1. Spanish Grammar Book #2
By Tulio Bueno

2. Table of Contents
1. Preterit 9. Past Progressive
2. Spock Verbs 10. Progressive Tense
11. El Futuro
3. Car Gar Zar
12. Irregular Future
4. Snake + Snakey 13. Superlatives
5. Cucaracha 14. Formal Commands
6. Irregular Preterit 15. Prepositions
7. Modal Verbs 16. Demonstratives
17. Imperfect
8. Adverbs 18. Conditional

3. Preterit

4. SPOCK VERBS

5. Car
Gar
Zar
When a verb ends with –car, -gar, or –zar, they
become stem changing… kind of.
Sacar Sacué Car goes to cué
Jugar Jugué Gar goes to gué
Empezar Zar goes to cé
Empecé

6. Snake Snakey
Stem Changers “Y” Changers
Dormir Leer
Dormi Lei
Leimos
Dormimos Leiste
Dormiste Leyo
Dormio Leyeron
Dormieron

7. Cucaracha Verbs
E Imos
Iste Isteis
O Ieron
Andar Anduv Querer Quis Conducir Conduj
Estar Estuv Saber Sup Producir Produj
Tener Tuv Traducir Traduj
Poder Pud
Venir Vin Decir Dij
Poner Pus Traer Traj

8. Irregular Preterit

9. Modal Verbs
Ir+ Infinitive (going to do something)
Poder + Infinitive(are able to do something)
Querer + Infinitive (want to do something)
Deber + Infinitive (should do something)
Tener que +Infinitive (to have to do something)
Soler + Infinitive (to be accustomed to)

10. Adverbs
For Adverbs, make the word feminine then add
mente.
Rapido Rapida Rapidamente
Tranquilo Tranquila Tranquilamente
If the word does not end in a vowel, do not put
the word into the feminine form.
Facil Facilmente
Feliz Felizmente

11. Past Progressive
Formed by adding a verb with a present
participle such as estar. To conjugate estar in the
imperfect tense, take off the ar and attach the
appropriate ending.

12. Progressive Tense
• Formed by combining a verb with the present
participle. It is used to describe an action.

13. El Futuro
-É
-Ás
Infinitive+ -Á
-Emos
-Án
AR, ER, IR

14. Future Irregular
• Decire Di
• Hacer Har
• Poner Pondr
• Salir Sald
• Tener Tendr
• Poder Podr

15. Superlatives
To say something is the least or most. Mas
being the most and menos being the least.
Example: Tulio es el mas alto en la clase.
Most Least
El mas El menos
Los mas Los menos
La mas La menos
Las mas Las menos

16. Formal Commands
Formal Commands are used when telling a
respected person what to do.
Ex. ¡Haga usted!
(You)Do It!

17. Prepositions
• Abajo •Fuera de
– Below - Outside
•Encima de
• Arriba -Above
– Above •Cerca
• Dentras de -Close
– Behind •Lejos
-Far
• Dentro de
– Inside

18. Demonstratives
Demonstratives are used to show how close
something is to you.
This That That over there
M este ese aquel
F esta esa aquella
These Those Those over there
M estos esos aquellos
F
estas esas aquellas

19. Imperfect
• Aba • Ia
• Abas • Ias
• Aba • Ia
• Abais • Iais
• Iamos
• Abamos
• Ian
• Aban

20. Conditional
To make any ar, ir, or er verb into the
conditional, just add one of these on the end
• Ía
• Ías
• Ía
• Íamos
• Íais
• Ían