Library generally means a place where several types of resources are stored in an organised way and made accessible to the community for reference or borrowing. A library can store resources in various formats like the earliest form which used clay tablets in the Sumerian civilisation at 2600 B.C. or as written books in the classical Greece period in the 5th century. After Gutenberg it changed to printed form like books, periodicals, newspapers, maps, prints, documents, manuscripts etc. to modern formats which includes microforms, cassettes, videotapes, films, CDs, DVDs, Blu-ray discs, e-books, audiobooks, databases and much more. Nowadays all library resources are available totally in the electronic mechanism
called digital content. Here we are going to discuss the creation, store, handle, and use the digital contents/objects.
Includes the definition of Digital Library, it's history, advantages and disadvantages, major issues and challenges, example of digital libraries and digital library software.
Personal Digital Archiving Initiatives at the Library of Congresslljohnston
Introduction to the personal digital archiving issues and advice from the Library of Congress National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program
Includes the definition of Digital Library, it's history, advantages and disadvantages, major issues and challenges, example of digital libraries and digital library software.
Personal Digital Archiving Initiatives at the Library of Congresslljohnston
Introduction to the personal digital archiving issues and advice from the Library of Congress National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program
A presentation on basic concepts of digital library by Rupesh Kumar A, Assistant Professor, Department of Studies and Research in Library and Information Science, Tumkur University, Karnataka, India.
Lecture presented by Fernan R. Dizon at PAARL's Conference on the theme "The Power of Convergence: Technology and Connectivity in the 21st Century Library and Information Services" held on Nov. 11-13, 2009 at St Paul College, Pasig City
Library and Information Services are playing a vital role in digital era. Library services are
now depends upon the Information and Communication Technology. This paper is highlight the
services of libraries with new technology. It identify the various components of ICT. It also definethe functions and challenges of ICT based library services
Digital resources are those materials that require computer access whether through a personal computer or a hand held mobile device.
CDROM Encyclopedia Britannica
Microsoft Encarta
DVD
Websites
Open resources- e book & e journal
Open Source Software for Digital Preservation Repositories : A SurveyIJCSES Journal
In the digital age, the amount of data produced is growing exponentially. Governments and institutions can no longer rely on old methods for storing data and passing on the knowledge to future generations. Digital data preservation is a mandatory issue that needs proper strategies and tools. With this awareness, efforts are being made to create and perfect software solutions capable of responding to the challenge of properly preserving digital information. This paper focuses on the state-of-the-art in open-source software solutions for the digital preservation and curation field used to assimilate and disseminate information to designated audiences. Eleven open source projects for digital preservation are surveyed in areas such as supported standards and protocols, strategies for preservation, methodologies for reporting, dynamic of development, targeted operating systems, multilingual support and open source license. Furthermore, five of these open
source projects, are further analysed, with focus on features deemed important for the area. Along open source solutions, the paper also briefly surveys the standards and protocols relevant for digital data preservation. The area of digital data preservation repositories has several open source solutions, which can form the base to overcome the challenges to reach mature and reliable digital data preservation.
Hazel Hall's presentation at Knowledge Management in an Age of Networks, Redwood House, Edinburgh, 27 October 2000. The content of this presentation was developed into a journal article accessible from http://www.knowledgeboard.com/lib/3259, and a conference paper available from http://www.slideshare.net/HazelHall/devising-intranet-incentives-rewards-and-conditions-for-knowledge-exchange. The material presented here draws on early work for Hazel Hall's PhD, the full details of which are available from http://hazelhall.org/publications/phd-the-knowledge-trap-an-intranet-implementation-in-a-corporate-environment/
ABSTRACT : A digital is an organized collection of electronic resources. Digital library is a very complex and dynamic entity. It has brought phenomenal change in information collection, preservation and dissemination scene of the world. It is complex entity because it completely based on ICT systems. A distinction is often made between content that was created in a digital format, known as born-digital, and information that has been converted from a physical medium, e.g. paper, by digitizing. It should also be noted that not all electronic content is in digital data format. The term hybrid library is sometimes used for libraries that have both physical collections and electronic collections for example: American Memory is a digital library within the Library of Congress.
