This document discusses the key aspects of electrical, measurement, and control (E/MC) engineering as they relate to project execution. It outlines the major tasks and considerations for each discipline. Electrical engineering involves designing the energy supply, control cabinets, and cabling. Measurement engineering includes selecting measuring instruments and connecting them to the control system. Control engineering develops the control program to analyze sensor data, determine necessary actions, and connect everything to the control room and local control panels. Close cooperation is needed between process and control engineers to properly define requirements and design the integrated automation system.

1. SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Episode 31 : Project
Execution Part (2)

2. E/MC Technology
E/MC technology = The Electrical Engineering and Measurement,
Control and Regulation Technology
E/MC is subdivided into three fields:
• electrical engineering
• measurement engineering
• control engineering
 Electrical engineering comprises energy supply, control cabinets
and the cabling of the electrical consumers.
 Measurement engineering comprises measuring instruments
release their signals to the host computer, host computer convert it
into the relevant control signals, control signals run to the control
cabinets via remote bus system and trigger off the activities of the
motors.
 In control engineering, the control computers are connected to the
process control station in the control room via a redundant
communication bus system.

4. Electrical Engineering
• Modern switching stations are designed with plug – in systems
• For each electrical consumer of the plant a separate plug – in module with the electric
elements required for each consumer is provided.
• Process engineer ’ s task is the compilation of the E ‐ consumer list.
• At first, the lists contain only designations like device number and plain text.
• Then the lists have to be completed with information about power input, kind and level of
voltage as well as the starting current.
• With the aid of this information, E ‐ engineer can determine the suitable cross ‐ sectional
area of the cable and plug ‐ in modules for the switching cabinets.
• From the number and kind of plug ‐ in modules the number and size of the switching
cabinets will result and thus the required space needed for the whole switching station.

5. Measurement Engineering
• At first, all measuring points of the plant have to be listed.
• The function of the measuring point derives from the process task.
• The CAD ‐ system can generate a measuring point list from the P & I diagrams which contains
at least device number, plain text and function.
• The aspects listed above cannot be considered individually and independently from each
other. The optimum selection will only be successful with the different aspects being
considered as a whole.
• Common process measuring tasks are the measurement and control of the following
physical parameters:
– volume flow
– mass flow
– density
– temperature
– pressure
– level
– pH ‐ value
– conductivity

6. • It has to be considered that the resolution or measuring accuracy
decreases with an increasing measuring range.
• The material selection of the media ‐ contacting components
depends basically on the applied medium.
• Response behavior means the velocity at which a measuring point
reacts on changing parameters. The required velocity of the
controls to be realized with these measuring systems has to be
verified.
• The planning of the device and pipe connections as well as of the
assembly and electric connection of the measuring devices require
so ‐ called mechanical measurement setups.
• The costs for measuring equipment are considerable and as usual,
special designs cause considerable extra costs.

7. Control Engineering
• Digital control systems may be redundantly designed and placed in an air ‐
conditioned room, the control room, either centralized or decentralized designed.
• The digital control systems are connected to:
 local process control panels
 control cabinets via bus systems
• The connection of the measuring devices to the control cabinets: control cables.
• The control program :
 analyzes the incoming signals of the measuring points
 converts them and deduces the corresponding switching operations or signals (eg. Alarm)
• The two major European control program suppliers:
 Siemens
 ABB

8. • The control program contains all additional workflows for the
operation of the plant :
 normal, start – up, close – down operation
 automatic and manual operation
 plant protection
• The control program is quasi hierarchically structured  better
handling and clarity
• The smallest unit called sub ‐ assembly controls, followed by group
control, and master system control. Finally, the system controls are
combined to an all ‐ including control program.
• The control schemes contain all control ‐ relevant components such
as measuring points, actuating elements, feedback controls etc.

9. • Steps to develop control program:
 Set process targets
 Transferred targets to continuous function charts (software) to create safety
standard and safety function.
 Example of continuous function charts:

10. 10
• Process and control engineers have to cooperate very closely for the
development of the control program.
• However, communication problem exists between them.
• Steps to solve the communication problem:
 The process engineering establishes requirements specification for
the control engineers ‐verbal description of the control steps the
process requires.
 In the control – engineering meetings, the project manager will
present the process workflow with the aid of the P & ID. Control
engineers prepare continuous function charts base on the meeting.
 In a second term of meetings, the control engineers will present the
continuous function charts they have developed, which will then
have to be released or approved by the plant manufacturer.

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