opposition is known as reactance. In an inductor, the current lags the voltage by 90 degrees. In an LCR series circuit, the voltages across each component depend on frequency and have different phase relationships. At resonance, the inductor and capacitor reactances cancel out, resulting in maximum current.
This document discusses RL circuits and their properties. It describes how inductors cause a phase shift between voltage and current in RL circuits. The impedance and phase angle of series and parallel RL circuits are determined. Power in RL circuits is analyzed, including reactive power. Power factor correction is also discussed. RL circuits can function as low-pass or high-pass filters depending on how output is measured.
1. The document discusses alternating current (AC) circuits. It provides definitions and concepts related to AC circuits, including AC voltage, current, frequency, phase difference, inductors, capacitors, and resistances.
2. It gives examples of AC circuit calculations, such as calculating maximum current, inductive reactance, and impedance in series RLC circuits.
3. The purpose is to analyze and solve problems involving AC circuits that are commonly encountered in daily life. Concept maps and examples are provided to explain key concepts in AC circuits.
This document provides an outline and objectives for a chapter on alternating current (AC) circuits. The chapter will describe AC circuits and investigate the characteristics of simple series circuits containing resistors, inductors, and capacitors driven by sinusoidal voltage. It will also illustrate the functions of transformers, power transmission, and electrical filters. The key topics are: AC sources, resistors and phasors in AC circuits, inductors which cause current to lag voltage, capacitors which cause voltage to lag current, RLC series circuits, power in AC circuits including power factor, and resonance in RLC circuits where current is maximized. Students are assigned to redraw resonance curves using Excel and read sections on transformers and rectifiers/filters.
This document provides an outline and overview of key concepts in alternating current (AC) circuits including:
1. AC sources and how AC voltage and current vary sinusoidally over time.
2. The behavior of resistors, inductors, and capacitors in AC circuits, including how their current and voltage are phase shifted.
3. Series RLC circuits and the concept of resonance where the current is at its maximum.
4. Power calculations in AC circuits and the power factor.
5. Transformers and how they are used for power transmission. Electrical filters are also discussed.
The document discusses various concepts related to electric circuits including:
- Ideal and non-ideal voltage and current sources and their characteristics
- Converting between voltage and current sources using Ohm's law
- Thevenin's and Norton's theorems for simplifying two-terminal circuits
- Superposition theorem for analyzing circuits with multiple sources
- Maximum power transfer occurring when load resistance equals source resistance
Alternating current signal
AC means Alternating Current and DC means Direct Current. AC and DC are also used when referring to voltages and electrical signals which are not currents! For example: a 12V AC power supply has an alternating voltage (which will make an alternating current flow).
The Parallel RLC Circuit is the exact opposite to the series circuit we looked at in the previous tutorial although some of the previous concepts and equations still apply.
Experimental verification of network theorems, ugc practical physics s_paulspaul15
This document describes an experiment to verify several network theorems including Thevenin's theorem, Norton's theorem, superposition theorem, and the maximum power transfer theorem. The experiment uses a Wheatstone bridge circuit with resistors R1-R4 and a voltage source. Measurements are taken at various load resistances RL and graphs are plotted to experimentally determine the Thevenin resistance Rth, Thevenin voltage Vth, Norton current In, and maximum power transfer. Direct measurements are also taken and compared to theoretical calculations to verify the network theorems.
This document provides an overview of an electrical circuits power point presentation for a B.Tech II semester engineering course. The presentation was prepared by several course instructors and covers topics such as potential difference, basic circuit components, Ohm's law, series and parallel circuits, Kirchhoff's laws, and mesh analysis. It defines key concepts like voltage, current, resistance, and power. Examples are provided to illustrate calculations for series, parallel and compound circuits. Transformation techniques like star-delta are also explained. The goal is to introduce foundational electrical circuit analysis concepts.
This document discusses capacitors and inductors in electrical circuits. It explains that capacitors store charge and consist of two conductive plates separated by an insulator. Inductors create a magnetic field when current flows through a coil of wire. The key points are:
1) Capacitance is measured in Farads and relates the amount of charge stored to the voltage. Current leads voltage in a capacitor by 90 degrees.
2) Inductance opposes changes in current. Voltage leads current in an inductor by 90 degrees.
3) Impedance represents the total opposition to current in an AC circuit and can be calculated using resistance, inductive reactance, and capacitive reactance.
This document provides information on different electrical concepts including:
- Voltage, current, and resistance definitions.
- Electric power formula using voltage, current, energy, and time.
- Active and passive electronic components and their definitions.