A presentation on basic concepts of digital library by Rupesh Kumar A, Assistant Professor, Department of Studies and Research in Library and Information Science, Tumkur University, Karnataka, India.
Lecture presented by Fernan R. Dizon at PAARL's Conference on the theme "The Power of Convergence: Technology and Connectivity in the 21st Century Library and Information Services" held on Nov. 11-13, 2009 at St Paul College, Pasig City
Library and Information Services are playing a vital role in digital era. Library services are
now depends upon the Information and Communication Technology. This paper is highlight the
services of libraries with new technology. It identify the various components of ICT. It also definethe functions and challenges of ICT based library services
Digital resources are those materials that require computer access whether through a personal computer or a hand held mobile device.
CDROM Encyclopedia Britannica
Microsoft Encarta
DVD
Websites
Open resources- e book & e journal
Open Source Software for Digital Preservation Repositories : A SurveyIJCSES Journal
In the digital age, the amount of data produced is growing exponentially. Governments and institutions can no longer rely on old methods for storing data and passing on the knowledge to future generations. Digital data preservation is a mandatory issue that needs proper strategies and tools. With this awareness, efforts are being made to create and perfect software solutions capable of responding to the challenge of properly preserving digital information. This paper focuses on the state-of-the-art in open-source software solutions for the digital preservation and curation field used to assimilate and disseminate information to designated audiences. Eleven open source projects for digital preservation are surveyed in areas such as supported standards and protocols, strategies for preservation, methodologies for reporting, dynamic of development, targeted operating systems, multilingual support and open source license. Furthermore, five of these open
source projects, are further analysed, with focus on features deemed important for the area. Along open source solutions, the paper also briefly surveys the standards and protocols relevant for digital data preservation. The area of digital data preservation repositories has several open source solutions, which can form the base to overcome the challenges to reach mature and reliable digital data preservation.
Hazel Hall's presentation at Knowledge Management in an Age of Networks, Redwood House, Edinburgh, 27 October 2000. The content of this presentation was developed into a journal article accessible from http://www.knowledgeboard.com/lib/3259, and a conference paper available from http://www.slideshare.net/HazelHall/devising-intranet-incentives-rewards-and-conditions-for-knowledge-exchange. The material presented here draws on early work for Hazel Hall's PhD, the full details of which are available from http://hazelhall.org/publications/phd-the-knowledge-trap-an-intranet-implementation-in-a-corporate-environment/
ABSTRACT : A digital is an organized collection of electronic resources. Digital library is a very complex and dynamic entity. It has brought phenomenal change in information collection, preservation and dissemination scene of the world. It is complex entity because it completely based on ICT systems. A distinction is often made between content that was created in a digital format, known as born-digital, and information that has been converted from a physical medium, e.g. paper, by digitizing. It should also be noted that not all electronic content is in digital data format. The term hybrid library is sometimes used for libraries that have both physical collections and electronic collections for example: American Memory is a digital library within the Library of Congress.
Digitization of Library Resources in Academic Libraries: Challenges and Impli...iosrjce
The advent of information and communication technology (ICT) has made imperative that library
holdings must be both in digital format and traditional format. Converting the analog library holdings to digital
format is indeed a herculean task. This paper discusses these challenges and proffered solutions.
presented at the International Conference on Challenges in Preserving and Managing Cultural Heritage Resources, held on 2005 October 19-21 at the Institute of Social Order, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines
Shaping our Future: Digitization Partnerships Across Libraries, Archives and ...UBC Library
Presentation by Ingrid Parent at the National Diet Library in Tokyo, Japan, Dec. 2, 2010.
Shaping our Future: Digitization Partnerships Across Libraries, Archives and Museums
This project report deliberates the new activities, methods and technology used in digitization and formation of digital libraries. It set out some key points involved and the detailed plans required in the process, offers pieces of advice and guidance for the practicing Librarians and Information scientists. Digital Libraries are being created today for diverse communities and in different fields e.g. education, science, culture, development, health, governance and so on. With the availability of several free digital Library software packages at the recent time, the creation and sharing of information through the digital library collections has become an attractive and feasible proposition for library and information professionals around the world. The paper ends with a call to integrate digitization into the plans and policies of any institution to maximize its effectiveness.
