Digital libraries provide users with organized access to large repositories of digital information and knowledge from around the world. They extend physical libraries by allowing remote access to more resources and enabling new ways of accessing and sharing information. Digital libraries integrate multiple information sources, support various media formats, and provide advanced search capabilities while preserving traditional library functions of collection, organization, access, and preservation. Several major projects in the United States and Europe are working to develop technologies to build large-scale digital libraries in various subject domains.
This presentation is made during the 4th CERN-UNESCO School on Digital libraries 2016. African libraries are invited to focus more in content, especially the local one, rather than software issues when they build digital libraries.
This presentation is made during the 4th CERN-UNESCO School on Digital libraries 2016. African libraries are invited to focus more in content, especially the local one, rather than software issues when they build digital libraries.
Includes the definition of Digital Library, it's history, advantages and disadvantages, major issues and challenges, example of digital libraries and digital library software.
A presentation on basic concepts of digital library by Rupesh Kumar A, Assistant Professor, Department of Studies and Research in Library and Information Science, Tumkur University, Karnataka, India.
Lecture presented by Fernan R. Dizon at PAARL's Conference on the theme "The Power of Convergence: Technology and Connectivity in the 21st Century Library and Information Services" held on Nov. 11-13, 2009 at St Paul College, Pasig City
Introduction to digital libraries - definitions, examples, concepts and trend...Olaf Janssen
This presentation gives an introduction to digital libraries.
It first explores different defintions of the phrase "Digital Library".
It then looks at 11 real life examples of digital library websites (slides 44-112), including Europeana, Google Books, Flickr the Commons, Delpher, Wikisource, The Memory of the Netherlands and Project Gutenberg. Each of these DLs is assessed against five different criteria (concepts, properties)
- Content/User experience
- Cultural heritage domain (libraries, archives, museums, AV-institutions)
- Controlled / run by
- Content providing parties
- User involvement
Many references are made to Web2.0-concepts from Tim O'Reilly's article http://www.oreilly.com/pub/a/web2/archive/what-is-web-20.html
From these 11x5 = 55 datapoints 6 trend plots are drawn (slides 116-166) to show "what is hot" and "what is not" in the current DL-landscape. Key slide summarizing this = no 168
Finally, some strategies for content & brand distribution of DLs are being discussed (SEO, Wikipedia, social & ego networks) , as well as some financial trends in DLs
This presentation was given by Olaf Janssen (National Library of the Netherlands - KB) as a lecture for students of the master's course "The Library" at Leiden University, most recently on 3-11-2016.
This project report deliberates the new activities, methods and technology used in digitization and formation of digital libraries. It set out some key points involved and the detailed plans required in the process, offers pieces of advice and guidance for the practicing Librarians and Information scientists. Digital Libraries are being created today for diverse communities and in different fields e.g. education, science, culture, development, health, governance and so on. With the availability of several free digital Library software packages at the recent time, the creation and sharing of information through the digital library collections has become an attractive and feasible proposition for library and information professionals around the world. The paper ends with a call to integrate digitization into the plans and policies of any institution to maximize its effectiveness.
Includes the definition of Digital Library, it's history, advantages and disadvantages, major issues and challenges, example of digital libraries and digital library software.
A presentation on basic concepts of digital library by Rupesh Kumar A, Assistant Professor, Department of Studies and Research in Library and Information Science, Tumkur University, Karnataka, India.
Lecture presented by Fernan R. Dizon at PAARL's Conference on the theme "The Power of Convergence: Technology and Connectivity in the 21st Century Library and Information Services" held on Nov. 11-13, 2009 at St Paul College, Pasig City
Introduction to digital libraries - definitions, examples, concepts and trend...Olaf Janssen
This presentation gives an introduction to digital libraries.
It first explores different defintions of the phrase "Digital Library".
It then looks at 11 real life examples of digital library websites (slides 44-112), including Europeana, Google Books, Flickr the Commons, Delpher, Wikisource, The Memory of the Netherlands and Project Gutenberg. Each of these DLs is assessed against five different criteria (concepts, properties)
- Content/User experience
- Cultural heritage domain (libraries, archives, museums, AV-institutions)
- Controlled / run by
- Content providing parties
- User involvement
Many references are made to Web2.0-concepts from Tim O'Reilly's article http://www.oreilly.com/pub/a/web2/archive/what-is-web-20.html
From these 11x5 = 55 datapoints 6 trend plots are drawn (slides 116-166) to show "what is hot" and "what is not" in the current DL-landscape. Key slide summarizing this = no 168
Finally, some strategies for content & brand distribution of DLs are being discussed (SEO, Wikipedia, social & ego networks) , as well as some financial trends in DLs
This presentation was given by Olaf Janssen (National Library of the Netherlands - KB) as a lecture for students of the master's course "The Library" at Leiden University, most recently on 3-11-2016.
