3. Imperfect
Aba abamos
Abas
aba
Abais
Aban
AR
Ia Iamos
Ias
Ia
Iais
Ian
ER
Ia Iamos
Ias
ia
Iais
Ian
IR
3
4. Preterito
Preteritos are for speaking about an action that was
ongoing in the past
There are many types of irregular prederites
The endings are:
É Amos Í Imos
Aste -------------- Iste -------------------
Ó Aron Ió Ieron
4
5. Irregular Preterito (-car,-gar, -zar)
Tocar Jugar Comenzar
toqué Jugué Comencé
Tocaste Jugaste Comenzaste
tocó Jugó Comenzó
Tocamos Jugamos Comenzamos
tocaron jugaron comenzaron
The irregular prederites are irregular because the spelling in
the “yo” form must change from the regular endings to keep
the same sound.
6. Spock
Fui Fuimos
I Imos
Fuiste
Iste
Fue Fueron
o Ieron
Hice Hizimos
Hiciste
Hizo Hicieron
7. cucaracha
Andar Anduv
Estar Estuv
Poder Pud
Endings:
Poner Pus É imos
Querer Quis Iste Isteis
O ieron
Saber Sup
Tener Tuv
Venir Vin
Decir Dij
Traer Traj
Drop the I
Conducir Conduj
in the 3rd
producir Produj plural form
traducir Traduj
8. Snake/snakies
Only change in third person
Examples: leer and creer change from e to y
Oir changes from I to Y
9. Modal Verbs
Ir+a+infinitive Going to do something
Poder+infinitive Are able to do something
Querer+infinitive Want to do something
Deber+infinitives Should do something
Tener que+infinitive To have to do something
Soler+infinitive To be accustomed to
Necesistar+infinitive To need to do something
10. Adverbs
Adverbs come mostly in the “mente” form. This
means that you would drop the last two letters,
change the word to a feminine form, and then add
“mente” to the end of it
There are also irregular adverbs such as: muy,
mucho, mas, peor, siempre, nunca, poco, tan,
demasiado, y bastande
If a word ends in “e”, then there is no need to change
it before “mente-ing” it because it has no feminine
form
11. Progressive Tense
The progressive tense is used to show that you are
currently doing an action. To make a verb
progressive you drop the last two letters, and add
either ando, iendo, or yendo
Ando Iendo Yendo
• Ar verbs • Ir verbs • Used for the
• Ex: bailar • Ex: comer verb “ir”
into into • Used for
bailando comiendo words that
have double
vowels
• Ex: leer into
leyendo
12. Past Progressive
The past progressive is basically the progressive
present tense, but using the “abas” and “ibas”
It is used to say that you were in the process of
doing something in the past using the imperfect
Ex: estaba comiendo (I was eating)
Ex 2: Estaba corriendo (I was running)
13. Demonstratives
Aqui Esto Estos
Alli Eso Esos
Alla Aquel Aquella
If there is an accent over the “e”, then the demonstrative acts
as a pronoun. All demonstratives agree in number and gender
with the noun if there is a noun
14. Futuro
Infinitive+ the ending
Endings are:
Decir Dir
É Emos Hacer Har
Ás Poner Pondr
Á án Salir Saldr
Tener Tendr
Valer vendr
Poder Podr
Querer Querr
saber Sabr
15. Superlatives
Superlatives are made by the formula: Tim
Es/son+El/la/los/las+más/menos+adjective
Más: most
Menos: least
Examples:
Tim es el más alto en la clase de español
“Tim is the tallest in the Spanish class”
Kendall es la menos alta en la escuela
“Kendall is the shortest in the school”
Kendall
16. Formal Commands
Affirmative Negative
Put into the “yo” form Same
Change the vow
Ex: No Corra! (usted
Ex: Corra! (usted run) don’t run!)
A DO pronoun can be used at
the end of a formal command
Ex: Comalo! (eat it)
17. Command Chart
• Drop the “s” • Put in yo form
and change
the vowel
Affirmative Affirmative
Tu Usted
Negative Negative
Tu Usted
• Put it in yo • Same as
form, change affirmative
the vowel, and
add an “s”
18. Prepositions
Dentro de- inside of
Derecha- right
Izquierda- left
Cerca- near
Lejos- far
Arriba- up/on
Abajo/debajo- above
19. Conditional
Ía Íamos
ías Íais
ía ían
•Used to show future actions that was talked
about in the past.
• ex: yo siempre dije, comería en Domingo
I always said, I will eat on Sunday