Library is the heart of any educational institutions. Nowadays there are two basic form of library, one is traditional library and another is digital library. Traditional library is the library to collection the information in print form like books, journals etc. and digital library is the library to collection information with associated services, where the information is stored in digital format like text, video, audio etc. and accessible over a network. According to Bala and Sagar(2014, 369p.) “Library as an institution has played an important role in the progress of civilization. In the modern age the library users need accurate, current and pinpointed information, and there expectation also high”. Due to lack of time no body have time to visit a library and search catalogue cards. Most of the users prefer the digital resources because these can be used anytime and by everyone over the Internet.
Information Literacy is the vital process in the modern changing world which is mostly used for higher education/scholars particularly. In our information-centric world, users must develop skills early on so they are prepared for post-secondary opportunities. Information literacy “enables people to interpret and make informed judgments as users of information sources, as well as to become producers of information in their own right. Information literacy means information awakening in person about the needed information. Information literate people are able to access information about their health, their environment, their education and work, empowering them to make critical decisions about their lives.
With this scenario, my work is to find out the actual picture in present time, Information Literacy Programmes held in the Scientific Institutes of Kolkata.
My work, data has been presented in cylinder column.
At the end of this study, references are given followed by APA style manual 6th edition 2010, and bibliography has been prepared in numeric sequence.
The present society is considered an information society. A society where the creation, distribution, use, integration, and manipulation of digital information have become the most significant activity in all aspects. Information is producing from every sector of any society, which has resulted in an information explosion. Modern technologies are also having a huge impact. So managing this voluminous information is really a tough job. Again WWW has opened the door to connect anyone or anything within a fraction of a second. This study discussed the Semantic Web and linked data technologies and their effect and application to libraries for the handling of various types of resources.
After successful installation of Koha, it is required to set some parameter in the administration module in order to use Koha. This configuration is a one-time job and is not fixed. The settings may vary from institute to institute as per the requirements. But some of the parameters in every module is same as these are like basic configuration. So, let’s see those common parameters.
Login to Koha client–> Administration Module–> Global System Preferences
This document enriched the basics of web designing through WordPress. WordPress is an open source Content Management System (CMS) which is used widely to design and develop website. In this presentation it is showed that how a website can build both through free version and purchase domain.
This manual help the user to design and develop a blog/website using open source CMS WordPress. Here the installation tips is given with customising different modules with different plugins.
This manual is helpful to the users who want to install the open source ILMS Koha. This manual also very helpful for customising tips after installation.
This paper deals with an overview of cloud computing from the early history, concepts similar to cloud, characteristics, types of clouds, state of the art and current research issues and finally focused on the applications of cloud to the various library services. This paper may provide a good understanding of the cloud computing and open the door for further research issues and applications to libraries.
Modern environment is a rapidly changing environment. Through the internet, everything is transmitting into its newer form according to the dynamic demand. Instead of using traditional print media, people are using various newer e-media not limited to a certain boundary to become informative. These sea changes turn the way of getting information on education and employment system into dynamic ways. Blogs are one of the finest way for providing information now a days. In this paper, various news on education and employment in the field of library and information science publishing from different blogs in India is figured out.
Management is a very important part of any governing body whether it is a school, college, institute or university and to managing information is a very tough job for any organisation/ institution. The same way, managing information in the library is also considered as an important duty. Being a library professional, one has to manage their staff, administration, office, higher authority and the most important, its resources. This paper discusses an overview of managing digital information through various tools. The available tools are required to manage various types of information today and also current trends of managing digital information/ resources. The main purpose of this paper is to highlight the tool - Subjects Plus as a digital information management tool and its features, the workflow, implementation, customisation and application of Subjects Plus in Biju Patnaik Central Library, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela.