This project report deliberates the new activities, methods and technology used in digitization and formation of digital libraries. It set out some key points involved and the detailed plans required in the process, offers pieces of advice and guidance for the practicing Librarians and Information scientists. Digital Libraries are being created today for diverse communities and in different fields e.g. education, science, culture, development, health, governance and so on. With the availability of several free digital Library software packages at the recent time, the creation and sharing of information through the digital library collections has become an attractive and feasible proposition for library and information professionals around the world. The paper ends with a call to integrate digitization into the plans and policies of any institution to maximize its effectiveness.
Introduction
Digital Library: Concept and Definition
Characteristics of Digital Library
Advantages and Disadvantages of Digital Library
Digital / Electronic Resources
Digitization and Preservation
IPR and DRM Issues of Digital Resources
Digital Library initiatives in India
This Topic is very useful for all types of Cometetive Examiations of Library Science Students communiy.
use nd benefit ffor your bright future..Dr.Anjaiah M
INNOVATION AND RESEARCH (Digital Library Information Access)Libcorpio
Innovation and research, Digital Library Information Access, LIS Education, Library and Information Science, LIS Studies, Information Management, Education and Learning, Library science, Information science, Digital Libraries, Research on Digital Libraries, DL, Innovation in libraries and publishing, Areas of Research for DL, Information Discovery, Collection Management and Preservation, Interoperability, Economic, Social and Legal Issues, Core Topics In Digital Libraries, DL Research Around The World
Digitization of Library Resources in Academic Libraries: Challenges and Impli...iosrjce
The advent of information and communication technology (ICT) has made imperative that library
holdings must be both in digital format and traditional format. Converting the analog library holdings to digital
format is indeed a herculean task. This paper discusses these challenges and proffered solutions.
ABSTRACT : A digital is an organized collection of electronic resources. Digital library is a very complex and dynamic entity. It has brought phenomenal change in information collection, preservation and dissemination scene of the world. It is complex entity because it completely based on ICT systems. A distinction is often made between content that was created in a digital format, known as born-digital, and information that has been converted from a physical medium, e.g. paper, by digitizing. It should also be noted that not all electronic content is in digital data format. The term hybrid library is sometimes used for libraries that have both physical collections and electronic collections for example: American Memory is a digital library within the Library of Congress.
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Library and Information Services are playing a vital role in digital era. Library services are
now depends upon the Information and Communication Technology. This paper is highlight the
services of libraries with new technology. It identify the various components of ICT. It also definethe functions and challenges of ICT based library services
e-Governance is the ICT-enabled route to achieving good governance.
An e-library is a library in which collections are stored in digital formats (as opposed to print, microform, or other media) and accessible by computers. The digital content may be stored locally, or accessed remotely via computer networks.
As a part of my regular academic activities under the course “Globalization and Governance (PA-322)”, I was assigned to plan for making department’s seminar an e-library .
This document contains an e-Library Manifesto which introduces the relevant ‘systems’. It describes the main concepts characterising these systems, i.e., content, user, functionality, quality, policy and architecture. It also describes the reference frameworks needed to clarify the e-Library Reference Architecture.
This e-library will meet the needs and passions of teachers and students and the learning styles of the latter of the department .
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
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• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
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Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
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COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
2. Digital libraries are systems providing user with
coherent access to a very large, organized repository ofinformation
and knowledge Digital library is a global virtual library. The library
of thousands of networked electronic libraries from the down of
civilization, the intellectual brains have pouredtheir omniscience in
different directions in shape of print and non-print form to
enlightened mass to explore multifarious research and development.
Several terms have been coined at different times to represent the
concept of library without books. Libraries having information in
computer readable format or having access to information in digital
format have risen to an unexpected hight and thereby the traditional
libraries were conformed to problems to meet the instant growing
demands of the user communities for their multidimensional
approaches. Recent advances in the information world have
transformed the role of library in disseminating information to user.
Increase in the number of user and their different needs have made
modem libraries to apply new communication technology. As a
result ofthis there is a worldwide need and trend to collect organize
manage, protect and distribute information in digital form.
