Using a circularly-linked list made the solution trivial. The solution would have been more difficult if an array had been used. This illustrates the fact that the choice of the appropriate data structures can significantly simplify an algorithm. It can make the algorithm much faster and efficient.
queue datastructure made easy and datastructure explained in java. visit http://technoexplore.blogspot.com and http://hotjobstuff.blogspot.com for some other important presentations.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Using a circularly-linked list made the solution trivial. The solution would have been more difficult if an array had been used. This illustrates the fact that the choice of the appropriate data structures can significantly simplify an algorithm. It can make the algorithm much faster and efficient.
queue datastructure made easy and datastructure explained in java. visit http://technoexplore.blogspot.com and http://hotjobstuff.blogspot.com for some other important presentations.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
1. Stack: Linked List
Implementation
Push and pop at the head of the list
New nodes should be inserted at the front of the list, so that they
become the top of the stack
Nodes are removed from the front (top) of the list
Straight-forward linked list implementation
push and pop can be implemented fairly easily, e.g. assuming that
head is a reference to the node at the front of the list
public void push(int x){
// Make a new node whose next reference is
// the existing list
Node newNode = new Node(x, top);
top = newNode; // top points to new node
}
4. List Stack Example
Java Code
Stack st = new Stack();
st.push(6);
st.push(1);
st.push(7);
top
6
1
7
5. List Stack Example
Java Code
Stack st = new Stack();
st.push(6);
st.push(1);
st.push(7);
st.push(8);
top
6
1
7
8
6. List Stack Example
Java Code
Stack st = new Stack();
st.push(6);
st.push(1);
st.push(7);
st.push(8);
st.pop();
top
6
1
7
8
7. List Stack Example
Java Code
Stack st = new Stack();
st.push(6);
st.push(1);
st.push(7);
st.push(8);
st.pop();
top
6
1
7
8. Stack: ADT List
Implementation
Push() and pop() either at the beginning or at the end
of ADT List
at the beginning:
public void push(Object newItem) {
list.add(1, newItem);
} // end push
public Object pop() {
Object temp = list.get(1);
list.remove(1);
return temp;
} // end pop
9. Stack: ADT List
Implementation
Push() and pop() either at the beginning or at the end
of ADT List
at the end:
public void push(Object newItem) {
list.add(list.size()+1, newItem);
} // end push
public Object pop() {
Object temp = list.get(list.size());
list.remove(list.size());
return temp;
} // end pop
10. Stack: ADT List
Implementation
Push() and pop() either at the beginning or at the end
of ADT List
Efficiency depends on implementation of ADT List (not
guaranteed)
On other hand: it was very fast to implement (code is
easy, unlikely that errors were introduced when
coding).
11. Applications of Stacks
Call stack (recursion).
Searching networks, traversing trees
(keeping a track where we are).
Examples:
Checking balanced expressions
Recognizing palindromes
Evaluating algebraic expressions
12. Simple Applications of the ADT Stack:
Checking for Balanced Braces
A stack can be used to verify whether a program
contains balanced braces
An example of balanced braces
abc{defg{ijk}{l{mn}}op}qr
An example of unbalanced braces
abc{def}}{ghij{kl}m
abc{def}{ghij{kl}m
13. Checking for Balanced Braces
Requirements for balanced braces
Each time you encounter a “}”, it matches an already
encountered “{”
When you reach the end of the string, you have matched
each “{”
14. Checking for Balanced Braces
Figure 7-3
Traces of the algorithm that checks for balanced braces
15. Evaluating Postfix
Expressions
A postfix (reverse Polish logic) calculator
Requires you to enter postfix expressions
Example: 2 3 4 + *
When an operand is entered, the calculator
Pushes it onto a stack
When an operator is entered, the calculator
Applies it to the top two operands of the stack
Pops the operands from the stack
Pushes the result of the operation on the stack
17. Evaluating Postfix Expressions
Pseudo code:
int evaluate(String expression)
{
Stack stack=new Stack(); // creaty empty stack
while (true) {
String c=expression.getNextItem();
if (c==ENDOFLINE)
return stack.pop();
if (c is operand)
stack.push(c);
else { // operation
int operand2=stack.pop();
int operand1=stack.pop();
stack.push(execute(c,operand1,operand2));
}
}
}
18. Queues
A queue is a data structure that only allows items to
be inserted at the end and removed from the front
“Queue” is the British word for a line (or line-up)
Queues are FIFO (First In First Out) data structures
– “fair” data structures
20. What Can You Use a Queue
For?
Processing inputs and outputs to screen (console)
Server requests
Instant messaging servers queue up incoming
messages
Database requests
Print queues
One printer for dozens of computers
Operating systems use queues to schedule CPU
jobs
Simulations
21. Queue Operations
A queue should implement (at least) these
operations:
enqueue – insert an item at the back of the queue
dequeue – remove an item from the front
peek – return the item at the front of the queue without
removing it
Like stacks it is assumed that these operations will
be implemented efficiently
That is, in constant time
22. Queue: Array Implementation
First consider using an array as the underlying
structure for a queue, one plan would be to
Make the back of the queue the current size of the
queue (i.e., the number of elements stored)
Make the front of the queue index 0
Inserting an item can be performed in constant time
But removing an item would require shifting all elements
in the queue to the left which is too slow!
Therefore we need to find another way