Nowadays Open Source Solution (OSS) is becoming the answer to every query to a librarian’s perspective. Based on the open source code concept, various tools are used for some specific job published openly its source code to the mass for use and modify according to their requirement with zero cost. These tools may use in the government sector, private sector, service sector etc. Modern libraries are one of the most absorbing organisms of the worthiness of these open source tools. Today’s libraries are not dominated by the library walls. It speared beyond any boundary whether political, economic, social or any other. Library resources are also not limited to the traditional objects. The technology factors affected upon the file-formats also. Again, internet added the feature of acquiring and sharing of files very fast. This paper deal with the modern open source tools/ software with an overview, features, benefits, required packages and the application for managing various resource and services with some practical examples.
Nowadays Open Source Solution (OSS) is becoming the answer to every query to a librarian’s perspective. Based on the open source code concept, various tools are used for some specific job published openly its source code to the mass for use and modify according to their requirement with zero cost. These tools may use in the government sector, private sector, service sector etc. Modern libraries are one of the most absorbing organisms of the worthiness of these open source tools. Today’s libraries are not dominated by the library walls. It speared beyond any boundary whether political, economic, social or any other. Library resources are also not limited to the traditional objects. The technology factors affected upon the file-formats also. Again, internet added the feature of acquiring and sharing of files very fast. This paper deal with the modern open source tools/ software with an overview, features, benefits, required packages and the application for managing various resource and services with some practical examples.
In this paper one of the important library management software Koha has been discussed in details together with its need, features, implementation, customisation, data migration from Libsys to Koha, printer configuration in Koha and RFID integration with Koha.
Sometimes we need to record some of our work doing in a computer system. Recording with our camera is easy but, sometimes it may not be clear/visual or facing several problems. So, recording screen is an automated process which records everything on your computer screen with the auto sound facility. Through software nowadays anything is possible. It’s possible both in Windows OS and in Linux OS. LiteCam is the recording software for recording screen in Windows and Simple Screen Recorder is a software for recording screen in Linux.
A Conference Paper presented at National Conference on Library and Infomation Management in Digital Environment, JILACON'17 by Jharkhand Information and Library Association, Ranchi held on 23-24th February 2017.
One can install SubjectsPlus through XAMPP and create their own guide to research for their library users after creating and releasing it in the internet with domain.
In the present day, information is required in the same way as other necessities of life, i.e., food, clothing, shelter etc. In the field of teaching learning, scholarly writings considered as the most important, authentic and useful information. Printed materials like books, journals, newspapers are the traditional sources of getting information about anything. But day by day, usage of these sources are decreasing mildly as the users demand information very quick and in various file formats. In the academic formal education system writing assignments/ projects, doing research at a higher level is mandatory. Nowadays computers especially the internet acts as main medium for providing facilities to quench the thirst for knowledge from different sources. The open access solutions added the feature to access the full content. Google, WWW, Social Networking Sites and many different applications fulfill the sharing of resources to the wide masses. Where these modern technologies are resolving the need of information, side by side creating various new threats to the intellectual outputs. Plagiarism technically means to present others intellectual property as own without giving proper acknowledgment. This paper deals with the overview of plagiarism with its types, the cause of plagiarism, consequences, prevention and some tools for detecting plagiarism in this digital age.
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2. Applications of Modern Tools and Technology in Library Services
maps, prints, documents, manuscripts etc. to modern formats which includes microforms,
cassettes, videotapes, films, CDs, DVDs, Blu-ray discs, e-books, audiobooks, databases and
much more. Nowadays all library resources are available totally in the electronic mechanism
called digital content. Here we are going to discuss the creation, store, handle, and use the
digital contents/objects.
Keywords- Digital Content, Digital Library, Copyright, Digital Management
Introduction
The word digital basically comes from the computer background. It simply means
something is presented in using digits, particularly binary digits. That means any content that
has a physical existence can be turned into a machine readable object by using binary digits
i.e. 0 & 1. Nowadays we have become accustomed to various technologies around us. The
internet opened the doors towards anything or to reach anybody with just a single click.
Likewise in the library, we are going towards the digital environment. Technology has
affected all the housekeeping works in libraries, from procurement of documents, technical
processing to providing services to the users’, everything is going automated through the
same mechanism.