1. Concept of Digital Library
The terms, which have been in vogue at different
times, include paperless library, virtual library, and electronic
library online library, desktop library, andpolyglot library, library
without boundaries and more recently digital libraries.1The term
Digital library in broad sense is a computerized system that allows
usersto obtain acoherentmeansofaccesstoanorganizedelectronically
stored repository of information and data.
3. • Collection in which complete contents of documents are
created and converted to computer possible form for online
access.
• Online databases and CD-ROMinformationproducts.
• Computer storage devices on which information repositories
reside such as optical disc, Juke bases DVDROMtowers etc.
• Database including library catalogue accessible through the
Internet.
2
• Computerized networked library system.
The digital library is making the library undergo
a change in the paradigm o f its role to create organize and
distribution o f information resources. A digital library is a
distributed electronic collection that covers virtually allfields of
human endeavor to serve the defined community.3
Digital libraries are logical extension and
augmentations of physical library. They extend and augment their
physical counterparts by extending existing resources and services
and enable development ofnew possibilities for information access
and Retrieval in other worlds Electronic library based on digitalized
data is text replacing the paper based records and that is why with
the help of networking one can have access to resources round the
clock. The advantage includes resources sharing, documents delivery
services and data transmission in a minimal duration.
The collection ofinformation image graphics etc.
ina digital librarywithoutanygeographical circumscribearedisseminated
in all digitized form through internet which are accessed by the
network services provider and millions of users connect their PC’s
through Digital collection services using local Area Network (LAN)
Technology to get a transformed authentic, pin pointed information.
4. 2. Digital Library: A Brief Expression
Clifford Lynch a well know expert on Internet
and web technology, defined digital library as “ Systemproviding a
community of users with coherent access to a large organized
repository of information and knowledge. The digital library is not
? 4
just one entity, but multiple sources are seamlessly integrated. ”
According to R. Smith digital libraries are
“ Controlled collection ofinformation bearing objects (IBOS) that
are in digitalform and that may be organized, accessed, evaluated
and used by means o f heterogeneous and extensible set of
distributedservices that are supported by digital technology. ”
According to E.A. Fox. the digital library may
defined as the “ New way ofcarrying out thefunction of libraries
encompassing new types ofinformation resources, new approaches
to acquisition, new methods of storage and preservations, new
approaches to classification and cataloguing intensive use of
electronic system and networks and dramatis shifts in intellectual
organizational and electronicpractices. ”6
According to computer professionals, a digital
library may be simply a distributed text based information system a
collection of distributed space, inters linked information or a
networked multimedia information system.
According to researchers “ The digital Libraries
is a support tool of learning in both formal an informal manners for
high technology users ofworld wide web (www), the digital library
provides the enhancement in performance organization usability and
functionality”.
5. 3. Attributes of digital library
Based on the digital library projects and
architectures described earlier, we can arrive at an indicative list of
important features of digital library. It is not intended to be an
exhaustive listnor does it suggestthat a specific digital library should
possess all the features.
Key features: - A digital library is expected to support the
following features.
• Provide access to very large information collection(s)
• Focus onprovidingaccess toprimary (orcomplete) information
not merely surrogates or indexes.
• Support multi media content
• Network accessible Provide user-friendly interface
• Use declarative representation ofdocument (e.g. taggedsmall
text) in addition or as against image, postscript, etc.forms
• Unique referencing ofdigital objects
• Enable linkrepresentation to local external object (hypertext)
• Clearly separate the digital library and the user interfaces by
employing client server architecture.
• Support traditionallibrary mission ofcollection development
organization. Access andpreservation.
• Support advanced search and retrieval
• Availablefor a very time
7
• Integratepersonal group enterprisepublic digital library.
6. 4. Technical issues in the development of digital libraries
Some ofthe major Technological challenges and
issues drawing the attention of workers in this area include.
• High band with computer network supporting efficient multi
media document transfer
• Open communicationprotocols (client-sever, e.g. z39.50forIR)
• Information access tools (browse,display and search tools)
• Meta database (databased that describe andprovide links to
other databases/Information sources
• Electronicpublishing tools (personal, institutional,publisher)
• Data compression
• Digital storage
• Scanning and conversion technologies
• Media integration technologies (multi-media)
• Advanced retrieval, indexing, natural languageprocessing,
routing andfiltering
• Documentdescriptionandrepresentationstandards (e.g. SGML)
• Inter operability (how do multiple digital libraries interact)
g
• Privacy, authentication and security.