- Ohm's law relating voltage, current, and resistance.
- Current and voltage division rules for circuits with parallel and series resistors.
- Ideal and non-ideal voltage and current sources and their characteristics.
- Examples of calculations using the concepts covered.
Inductance is produced in a coil by a changing magnetic field from an alternating current supply, which opposes the supply current. In an AC circuit containing both resistance and inductance, the impedance Z is equal to the square root of resistance R squared plus reactance XL squared. The current lags the applied voltage by an angle θ between 0 and 90 degrees, as calculated by the tangent of θ being equal to XL over R.
Okay, here are the steps to solve this problem:
1) The circuit consists of two resistors (R1 and R2) in series. So we can find the total resistance (Rt) by adding the individual resistances:
Rt = R1 + R2
= 2 Ω + 3 Ω
= 5 Ω
2) Use Ohm's Law to calculate the current drawn (I) from the battery:
V = I × R
5 V = I × 5 Ω
I = 5 V/5 Ω
= 1 A
Therefore, the current drawn from the 5 volt battery is 1 Ampere (1 A).
This document provides a summary of a seminar presentation on analyzing single phase AC circuits. The presentation covered various circuit elements in AC circuits including resistors, inductors, and capacitors in both series and parallel configurations. It discussed the concepts of impedance, phase relationships between voltage and current, and resonance. Resonance occurs when the inductive and capacitive reactances are equal, resulting in maximum current flow. The key topics were analyzing purely resistive, inductive, and capacitive circuits, and combinations using circuit laws and phasor diagrams.
This chapter describes RC circuits and their behavior when a sinusoidal voltage is applied. Key points include: the current in an RC circuit leads the source voltage; resistor voltage is in phase with current while capacitor voltage lags current by 90 degrees; impedance of a series RC circuit decreases with increasing frequency while the phase angle decreases; and RC circuits can be used as phase shifters or filters.
A capacitor in an AC circuit leads the voltage by 90 degrees. As frequency increases, capacitive reactance decreases and maximum current increases. For a 2-μF capacitor connected to a 120-V, 60-Hz source, the effective current is 90.5 mA and peak current is 128 mA.
Similar to 1 ph topic 8 resistors and inductors in series (20)
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2. This diagram shows the waveform
relationship that would be
generated when you connect a
Resistor and Inductor in series.
OhmsL
VR
IT
VL
When you place a resistor in an
AC circuit the voltage and
current are in phase.
An Inductor however, produces a
phase shift between its voltage
and current of 900
, with the
current lagging the volts
4. In a DC series circuit, the current is the same value for all componentsIn a DC series circuit, the current is the same value for all components
connected in that circuit.connected in that circuit.
The series AC circuit has this same relationship.The series AC circuit has this same relationship.
So the current flowing through the Resistor and Inductor are the sameSo the current flowing through the Resistor and Inductor are the same
value.value.
This current must be supplied from the power source, so the sourceThis current must be supplied from the power source, so the source
current must also be equal to this value.current must also be equal to this value.
100Ω
OhmsL
0.320
A
IT = IR = IL
5. Again you use Ohm’s Law and componentAgain you use Ohm’s Law and component
values from either the Resistor or Inductorvalues from either the Resistor or Inductor
to find current.to find current.
IR = VR ÷ R IL = VL÷ XL
IT = IR = IL
7. When you use a Phasor diagram in a series circuit, theWhen you use a Phasor diagram in a series circuit, the CURRENT is
used as the REFERENCE because it is common to all components inbecause it is common to all components in
that circuit.that circuit.
The reference is always on the X axis at 00
.
VR
IT
VL
VR
VL
IT
A Resistor has a phase relationship of 0A Resistor has a phase relationship of 000
between its current andbetween its current and
voltage i.e. the are in phasevoltage i.e. the are in phase..
The Inductor phase relationship is different, with the Inductor voltageThe Inductor phase relationship is different, with the Inductor voltage
leading the Inductor current by 90leading the Inductor current by 9000
..
8. Because this is a RL circuit, theBecause this is a RL circuit, the circuit phasor diagram will also be awill also be a
combination thecombination the Resistor phasor and theand the Inductor phasor..
So the two voltage phasors are combined, with the circuit currentSo the two voltage phasors are combined, with the circuit current
phasor being used as the reference.phasor being used as the reference.
We now have two voltagesWe now have two voltages
((VR andand VL) operating at 90) operating at 9000
to each other.to each other.