As the digital content became increasingly more accessible and available, computer
facilitated the creation, discovery, and retrieval of new information in every field of human
knowledge. In the past, the digital contents were mainly distributed through computers and
sometimes through the internet, but now methods are rapidly changing and the revolution
brings new channels such as tabs, mobile apps etc. While new technologies have made digital
content available to large audiences, again managing copyright and limiting content
movement is an issue that digital content creators continually going to face in the future.
Concept of Digital Mechanism
A library is basically run by three main parts- first is resource, that is some
information in a container or format; the second one is the user, who uses the resources; and
3. Wasim Rahaman
the third one is the intermediaries, who’s job is to meet the users’ to the right resources.
Similarly in the digital mechanism, digital items are the resources, audiences are the creators
as well as users’ of the resources and the maintainers of both the systems are the
intermediaries.
Types of Digital Contents
In general, we can divide the digital contents into three types in terms of availability-
first, is free digital contents which are freely available to the public. The second one is paid
digital contents which are available by paying some amount, and the third one is non-
purchasable content. You can’t purchase these items. Various types of materials are available
like documents, images, audio, video, software, artefacts, painting, three-dimensional
properties and much more. Some of these are paid some are free and, news, advertisement,
web mapping etc. are some non-purchasable materials.
Need of Digital Contents
There are various reasons to go for digital contents. While procuring materials for a
particular library we have to check many things like, types of library, types of users, for
whom we purchase, type of materials and most important the budget distribution etc.
(Candela, Castelli, & Pagano, 2011). Likewise going for digital materials we should know
well why we need these type of materials where traditional printed materials are available.
Though need of digital materials varies from organisation to organisation, the followings are
some reasons (Alhaji, 2009):
Keep up-to-date with modern technology.
To improve access from inside the library as well as outside the library anytime.
More sharing and use of materials.
Cost saving.
Easy to preserve and reproduce.
Freely available to wide masses.
4. Applications of Modern Tools and Technology in Library Services
Can create hyperlinks for more similar materials
Digital Libraries and Its Various Aspects
Digital library holds some collections of digital content/objects and fulfil the library
objectives. A proper definition can express its meaning more clearly that is, “Digital libraries
are the logical extensions and augmentations of physical libraries in the electronic
information society” (Marchionini, 1998) where extension indicates the existing resources
and services and augmentations enable new kinds of human problem solving and expression.
The item types of resources have changed to materials like e-books, e-journals, e-newspapers,
thesis, dissertations, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, databases and so on (Marchionini, 2002).
Digital libraries: The Past and The Present
The concept came when a famous scientist Vannevar Bush describes new technology for
knowledge disseminating (Bush, 1945), then Licklider observed about the computerised
automated library systems (Licklider, 1965). In the 1990s with the grown of the internet,
digital libraries started to research and development activities. In 1991 ‘eprint archive’
presently known ‘arXiv’ started scientific communication more effectively and economically.
Later a pilot project on electronic Thesis and Dissertation started in 1996. CogPrints, present
name EPrints is available open from 2000 and holds more than 3000 facts. The Digital
Library Initiatives of US and eLib of UK were funding various research projects for their
national archive. Except these, DELOS, ECHO, ARTISTE, COLLATE, NCSTRL, ETRDL,
ERCIM, DLMS (Candela, Castelli, & Pagano, 2011) were some well-known digital library
archives.
Digital Repositories and Its Various Aspects
5. Wasim Rahaman
Digital repository is a container or place or better said an archive, where digital
contents or writing of authors/academicians are stored in an organised way and make freely
available to the users. The OAI movement starts in the 1990s with access to various e-journal
and databases. It is run through Open Archive Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting
(OAIPMH) (Pappalardo & Fitzgerald, 2007) mechanism which allows users to harvest the
metadata from the archive. Digital contents are stored in these archive in mainly two ways i.e.
by born digital- in this process contents are made in electronic formats, and the second one is
scan and turn the physical contents into digital contents. According to ‘Wikipedia’ five types
of repositories are there i.e. Institutional Repository- made and maintain by an
institute/college/university; Departmental Repository- made and maintain by a particular
department; Subject Repository- made on a particular subject; National Repository- made for
use by the generals of a nation; Material Repository- made and maintain for a particular type
of material.