5. Some of the Exiting Digital library project
Several digital library projects have been
undertaken since the past couple of years mainly in USA and
Europe. Chiefamong these are the NSF/ARPA/AASA fundedproject
initiatives.
7. 5.1 NSF/ARPA/NASA digital libraries project
initiatives
Funded through ajoint initiate ofthe national science
foundation (NSF), DepartmentofdefenseAdvancedResearch
Project Agency (ARPA), and the National Aeronautics and
spaceAdministration (NASA), U.S.A., TheInitiative’sfocus ison
todramaticallyadvancethemeanstocollect, store, andorganize
informationindigitalforms, andmakeitavailableforsearching,
Retrieval andprocessing via communication networks all the
userfriendly ways.9It mug be noted that all these projects
include strong participation by external agencies from the
industry, and outher research instates.
5.2 Information digital video library
Located at Carnegie Mellon University, the objective of
this project is to develop technologies for full content search
and retrieval from digital video libraries. Theproject team is
crating a test bedtoenableK -12 [10+2 level inIndia] student
to access, explore, and relieve science and Mathematics
Materialsfrom the digital video library combining speech,
imageandnaturallanguagecapabilities. It will initiallycontain
1000 hours ofvideo.10
5.3 Illinois digital Library Project
Thisislocatedat UniversityofIllinois, UrbanaChampaign
Focus here is onproviding comprehensivesearch and display
ofcomplete contents ofarticles, includingtextfigures equations
and tables to articlesfrom engineering and sciencejournals
obtained in SGMLformat directly the major partners is
publishing industry. Some ofthe software andprotocols
used include mosaic, BRS search, Z39.50 etc"
8. 5.4 Alexandria Digital Library Project
Locatedat UniversityofCaliforniaSantaBarbara, goal
ofproject is toprovideaccess tocollectionsofvarietyofspatial
information, includingdigitizedmaps, images, airphotos, and
othergraphical information, relating to the counties ofSanta
Barbara, venture andLOS Angeles in California state. The
range ofuses include school children academic researchers
and the generalpublic.'2
5.5 University of Michigan Digital Library Project
(U.M.D.L.)
The UMDLprojectfocuses on earth andspacesciences.
A relatedproject, thejournal storageproject with dignities
andmakeavailableal issuesfrom thefirstpublication through
1990 of 10 economicsjournals.13
5.6 University of Berkeley digital project
The goal ofthisproject is to develop technologiesfor
intelligent access to massive distributed collections of
molt-media documents in including Photographs, satellite,
images and Videos,full text documents, comprising multiple
terra byte databases.'4
5.7 University of California CD-ROM Information
System
This systemprovides online access toa CD-ROMbased
database through the web consisting o fpublishedfederal
(U.S.gov) statistics covering 1990 census andforeing trade
data, equivalent ofabout 26000 books, Roughly 135 GB of
data is stored on 270CD-ROMdiscs handely by 45 Pioneer
6disks CD-ROMjukebox changers connectedto 4sunSPARC
work stations.'3
9. 5.8 CORE Project
This project is being carried out at Comall University
to understand issues involved in providing access to an
electronic library ofprimaryjournal articles in chemistry. The
project covers five year of 20 primaryjournals published by
the American chemical socity, consisting of about 425000
pages. Thedataismaintainedintwoformsscannedimagesstored
on sony WORMjuke boxes and as SGML Marked up ASCII
files, for each page, stored on a SUN Unix file sever. Another
SUN Machine is used as a print server. The system supports
full text, Boolean searching. Thesystem is on anEthernetLAN
with SVGA monitor based user terminals.16
5.9 British Library’s Imitative for Access
This is a program of20 development protects, initiated
in 1993, to investigate hardware and services software
platforms for the digitization and subsequent networking ofa
range of library materials. ThepatentExpressjuke box is one
o fthe majorprojects providing in house access to over one
million ofthe current U.K. US, andEuropeanpatents held on
16 linked CD-ROMjukeboxes, each holding 100 discs
containing 800patents. Thesoftware searches andprints high
qualitypatent copiesfor users in under to minutes.17
5.10 The Red Sage Digital Journal Library Project
This is afour yearproject which began in 1.1.1973 at
University ofCalifornia, san Francisco (UCSF) dedicated to
the health sciences, in collaboration withAT&Tbell labs and
about 20publishers including Springer-verlage, Blackwell
scientific, Chapman and Hall, American chemical society,
Oxford universitypress etc.18
10. Thegoal oftheredsageprojectistoexplorethetechnical.
Educational, supportandbehavioral issue%as||ociatedwiththe
electronic delivery of primary journals to scientists and
clinicians at their place ofwork, by buildipgand deploying a
working digitaljournal libraiy ofthe health sciences at YCSF
participating publishers hope to gain understanding ofhpw
they need to modify their print production processes to
produce electronicversions ofjournals. Eventuallytheredsage
projecthopesto developabusinessmodal forelectronicjournals
that will be satisfactoiy to universities and libraries publishers
and technology providers.
