This document discusses different types of microphones used in film and television production, including lavalier, handheld, and shotgun microphones. It describes the pickup patterns and common uses of each microphone type. Additionally, it covers XLR cables for connecting microphones and various recording accessories like windscreens and pop filters. Tips are provided for recording good quality sound, such as choosing the right microphone, monitoring audio levels, eliminating background noise, and having subjects speak clearly.

1. RECORDING SOUND
Microphones and Cables used in Film &
Television

2. Pickup Patterns
 Different microphones pick up sound in different
ways.
 The direction from which a mic records sound is
referred to as its pickup pattern.

3. Lavaliere (Lav) Mic
 Omni-Directional
 Hands-free (fastened
to clothing with a clip)
 Used for:
 Interviews
 News anchors
 Planting in scenes
that are hard to place
a mic

4. Handheld Mic
 Cardioid
 Used for:
 Electronic News
Gathering (ENG)
 Interviews
 Field Reporting
 Game Show Hosts

5. Shotgun Mic
 Super Cardioid
 Often used in
conjunction with a
boom pole
 Used for:
 Film Shoots
 Location sound
 Recording nature

6. XLR Cables
 Most commonly used
cable for attaching an
external mic to a
camera
 Carries a left
channel, as right
channel, and a
ground wire.

7. Other Types of Audio Cables

8. Recording Accessories
Windscreens Pop-Filters
 These devices are  Used to minimize
used to eliminate or plosives (pop-sounds
reduce wind made while talking) in
sound, and other the studio
ambient environment.
sounds, during the
recording process.

9. How is Sound Measured?
 The volume of sound is Digital & Analog VU Meters
measured in decibels (dB).
 A VU (volume units) meter
is used to measure the
decibels of a sound.
 Sound that is louder than
0dB becomes distorted. In
the film industry, when a
sound is distorted, or too
loud, it is referred to as
“hot” or “overmodulated”.

10. Tips for Recording Good Sound
 Each mic has a specific purpose. When choosing a
mic, think about what you are recording and how you want
it to sound.
 Make sure you use headphones to listen to the audio as
you record it. This will allow you to hear exactly what is
being recorded to tape.
 Use an external mic. The microphones included on
cameras are not high quality, and will produce a low quality
audio recording.
 Eliminate as much background noise as possible. Close
windows, shut doors, turn off lights and/or electrical
equipment to reduce excess noise and/or buzzing.
 Hold the mic close to your subject, pointed at her/his
mouth.
 Have the person speak clearly and loudly.
 Check your VU levels to make sure the audio you are