This document discusses process control systems. It defines a process as a sequence of interdependent procedures that transforms inputs into outputs. Control involves regulating all aspects of a process. There are three main types of processes: continuous, batch, and discrete. A process control system uses controllers and feedback to maintain process variables like pressure, temperature and flow within desired ranges. It consists of sensors, actuators and an operator interface. The two main types are open-loop and closed-loop systems. Process control has applications in industries like food production, manufacturing, and waste water treatment. Future areas of development include smart cities and transportation.

1. SHRI RAMDEOBABA COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT

2. PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEM

3.  WHAT IS PROCESS?
 WHAT IS CONTROL?
 TYPES OF PROCESS
 BASICS OF PROCESS CONTROL
 PROCESS VARIABLE
 PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEM
 TYPES OF PCS
 APPLICATION OF PCS
CONTENT
WHAT IS PROCESS?
WHAT IS CONTROL?
TYPES OF PROCESS
PROCESS CONTROL
PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEM(PCS)
PROCESS VARIABLES
COMPONENTS OF PCS
PRIMARY DEVICES OF PCS
TYPES OF PCS
APPLICATION
FUTURE SCOPE
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

4. WHAT IS PROCESS?
 A sequence of interdependent and linked
procedures
 At every stage it consume one or more
type of resources (employee time,
energy, machines, money etc.) into
outputs
 These outputs then serve as inputs for the
next stage until a known goal or end
result is reached

5. What is control?
Control in process
industries refers
to the regulation
of all aspects of
the process.

6. TYPES OF PROCESS
CONTINUOUS
PROCESS
BATCH PRODUCTION
INDIVIDUAL OR
DISCRETE PRODUCTS
PRODUCTION

7. TYPES OF PROCESSES
1.Continuous process-
process itself runs continuously and uninterrupted in time.
Example: Production of chemicals, plastics
2.Batch process-
operation is performed on the batch to produce a finished
product. Example: Production of adhesive and glues
3.Individual or discrete process-
a series of operations produces a useful output product.
Example: involves the production of discrete pieces of
product such as metal stamping.

8. PROCESS
CONTROL
 An engineering discipline that deals with
architectures, mechanism and algorithms for
maintaining the output of a specific process
within a desired range’s extensively used in
industry
 enables mass production of consistent
products from continuously operated
processes such as oil refining, paper
manufacturing etc.
 enables automation by which a small staff
of operating personnel can operate a
complex process from a central control
room.

9. WHY????
Manufacturers control the
production process for
three reasons:
a) Reduce variability
b) Increase efficiency
c) Ensure safety

10. Process control
system
 A process control system an be
defined as the functions and
operations necessary to change
material either physically or
chemically.
 Process control normally refers to
the manufacturing or processing of
products in industry.

11. PROCESS VARIABLES
A condition of the process fluid (a liquid or gas)
that can change the manufacturing process in
some way.
Common process variables include:
 Pressure
 Flow
 Level
 Temperature
 Density
 Liquid interface
 Mass
 Conductivity

12. Components of process control system
Operator-machine interface
operator
External
sensors
Process
sensors
Input
signal
condi-
tioning
controller
Output
Signal
Condi-
tioning
ff
Controlled
process
External
actuators
Process
actuators
computer

13. Programmable logic control Distributed control system

14. PRIMARY DEVICES OF
PCS-1.Programmable Control Logic
 Best for controlling machines with several
discrete devices such as motor starters, limit
switches, etc
 Uses a programmable memory to store
instructions and execute specific functions that
include on/off control, timing, counting,
sequencing, etc
 It is equipped with special input/output
interfaces and a control programming
language.

15. 2. DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM
 Central control systems which are good at
controlling analog devices.
 In this control elements are distributed throughout
the system.
 A hierarchy of controllers is connected by
communications networks for command and
monitoring.
 Dedicated systems used to control manufacturing
processes that are continuous or batch-oriented
such as oil refining, petrochemicals, central station
power generation, fertilizers etc.

16. 1. open-loop control system
2. closed loop control system
TYPES OF PROCESS CONTROL
SYSTEM

17. 1.Open loop system
 A control action is applied on the output of the system
 It does not receive any feedback signal to control or alter the output status
 Set Point-
 Controller-
 Actuators-
 Process-
 Disturbance-

18. 2.Closed loop system
 the output of the process affects the input control signal.
 The system measures the actual output of the process and compares it to the desired
output.
1. Comparator-
2. Error Amplifier
3. Controller-
4. Output attenuator-
5. Sensor Feedback -

19. APPLICATIONS OF PCS
Food Production
Telecommunication and IT sector
Car wheel manufacturing process
Waste water treatment
Continuous filling operation

20. WATER BOTTLE PLANT

21. Future scope
 Improved process modelling technique, more capable
performance monitoring tools will produce the “next”
generation of PCS with greater economic benefits and
improved reliability.
 Many automation projects will be implemented within the so
called SMART CITY.
 In transportation, buildings, and health care will have closer
proximity to process control system.

22. CONCLUSION PCS leads to automation in various fields of
industry.
 It also provides more reliability and
improvement in product.
 Lots of work can be done in single minute of
time which reduces more time required for that
work.
 It enables manufacturers to keep their operations
running within specified limits and to set more
precise limits to maximize profitability, ensure
quality and safety.

23. REFERENCES
www.electroniceforyou.com
www.http.//.nibusinessinfo.com
www.IEEE.org
www.wikipedia.org

24. Presented by-
Renuka Deshkar
Kanchan Sahu
Kanchan Sontakke
Pranali Wankhede