6. Services of Digital library'5
After converting a traditional library into a
digital library the following services can be provided.
6.1 E-mail
• The E-mail stands of electronic mail
• It is a serviceofInternet as well as Digital libraiy.
• The delivery of E-mail from the sender to the
receiver consists ofthree stages.
The first stage, the E-mail goes from the
user agent to the local server. User agent was
SMTP client software and the local server uses
SMTP server software.
The second stage, the E-mail is relayedby
thelocal server,whichnow actsasthe SMTPclient,
to the remote server, which is the SMTP (Simple
mail transfer protocol) server in this stage.
The third stage, the remote user agent uses
11. E-mail accessprotocol suchasPOP3 (PostOffice
Protocol) or IMAPS to access the mailbox and
obtain the mail.
• The firsttwo stagesuse a SMTPprotocol andthe
third uses E-mail Access protocol.
• It isnotareal-time system; thereasonisthatthere
will be some delay in receiving the message. So
tre receives can see the mail at any other time.
6.2 File transfer Protocol (FTP)
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is the standardmechanism
provided by TCP / IP for copying a file from one host to
another.
• Transferring files from one computer to another is one
ofthe most common tasks expected from a network or
internetworking environment.
• FTP differs from one other client server application in
that it established two connections between the hosts.
• One connection is used for data transfer, the other for
control information.
• FTP uses two well-known TCP ports: port 21 is used
for the control connections and port 20 is used for the
data connection.
• The FTP is client server architecture
• The client has three components user interface client
control process and client data transfer.
• The server has two components the server control
process and the sender data transfer process.
12. 6.3 Remote login
• When a users wants to access an application programs
utility located remote login.
• Heretheplanet (TELNET)clientserverprograms come
into use.
• The users send the keystrokes to the Terminal deliver
where the local operating systemacceptsthe characters
but does not intercepts them.
• The characters are sent to the PLANET client, which
transfer from the characters to a universal character set
called network virtual Terminal character and deliver
them to the local TCP/IP Stack.
6.4 World Wide Web
The World Wide Web is a repository of information
spread all over the world and linked to other.
The www has a unique combination of flexibility
portability and user-friendly features that distinguish it
from other services provided by the Internet,
www today is client sever service in which ofclient
using a browser can access a service using a server.
The serviceprovided is distributed overmany locations
called websites.
Automated Web Search (Search engines)
It is technique of document searching
For document searching the system is used is called
search engine.
The software will help for retrieve the documents of
specific information fastbyusingbroken logic operators
and truncation of search terms.
The some main Internet search engines are go
phers, go ogle etc.
13. 7. Digital Library Importance
• Implementation of I.T. environment
It is aimportantfactorintherespectoflibraryinformation
technology, throughthe meldingofcomputertechnologywith
communications, digital imaging, and full-motion video and
sound, can be apowerful allyto improvingeducationandthus
improving skill for grain full employment. But in order to do
this libraries and libraries will have to change. Changing the
traditional to digital is improving the education and skill.
• Speed
As we go from traditional to digitalization concept we
feel that the speed becomes faster the speed factor may be
realized in respect of working of office worker or students/
user working.By digitalization the user retrieve information
faster.
• Accessing Power
Digital Library provides accessing power to user. In
digitalization environmentthe useraccessthe latest information.
User can interact with larger no of datasheet. The user also
accesses the worldwide information through digital library.
• Supporting Power
In Digitalization concept, The Digital library support
wider range of material. It also increases the ability to deal
with large datasheet.
• Space power
The Digital Library increases the space power. It means
that we are making portable system for materials. As the
Technology increasesthe portabilityalso increases AS example
like compact disk, DVD system minimize the larger data and
store it larger. So there is no storage problem.
14. • On line reference Books
Educational softwareenhancestheknowledgeexperience
ifit is designed well and developedby exportgroup. The qual
ity of digitized reference materials today is a huge leap.