VR
VL
IT
This is the phase
relationship for this circuit
9. When you have two voltages operating at 90When you have two voltages operating at 9000
, the resultant voltage, the resultant voltage
(VT, or circuit voltage) is equal to the phasor addition of theis equal to the phasor addition of the X axis
voltagevoltage (VR) and theand the Y axis voltagevoltage (VL)
22
CRT VVV +=
22
LRT VVV +=
22
LTR VVV −=
22
RTL VVV −=
VR
VL
IT
VT
You can use Pythagoras Theorem to find the
resultant (Hypotenuse)
You can also use Pythagoras Theorem to find
the X and Y values (Adjacent & Opposite)
10. Both the resistor and inductor produce aBoth the resistor and inductor produce a
voltage drop across themselvesvoltage drop across themselves
proportional to their opposition and theproportional to their opposition and the
current flowing through them.current flowing through them.
(OHMS LAW)(OHMS LAW)
VR = IR x R VL = IL x XL
11. PROBLEMS (PROBLEMS (all circuits 50Hz)all circuits 50Hz)
1. A series RL circuit has a resistor volts of 60v and an inductor
volts of 100v. The supply voltage is?
2. In a series RL circuit the supply volts is 240v and the resistor
volts is 180v. The inductor voltage is?
3. A RL circuit has a supply voltage of 1500v and the inductor has
a voltage of 560v. The resistor voltage is?
116.6 V
158.7 V
1391.6 V
4. An RL circuit has a resistance of 150Ω and the circuit current is 4.0A.
The resistor voltage is?
5. An RL circuit has a reactance of 60Ω and the circuit current is 1.5A.
The inductor voltage is?
6. An RL circuit has a current of 15A and the inductor voltage is 400V.
The inductor value is?
7. An RL circuit has a current of 7A and the resistor voltage is 150V. The
resistor value is?
600 V
90 V
84.9mH
21.48 Ω
13. Resistors and Inductors both provide opposition to circuit current flow.
Resistors have Resistance measured in Ohms.
Inductors have Inductive Reactance (XL) also in Ohms.
VL
IT R
XL
VR
This diagram shows the phase relationship that
exists between the Resistance and the Inductive
Reactance.
It is the same phase relationship that the component
voltages have.
14. Both components provide opposition to the circuit current.Both components provide opposition to the circuit current.
The issue is the Resistance is 90The issue is the Resistance is 9000
out of phase with the Inductiveout of phase with the Inductive
reactance (Xreactance (XLL).).
Because of this phase angle, you can only find the total oppositionBecause of this phase angle, you can only find the total opposition
by the phasor addition of R and Xby the phasor addition of R and XLL
R
XL
15. When any AC circuit has a combination of different components connected in it,
the circuit total opposition is called IMPEDANCE.
R
XL
So this circuit has some value of R (due to the Resistor) and
some value of XL (due to the Inductor), but the total circuit
opposition is the phasor addition of R and XL.
IMPEDANCE (Z) measured in Ohms.
Z
16. The circuit Impedance is found by theThe circuit Impedance is found by the
phasor addition of these two values.phasor addition of these two values.
22
LXRZ +=
22
LXZR −=
22
RZX L −=
R
XL
Z
As with the voltage phasor you can also use
Pythagoras Theorem to find the X and Y values
(Adjacent & Opposite)
17. The circuit impedance can also be found byThe circuit impedance can also be found by
Z = VT ÷ IT
so
IT = VT ÷ Z
And
VT = Z x IT
The value of the Resistance and Inductive Reactance can be found byThe value of the Resistance and Inductive Reactance can be found by
using component values.using component values.
R = VR ÷ IR XL = VL ÷ IL
18. PROBLEMS (PROBLEMS (all circuits 50Hz)all circuits 50Hz)
1. A series RL circuit has a resistor of 60 Ω and a reactance of 100Ω.
The circuit impedance is?
2. In a series RL circuit the impedance is 240Ω and the resistor is 180Ω.
The inductor value is?
3. An RL circuit has an impedance of 1500Ω and the inductor has a
reactance of 560Ω. The resistor value is?
116.6 Ω
505 mH
1391.6 Ω
4. An RL circuit has an impedance of 150Ω and the circuit voltage is
400V. The circuit current is?
5. An RL circuit has a circuit current of 15A and the circuit voltage is
200V. The circuit impedance is?
6. An RL circuit has a resistance of 180Ω and the resistor voltage is 40V.
The circuit current is?
7. An RL circuit has a circuit current of 7.5A. The circuit voltage is 400V and
the resistor voltage is 200V . The value of the resistor and inductor are?
2.67 A
0.22 A
R=26.7 Ω
L=147mH
13.33 Ω
20. The phase angle in any circuit is determined by the value of theThe phase angle in any circuit is determined by the value of the
components in the circuit.components in the circuit.
