The document provides a comprehensive overview of digital libraries, detailing their definitions, history, roles, and major challenges. It discusses issues such as copyright management, preservation of digital materials, and the technical architecture required for successful digital library operation. Additionally, it highlights the advantages and disadvantages of digital libraries, along with examples of digital library software.

1. DIGITAL LIBRARYDIGITAL LIBRARY
By Ms. Sheila J. EchaluceBy Ms. Sheila J. Echaluce
DiscussantDiscussant

2.  Definition
 Brief History of Digital Library
 Role of Digital Libraries
 Major Issues and Challenges
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Example of Digital/Virtual/Electronic
Libraries
ContentsContents

3. What is a Digital Library?What is a Digital Library?
 Is a special library with a focused collection of digital objects
that can include text, visual material, audio material, video
material, stored as electronic media formats (as opposed to
print, microform, or other media), along with means for
organizing, storing, and retrieving the files and media
contained in the library collection.
 Can vary immensely in size and scope, and can be
maintained by individuals, organizations, or affiliated with
established physical library buildings or institutions, or with
academic institutions.
 The content may be stored locally, or accessed remotely via
computer networks.
 Is a type of information retrieval system.

4. HistoryHistory
Stage Date Sponsor What
I. Experimental 1994 NSF/ARPA/NASA
Experiments on
collections of digital
materials
II. Developing 1998/99
NSF/ARPA/NASA,
DLF/CLIR
Begin to consider
custodianship,
sustainability, user
communities
III. Mature ?
Funded through
normal channels?
Real sustainable
interoperable digital
libraries

5. Role of Digital LibrariesRole of Digital Libraries
USER ENVIRONMENTSUSER ENVIRONMENTS
RESOURCE ENVIRONMENTSRESOURCE ENVIRONMENTS

6. Role of Digital LibrariesRole of Digital Libraries
 User EnvironmentUser Environment – Includes Personal– Includes Personal
collections, Learning management Systems,collections, Learning management Systems,
Course material text book, PDAs, Lab Books,Course material text book, PDAs, Lab Books,
Campus portal, Exhibitions, and Reading listCampus portal, Exhibitions, and Reading list
 Resource EnvironmentResource Environment – Includes– Includes
Institutional repository, Digital collections, E-Institutional repository, Digital collections, E-
reserve, Catalog, Cataloging Illustration,reserve, Catalog, Cataloging Illustration,
Licensed Collections, Aggregations, andLicensed Collections, Aggregations, and
Virtual reference.Virtual reference.

7. Major Issues in DigitalMajor Issues in Digital
LibrariesLibraries
PRESERVATION
COPYRIGHT/S MANAGEMENT
BUILDING DIGITAL COLLECTIONS
TECHNICAL ARCHITECTURE
DIGITIZATION
METADATA

8. PRESERVATION
This is very important issue for Digital
Libraries. In the preservation of digital
material, the real issue is technical
obsolescence. There are three issues of
preservation:
 Preservation of the storage medium – tapes, hard drives, floppy
discs
 Preservation have a short life span when considered in terms of
obsolescence
 Preservation of access to content – this form of preservation
involves preserving access to the content of the document
regardless of the format. While files can be moved from one
storage medium to another, what happens when the formats (e.g.,
Acrobat PDF) containing the information becomes obsolete?

9. COPYRIGHT/S MANAGEMENT
 Copyright is one of the most important barriers to
digital library development.
 The current paper- based concept of copyright
breaks down in the digital environment because the
control of copies is lost.
 Digital objects are less fixed, easily copied and
remotely accessible by multiple users
simultaneously.
 The problems of libraries are that they are for the
most part simply caretakers of information, they do
not own the copyright of the material they hold.
 So libraries will never be able to freely digitize and
provide access to the copyrighted material in their
collection.
 They have to develop a mechanism for managing
copyright.

10. BUILDING DIGITAL COLLECTIONS
 One of the most important issues in creating a
digital library
 Major issue that the degree to which libraries will
digitize existing material and acquire original digital
works.
 Old access versus ownership issue.
 How is the specific material to be digitized / to be
acquired to be identified by a given library.
 Who collects and/or digitizes which material could
be based on factors such as – collection strength,
unique collections, the priorities of user groups,
manageable portions of collection, technological
resources and skills of the staff

11. TECHNICAL ARCHITECTURE
High speed local network and fast
connection to internet
Relational database that supports a
variety of digital formats
Full text search engines to index
and provide access to resources
A variety of servers such as web
services and FTP servers

12. Digitization is conversion of any fixed or
analogue media – such as books, journal
articles, photos, paintings, microfilm into
electronic form either through scanning or
rekeying.
There are several approaches available, at
least theoretically.
- Making Digital
- Databasing
- Sharing Data
- Using Technology
- Governing Digitization
- Managing Data
DIGITIZATION

13.  The data that describe the content and attributes of any
particular item in a digital library. Metadata is important
for digital libraries because it is the key to resources,
discovery and use of any document like a library
catalogue. The “Dublin Core” is one of the prominent
schemes. There is the problem of naming, identifiers and
persistence. Naming is required to uniquely identify
digital objects. Any system of naming should be
permanent, lasting indefinitely. The names cannot be
bound with specific locations. A global scheme of unique
identifier is required. are PURLs, URNs, and digital
Three schemes proposed to get over the problems of
persistent naming object identifiers:
 Persistent URLs (PURLs) – a scheme developed by OCLC to
separate document name from its a location.
 Uniform Resource Name (URN) – have been developed by Internet
Engineering Task Force (IETF).
 Digital Object Identifier (DOI) – Developed by Association of
American Publishers and Corporation for National Research Initiatives
to provide a method by which digital object can be reliably identified
and accessed .
METADATA

14.  No physical boundary
 Round the clock availability
 Multiple access
 Information retrieval
 Preservation and conservation
 Space
 Added value
 Easily accessible
Advantages of DigitalAdvantages of Digital
LibrariesLibraries

15. Disadvantages of DigitalDisadvantages of Digital
LibrariesLibraries
Equity of access
Interoperability
User authentication
Information organization
Interface design
Digital preservation
Copyright
Budget

16. Example of Digital/VirtualExample of Digital/Virtual
Electronic LibrariesElectronic Libraries

17. Digital Library SoftwareDigital Library Software
 Greenstone Digital Library Software - is an open-source
system for the construction and presentation of information
collections. It builds collections with effective full-text searching
and metadata-based browsing facilities that are attractive and
easy to use.
 Dspace - is a groundbreaking digital institutional repository that
captures, stores, indexes, preserves, and redistributes the
intellectual output of a university’s research faculty in digital
formats.
 Eprints is an open source software package for building open
access repositories that are compliant with the Open Archives
Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting.
 Fedora open source software - gives organizations a flexible
service-oriented architecture for managing and delivering their
digital content. At its core is a powerful digital object model that
supports multiple views of each digital object and the
relationships among digital objects.

18. ReferencesReferences
 http://www.dlib.org/dlib/march03/witten/03witten.html
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_library
 https://www.mindmeister.com/32153085/digital-library
 https://www.wdl.org/en/
 https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/digital-library
 https://library.si.edu/digital-library
 https://edoc.hu-
berlin.de/bitstream/handle/18452/9987/3.pdf?
sequence=1
 http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/
CI/CI/pdf/programme_doc_wdl.pdf

19. ThankThank
You!!!You!!!
ThankThank
You!!!You!!!