Forwarded From even the best leering programs available in
1990s it is due to the contribution of I.T. and the advances in
computerhardware andsoftware. Lightingfastmicroprocessors,
largememory, super quickhigh-resolutionvideodisplaycards,
sophisticated soundboard. Whichdeliverdigital audio andthe
storage medium the CD ROM which holds as much data as
450 highdensitydiskettesmaterializestheprovisionofreference
facility for thousand ofmulti volume encyclopedia and other
materials.
The convergencefor the digital audio, video and accel
eratedprocessing speed has led to the computing concept
20
denoted by the term multimedia. Most ofthe online reference
books are designedto take advantage ofthese newtechnologies
By offering fasterand more colorful animation, audio narrative
and feedback, video clips and often huge variety of activities
in one program softwarepublishers and developers arecreating
some truly ground breaking learning aids.
8. Digital Library - Limitation
• Cost Limitation
To establish a digital system in the traditional Library
system is costlier in initial stage.
• Skill person
Ifwe wantto work in digital systemwe need skillperson
in respect of working and maintaining
15. • Law effect
In todaysomepeople wants to securetheirpublications,
matters etc. thatwhytheycopyrighttheirpublications. Whenever
a user will try to copy some matters, he will suffer from
copyright law. There are some other laws likecyberlaw,which
affect the digital library system.
• Effect of Technology
In today advancementbecomes inthebotharealike soft
ware and hardware. The digital library wholly dependent on
telecommunication and computer. As new technology comes
in the market the digital system should change or adopt that
technology.
• Security problem
When our digital system is connected to Internet the
major problem is the security to prevent the unauthorized
access and to prevent the information from virus is the major
task in digital system.
16. REFERENCE
1. Mahapatra, M.and Ramesh, D.B. (ed). Information Technology
ApplicationinLibraries: ATextbookforbeginners.Bhubaneswar:
Reproprint (P) Ltd, 2004. p.525
2. Mahapatra, M.and Ramesh, D.B. (ed). Information Technology
ApplicationinLibraries: ATextbookforbeginners.Bhubaneswar:
Reproprint (P) Ltd, 2004. p.527
3. Krishnamurthy, M. SRELSJournalofInformationManagement,
2004.41 (4), p. 317-326.
4. Lynch,Clifford, and Gorcia, Molina. Hector (ed). Inter-operability
Scaling andTheDigital librariesResearchagenda, 12Agu. 1995:
A Report on theMay 18-19 1995ITTADigitalLibraries Workshop.
(http://www-diglib.stanford.edu/diglib/pub/repors/iita-dlw/main.html)
5. Mahapatra, M.and Ramesh, D.B. (ed). Information Technology
ApplicationinLibraries: ATextbookforbeginners.Bhubaneswar:
Reproprint (P) Ltd, 2004. p.527
6. Krishnamurthy, M. SRELSJournalofInformationManagement,
2004. 41 (4), p. 317-326.
7. Malwad, N.M., et al.,(ed). Digital libraries. Dynamic storehouse
ofdigitized information 15Annual convention and conference
18-20 January, 1996. p 203-204.
8. Association for computingMachinery (ACM), Communication
of the ACM April 1995.
17. 9. Maiwad, N.M., et al.,(ed). Digital libraries. Dynamic storehouse
° f digitized information 15Annual convention and conference
18-20 January, 1996. p 195.
10. http://www.Fuzme.mtcs.cmu.edu/im/informediahtmldtd. 15.04.2003
11. http://www.grainger.uiuc.edu/dli dtd. 15.04.2003
12. http://www.alexandria.sdc.ucsb.edu/dtd.14.04.2003
13. http://www.sils.umich.edu/UMDL/Hompage.htmldtd.18.04.2003
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15. http://cedr.lbl.gov/cdrom/doc/cdrom.html dtd.18.04.2003
16. Malwad, N.M., et al.,(ed). Digital libraries. Dynamic storehouse
ofdigitized information 15Annual convention and conference
18-20 January, 1996. p 197.
17. Malwad, N.M., et al.,(ed). Digital libraries, dynamic storehouse
ofdigitized information 15 Annual convention and conference
18-20 January, 1996. p 198.
18. http://www.cnri.reston.va.us/home/dlib/august95/08 contents,
html dtd.20.04.2003
19. Srivastava, Rochana and Saxena, Shlini. SRELS Journal of
Information Management 2004. 41 (4) p. 327- 338.
20. Roy, Tennant. Digital Library. Library Journal. 1997.122(20)
p.31-33