Accordingly, Lumbsdaine (1964) has listed three distinct approaches of educational technology. 1. Educational technology I or hardware approach.

1. Approaches to Educational Technology

2. Approaches
Hardware approach
Software approach
System approach
a way of dealing with a situation or problem.

3. • In an educational technology
context, the "hardware
approach" focuses on the physical
devices and equipment used in
the learning process, such as
computers, tablets, and
projectors, that facilitate learning
Hardware Approach

4. • Hardware approach also involves a reduction of cost.
• The application of physical science to the education enables
teachers to deal with more students, resulting in less cost and
economy in finances.
• Suggesting innumerable new ways of doing things to the
class-room teachers.
• The job and the duties of the teacher are likely to have
multifaceted changes as they are to deal with many new
gadgets for teaching and learning now and in the future.

5. • Software Approach: Silverman (1968) termed this
educational technology as 'constructive educational
technology.'
• The software approach in educational technology focuses on
applying principles of learning and instructional design to
create effective teaching materials and strategies, aiming to
optimize the teaching-learning process through the
development and utilization of software and techniques.
Software Approach

6. Examples:
• Computer-Based Learning: Using software for interactive
lessons, simulations, and assessments.
• Educational Games: Designing games to engage learners and
promote learning.
• Online Learning Platforms: Developing online courses and
learning management systems.
• Interactive Whiteboards: Utilizing interactive technology to
facilitate dynamic teaching and learning.

7. • In software approach, the basis of all thinking and
working is behavioral science and psychology of
learning.
• Software approach uses the principles of
psychology for the purpose of behavior
modification.
• A teacher with added knowledge of software
approach can use the films, flash- cards, tapes etc.,
for various purposes.

8. • This view of educational technology is closely
associated with the modern principles of
programmed learning and is characterized by
task analysis, writing precise objectives,
selection of appropriate learning strategies,
reinforcement of correct responses and
constant education.

9. Benefits:
• Personalized Learning: Tailoring instruction to individual
learning styles and needs.
• Increased Engagement: Making learning more interactive
and motivating.
• Improved Retention: Using effective learning strategies to
enhance knowledge retention.
• Enhanced Accessibility: Providing access to learning
resources for diverse learner

10. • System Approach: A modern approach in
educational administration and organization.
• It acts as a link between hardware and software
approach.
• Also known as 'Management Technology'.
• It has brought to educational management a
scientific approach for solving educational
administrative problems.
System Approach

11. • A system approach involves viewing a problem or situation
as a whole, considering all interconnected parts and their
interactions, rather than focusing on isolated components.
• For example, a car is a system comprising many
interconnected parts that work together to function, not just a
collection of individual pieces.

12. • System is a set of connected things or parts forming a
complex whole, in particular.
• Examples: A set of organs in the body with a common
structure or function: the digestive system
• The human or animal body as a whole: you need to get the
cholesterol out of your system
• Computing a group of related hardware units or programs
or both, especially when dedicated to a single application.

13. • Education is regard as a system and system approach is
a systematic way of designing an effective and
economical educational system
• The systems approach involved setting goals and
objectives, analyzing resources, devising a plan of
action and continuous evaluation/modification of the
program.

14. • Setting goals and objectives analyzing
resources continuous evaluation/ modification
of the program devising a plan of action
System approach in education

15. CURRENT TRENDS & ISSUES IN
NURSING EDUCATION
Curriculum change
Innovation in teaching and learning
Educational quality assurance
More reliance on technology
CURRENT TRENDS

16. Emphasis on high tech high touch approach
Preparation of global nurses
Transnational acceptance
Ensuring promising carrier

17. Emergence of new specialties
Increase opportunities for higher education
Preference of short term clinical programs than
postgraduate program
Potential shortage of nurse educator

18. Uniformity and standardization
Master degree
Nurse practitioner
Community health officer
Military nurse

19. Issues
• There are two types of issue
1) Social issue
2) Ethical issue

20. Social issue
Emotional
issue
Ethnic
issue
Gender
issue
Economic
issue
Cultural
issue

21. Ethical issues
• There are certain ethical issues in education with
too, affect student such as:
• Whether to allow cell phone in school or not,
should school uniform be made compulsory, etc.

22. Questions:-
• Explain the approaches of educational
technology.

23. THANK YOU