When you use Phasors to determine valuesWhen you use Phasors to determine values in a series circuit, the
phase angle in the Voltage Phasor is the same angle in the
Impedance Phasor.
VR
VL
IT
VT
R
XL
Z
Phase angle
anywhere between
near 00
and near 900
Phase angle
anywhere between
near 00
and near 900
21. The phase angle can vary anywhere betweenThe phase angle can vary anywhere between ≈≈ 0 degrees (large R0 degrees (large R
value) andvalue) and ≈≈ 90 degrees (large inductor value)90 degrees (large inductor value) depending on thedepending on the
component values in the circuit.component values in the circuit.
Phase angle
anywhere between
near 00
and near 900
VR
VL
VT
IT
Note:- φ is the same angle for the impedance and voltage phasor.
22. If (VT or Z) and (VL or XL) are known.
We can use Sin θ
Sin-1 is used to determine the angle in degrees from the known sin value.
Sin θ = VL ÷ VT
VL
VT
IT
XL
Z
θ
θ
Sin θ = XL ÷ Z
23. If (VT or Z) and (VR or R) are known.
We can use CosWe can use Cos θθ
Cos-1 is used to determine the angle in degrees from the known Cos value.
Cos θ = VR ÷ VT
VR
VT
IT R
Z
θ
θ
Cos θ = R ÷ Z
24. If (If (VR or R) and (VL or XL) are known.are known.
We can use TanWe can use Tan θθ
Tan-1 is used to determine the angle in degrees from the known Tan value.
Tan θ = VL ÷ VR
VR
VL
IT R
XL
θ
θ
Tan θ = XL ÷ R
26. Power factor indicatesPower factor indicates how efficient the circuit current is converted tohow efficient the circuit current is converted to
true power and is determined bytrue power and is determined by the phase relationship that existsthe phase relationship that exists
between the supply voltage and current in a circuit.between the supply voltage and current in a circuit.
Power factor = Cos φ
Phase angle
anywhere between
near 00
and near 900
VR
VL
VT
IT
Remember, voltage is always used as the reference
27. The phase angle can vary anywhere betweenThe phase angle can vary anywhere between ≈≈ 0 degrees0 degrees
(large R) and(large R) and ≈≈ 90 degrees (large X90 degrees (large XLL value).value).
The component values in the circuit determine this.The component values in the circuit determine this.
Therefore the power factor can be betweenTherefore the power factor can be between ≈≈ 0 and0 and ≈≈ 1(unity)1(unity)
lagging.lagging.
The word lagging tells use that the circuit current is lagging the circuit voltage.
VR
VL
VT
IT
Power factor
near 1(unity)
Power factor
near 0 lag So the power factor can
be between these limits
29. The power dissipated by a combined circuit is determined only by the
resistive component in the circuit.
Pure Inductors consume no power.
P = IT x VT x COS φ (Circuit values)
Because the power of a circuit is determined by the resistive
component only, the phasor representation for power is drawn on
the X AXIS.
Power
30. The power can also be found by using
resistor component values.
P = IR
2
x R
P = VR
2
÷ R
P = IR x VR
32. Reactive power is the wattless power
taken by the reactive components
measured in var.
The reactive power is drawn by the
inductor, therefore the phasor
representation for Q is drawn on the
Y AXIS.
QL
The inductor is a reactive component which
consumes energy to establish its magnetic field
during the first quarter cycle but returns the
energy back to the supply in the next quarter
cycle when the inductor discharges.
The power required to achieve this is called
Reactive Power.
33. The power equations you have been using can be usedThe power equations you have been using can be used
to determine VAR by substituted P with Q and R beingto determine VAR by substituted P with Q and R being
substituted withsubstituted with
XXLL
QL = IL
2
x XL ; QL = VL
2
÷ XL ; QL = IL x VL
(Note:- these formula are used with component values only)
QT = IT x VT x sinφ
(Note:- this formula is used with circuit values only)
35. When an inductor and resistor are connected into a circuit,When an inductor and resistor are connected into a circuit,
there will be Power and VAR developed in the circuit.there will be Power and VAR developed in the circuit.
The phase relationship is such that the power is always onThe phase relationship is such that the power is always on
the X axis while the VAR is on the Y axis.the X axis while the VAR is on the Y axis.
Power
Reactive
power
36. We now have an X and Y axisWe now have an X and Y axis
components.components.
When we have this relationship, we canWhen we have this relationship, we can
find the Phasor sum of these tofind the Phasor sum of these to
determine the Total power.determine the Total power.
