The document discusses digital libraries, including their architecture and design. It defines a digital library as a collection of documents available electronically on the internet or CD-ROM. Digital libraries use technology to break down traditional rules for archives by describing archived materials individually and allowing for reproduction. The document also discusses different types of metadata, including structural and descriptive metadata, and different metadata schemes.

1. Wel comes you
VBT Institute of
Library & Information Science
C.U.Shah University Wadhwan
2016-17

2. MLISc-Semester-I
Subject: Digital Libraries:
Theory& Practical
Revised Syllabus : 2016-17
Prepare by : D.D.Dholakiya
Dept.of Lib & Info.Sci
C.U.Shah University

3. MLISc-Sem-I Unit:3
Digital Libraries: Theory &
Practical

4. DL Architecture and
Design
• A digital library is a collection of documents in
organized electronic form, available on the
Internet or on CD-ROM (compact-disk read-
only memory) disks. Depending on the specific
library, a user may be able to access magazine
articles, books, papers, images, sound files,
and videos.

5. DL Models
• The technology used to create digital libraries is even more
revolutionary for archives since it breaks down the second
and third of these general rules. In other words, "digital
archives" or "online archives" will still generally contain
primary sources, but they are likely to be described
individually rather than (or in addition to) in groups or
collections. Further, because they are digital, their contents
are easily reproducible and may indeed have been
reproduced from elsewhere. The Oxford Text Archive is
generally considered to be the oldest digital archive of
academic physical primary source materials.

6. DL models
• Archives differ from libraries in the nature of the
materials held. Libraries collect individual published
books and serials, or bounded sets of individual
items. The books and journals held by libraries are
not unique, since multiple copies exist and any given
copy will generally prove as satisfactory as any other
copy. The material in archives and manuscript
libraries are "the unique records of corporate bodies
and the papers of individuals and families".

7. Metadata:Types&Scheme
What is Metadata?
a set of data that describes and gives information
about other data.
Metadata are "data that provides information about
other data".Two types of metadata exist: structural
metadata and descriptive metadata. Structural
metadata are data about the containers of data.
Descriptive metadata use individual instances of
application data or the data content

8. Metadata:
Metadata were traditionally used in the card catalogs of
libraries. As information has become increasingly digital,
metadata are also used to describe digital data using
metadata standards specific to a particular discipline.
Describing the contents and context of data or data files
increases its usefulness. For example, a web page may include
metadata specifying what language the page is written in,
what tools were used to create it, and where to find more
information about the subject; this metadata can
automatically improve the reader's experience

9. Types and scheme
• While the metadata application is manifold, covering a large variety of
fields, there are specialized and well-accepted models to specify types of
metadata. Bretherton & Singley (1994) distinguish between two distinct
classes: structural/control metadata and guide metadata.[13] Structural
metadata describe the structure of database objects such as tables,
columns, keys and indexes. Guide metadata help humans find specific
items and are usually expressed as a set of keywords in a natural language.
According to Ralph Kimball metadata can be divided into 2 similar
categories: technical metadata and business metadata. Technical
metadata correspond to internal metadata, and business metadata
correspond to external metadata. Kimball adds a third category, process
metadata. On the other hand, NISO distinguishes among three types of
metadata: descriptive, structural, and administrative

10. Types and scheme
• Descriptive metadata are typically used for discovery and identification, as
information to search and locate an object, such as title, author, subjects,
keywords, publisher. Structural metadata describe how the components of
an object are organized. An example of structural metadata would be how
pages are ordered to form chapters of a book. Finally, administrative
metadata give information to help manage the source. Administrative
metadata refer to the technical information, including file type, or when
and how the file was created. Two sub-types of administrative metadata
are rights management metadata and preservation metadata. Rights
management metadata explain intellectual property rights, while
preservation metadata contain information to preserve and save a
resource

11. Metadata Schemes
• Metadata schemata can be hierarchical in nature where relationships exist
between metadata elements and elements are nested so that parent-child
relationships exist between the elements. An example of a hierarchical
metadata schema is the IEEE LOM schema, in which metadata elements
may belong to a parent metadata element. Metadata schemata can also
be one-dimensional, or linear, where each element is completely discrete
from other elements and classified according to one dimension only. An
example of a linear metadata schema is the Dublin Core schema, which is
one dimensional. Metadata schemata are often two dimensional, or
planar, where each element is completely discrete from other elements
but classified according to two orthogonal dimensions