Digital Repositories: Why and How
An institute having its repository benefits it in a various way like-
Keep up-to-date as other modern institutes.
Having one archive for scholarly writings.
Fewer chances of duplicating.
Resource sharing and more use of documents.
Guide for future works.
Various digital library software are out there to archive digital holdings. Some of
them are very popular as well as open source like DSpace, EPrints, Greenstone, Fedora
Common etc. Through these software, institutes can make available their publication open.
Anybody belongs to an institute whose writing can be stored in the IR, they may be faculty,
staff, student or institute itself. In the other side digital contents can be submitted in any
format or file like- books, journals, magazines, newspapers, conference papers, thesis,
dissertations, reports, patents, programmes, multimedia objects with any type of file
extension like- doc, docx, pdf, jpg, png, gif, mp3, mp4, ra, mkv and many more.
6. Applications of Modern Tools and Technology in Library Services
Digital Copyright and Its Various Aspects
Copyright is a given right to the creator for creating some matter or material which is
never been created before and prevent others to recreate it or presenting it as own. In the past,
when photocopying machines and video cassette recorders, made a threat to creative works,
various laws were implemented to prevent those activities. Now, in the digital era files are
copied and distributed very easily to the wide masses through the internet. So maintaining
these issues is going very difficult day by day.
Stay Safe with These Modern Copyright Acts
In modern days copyright laws are changing according to modern transformation of
materials. In 1998 the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (Office, 2004) revised the copyright
law by setting up the royalty for internet materials and specifying exemptions for library and
archival copying by establishing two major provisions- one is the anti-circumvention
provisions and the second one is the safe-harbor requirements for Internet Service Providers.
These rights enhanced the ability of the copyright owner to protect their creation. You can
take help from others but, up to the certain limit and at the end you must acknowledge
him/them as a reference. You can take help from various reference management tool to create
proper reference like- Mendeley, EndNote, Zotero, RefWorks and much more. You can also
check yourself if your work becomes like with someone else? If so, how much is matching?
Correction can be made in this way. Many software is available for this job like- Grammarly,
Plagiarismcheck, Duplichecker, Plagscan, Plagium etc. Some are totally free, and you can
also check both online and offline.
Digital Archive: Challenges and Solutions
In modern technology era, it is a challenge to decide, should we go for a digital library
in such developing country like India. There are various issues like access problem, material
problem, budget problem, staff problem and especially license and problem of using
7. Wasim Rahaman
(Cleveland, 1998). The answer should be yes. We are overcoming these problems very fast
by taking action like various pilot projects various digital library initiatives by a group of
library and associations, building National Digital Library, National Virtual Library by the
nation various orientation programmes for the staffs as well as for the users etc. In the
conclusion, we should take part actively to build own repository by our self and provide more
access to the mass users.
References
Alhaji, I. U. (2009). Digitisation of Library Resources and formation of Digital Libraries: A
Practical Approach. Language, 1–17.
Bush, V. (1945). As We May Think. Atlantic Monthly, 176, 101-108.
Candela, L., Castelli, D., & Pagano, P. (2011). E-Publishing and Digital Libraries.
International Journal on Digital Libraries, 1–30. http://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60960-
031-0
Cleveland, G. (1998). International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions.
Universal Dataflow and Telecommunications Core Programme Digital Libraries:
Definitions, Issues and Challenges.
Licklider, J. C. R. (1965). Libraires of the Future. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
Maschibnini, G. (1998). Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science, Vol. 63.
Marchionini, G. (2002). Introduction to Digital Libraries.
Office, C. B. (2004). Congress of the United States Congressional Budget Office Paper.
Changes, (January).
Pappalardo, K., & Fitzgerald, A. (2007). A Guide to Developing Open Access Through Your
Digital Repository. Access. Retrieved from http://eprints.qut.edu.au/9671/1/9671.pdf