In AC circuits, the phasor addition of theseIn AC circuits, the phasor addition of these
Powers is called thePowers is called the
APPARENT POWERAPPARENT POWER
(S)(S)
measured in VA (volt x amps).measured in VA (volt x amps). P
QL
True Power
ReactivePower
S
Apparent Power
38. The Apparent power in any circuit can byThe Apparent power in any circuit can by
also found byalso found by
S = IS = ITT x Vx VTT
39. Note:-Note:- φφ is the same value for theis the same value for the
Impedance, Power and Voltage phasorImpedance, Power and Voltage phasor..
Phase angle
anywhere between
near 00
and near 900
R Values
L Values
Circuit Values
IT
41. The frequency of the supply will determine the value of
inductive reactance in the circuit.
Therefore if the inductive reactance changes with
frequency, then the circuit impedance, power, var,
phase angle, current and voltage drops will also
change.
42. For a RL series connected circuitFor a RL series connected circuit
Indicate what will happen to these if the frequency is reduced?
Current VR
VL
Power Power
Factor
Indicate what will happen to these if the resistance is increased?
Current VR
VL
Power Power
Factor
Indicate what will happen to these if the inductor value is increased?
Current VR
VL
Power Power
Factor
43. For Resistor and Inductors connected in series,For Resistor and Inductors connected in series,
The current value is the same through all componentsThe current value is the same through all components
The Resistor voltage is in phase with the circuit current
The Inductor voltage is leading the circuit current by 900
The supply voltage is found by the phasor addition of VR and VL
The Resistance value is always drawn on the X axis.
The Inductive Reactance is at 900
to the resistance and is drawn
on the Y axis.
The total opposition is called Impedance and is measured in Ohms.
The Impedance is found by the phasor addition of R and XL.
45. 2.. A circuit draws a current of 6.8 amps when connected to a 400v supply. If theA circuit draws a current of 6.8 amps when connected to a 400v supply. If the
reactive power of the circuit is 2.2 kVAR the power factor is ?reactive power of the circuit is 2.2 kVAR the power factor is ?
3. A circuit develops 5kVAR when connected to a 200v supply with a power factor ofA circuit develops 5kVAR when connected to a 200v supply with a power factor of
0.75 lag. The current drawn by this circuit is?0.75 lag. The current drawn by this circuit is?
4. A circuit has a resistance of 5 ohms and a reactance of 6 ohms when a 50hzA circuit has a resistance of 5 ohms and a reactance of 6 ohms when a 50hz
supply is connected. Determine circuit impedance and angle by which load currentsupply is connected. Determine circuit impedance and angle by which load current
would lag the voltage.would lag the voltage.
5. A winding has 50 ohms of resistance and 0.2h of inductance. It is connectedA winding has 50 ohms of resistance and 0.2h of inductance. It is connected
across a 240v, 50hz supply. Calculate the:across a 240v, 50hz supply. Calculate the:
(a) inductive reactance(a) inductive reactance
(b) impedance(b) impedance
(c) circuit current(c) circuit current
(d) angle by which the current lags the voltage.(d) angle by which the current lags the voltage.
(e) power consumed(e) power consumed
(f) power factor(f) power factor
5184 VAR
0.59 Lag
37.88 A
7.8 Ω @ 50.20
1. A circuit is connected to a 240v 50hz supply and draws a current of 27 amps.
If the power factor is 0.6 lagging ,what is the VAR of the circuit?
80.3 Ω
51.480
62.83 Ω
2.99 A
447 W
0.623 Lag
46. 47.17 Ω
55.86 Ω
4.3 A
57.520
553.8 W
2.25 Ω
7.9 mH
6. A winding has 30 ohms of resistance and 0.15h of inductance. It is to be. A winding has 30 ohms of resistance and 0.15h of inductance. It is to be
connected to a 240v, 50hz supply. Calculate the:connected to a 240v, 50hz supply. Calculate the:
(a) inductive reactance(a) inductive reactance
(b) impedance(b) impedance
(c) circuit current(c) circuit current
(d) angle by which the current lags the voltage.(d) angle by which the current lags the voltage.
(e) power(e) power
7. A RL series circuit takes 2000w of power and has a power factor of 0.67lag. A RL series circuit takes 2000w of power and has a power factor of 0.67lag
when it is connected to a 100V, 50 Hz supply. Calculate.when it is connected to a 100V, 50 Hz supply. Calculate.
(a) the value of the resistor(a) the value of the resistor
(b) the value of the inductor(b) the value of the inductor