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Types of tv and film sound

1. Sound plays a crucial role in films, with 90% of the experience coming from audio rather than visuals. Sound is used to simulate reality, add elements not visible, and set mood. 2. Key audio elements include dialogue, ambient noise, additional recordings, narration, effects, score, and soundtrack music. Effects are created through Foley artistry and studios. 3. The editing and mixing process combines all audio layers to enhance realism and emotional impact for the audience.

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Sound in Film & Television “Sound is the input we take most for granted when watching a flick. We take the explosions, kisses, gunshots, and thunderstorms as simple recordings when there is a whole set of technicians and technologies put in play to give you a sense of what a Jedi light saber sounds like in action.”1
The Importance of Sound 90% of a motion picture is sound. Picture is far less important than the sound. The audience can only look at one picture at a time. Yet the audience can hear dozens of distinct sounds all at the same time and separate and process all that information... if it is done correctly. 2
Using Sound in Film As sound editor Marvin M. Kerner says in The Art of the Sound Effects Editor, "the function of sound is three-fold": 1. To simulate reality.  The simulation of reality can be something as small but distinctive as the sound of a door opening and closing on the Starship Enterprise, to the extremely complex creation of a language for the Star Wars series' Ewoks. 1. To add or create something off scene that is not really there. 2. To help the director create a mood.  Besidessetting the mood, sound can introduce important elements of the plot, or even intentionally confuse or mislead audiences.3
Types of Sound in TV & Film 1. Dialogue 2. Ambient or Natural Sound 3. Additional Dialogue Recording (ADR) 4. Narration 5. Sound Effects (SFX) 6. Score 7. Soundtrack
Dialogue The sound of people talking while onscreen. Usually they are talking to each other.
Ambient aka Natural Sound Background noise in a scene. One part of ambiance is room tone. This is the background noise on the movie set. The sound of a background crowd is called Walla.
Additional Dialogue Recording (ADR) Dialogue recorded after the movie is done shooting. This is done if something ruined the dialogue during shooting, such as the noise of a plane.
Narration The voice of a person heard speaking, but not seen on camera. Usually the narrator is telling the story.
Sound Effects (SFX) Any sounds that are created for the movie, such as footsteps, alien sounds, wind, etc.
The Foley Process “The Foley artist creates sound effects on a Foley stage, which is simply a production room in which everything is a sound prop, including the floor, which can provide different kinds of footfalls. The film rolls on-screen, and the Foley artist matches the kind of sound the filmmaker wants to the image projected.”5 The Foley Process was created by Jack Foley.
The Foley Artist “Foley artists begin their work by watching the film to determine which sounds need to be replaced, which need to be enhanced, and which just simply need to be added. At this time, the sound on the film includes all of the dialogue and sound effects created during the actual production of the film. These sounds are recorded on a production track or guide track.”6
The Foley Stage “In a Foley studio, you'll find different surfaces for walking on, a splash tank, echo chambers, and a mixing booth where the sound engineers record and mix everything. Foley artists spend hours huddled around a microphone, reading cue sheet, and watching a huge screen as they meticulously synchronize their noises to the action.”7
Foley Examples Breaking Bones Slap or Punch Supplies: Very fresh carrots and celery Supplies: Piece of raw steak. Technique: To emulate a person getting Technique: Break the carrots and celery in slapped in the face, hold a somewhat half in front of the microphone. Usually, you have to break the carrots separate thick (about 1") piece of raw steak with from the celery and then combine the one hand and hit it with an open palm sounds on tape later. The combo makes a in the center of the meat. To simulate a nice snapping-crack sound (the carrots person being punched (on a part of the and initial celery snap) and then a slight body without clothing, such as a face, peeling-breaking away sound (the strands neck, naked arm, or naked chest) use of celery tearing away) that finishes it off the same basic method, but choose a and adds to the "realism." thicker slice of steak depending on the part of body you are simulating being hit and punch the meat with a closed Notes: This trick can be used for a variety fist action.8 of sound effects, from toes being run over by a car, bones being crunched or broken, or even knuckle cracking.8
Score Original music that is created for the film and plays at different points throughout the movie.
Soundtrack Music included in your film that wasn’t created specifically for the film (for example, a song by a popular artist).
Synchronous vs. Asynchronous Synchronous sound: Synchronous sound includes all noises whose origins can be seen on-screen. Asynchronous sound: Asynchronous sound is any noise whose origin you can't see.
Mix it up! “The edited dialogue and ADR, sound effects, Foley and Musical elements that will comprise the soundtrack are assembled.” 10
Now Add Some Sweetener “Sound Sweetening simply means enhancing a sound effect. Rooster Rooster Create copies of the sound and apply various sound effects filters (reverb, echo, With Echo With Echo pitch shifting compression etc.) and then combine them all together until it sounds good. With Reverb With Reverb You might have half a dozen different layers in a single sound effect. Total trial and error.”11 All three combined All three combined
Terms to Know 12  Cue sheet: a list of all the necessary sound effects, along with their "cues"--time code and/or film footage signals that indicate when the sound begins and ends  Echo chamber: a box or container used to create the illusion of distance and reverberation  Incidental: casual, everyday sounds. Special sound effects that aren't necessarily "special."  Mixing console: a machine capable of taking in several different sounds, then mixing them at different levels to create a single, unified sound  Reverberation: a reechoed sound which fades until it becomes inaudible  Rough cut: the "first draft" of a film  Score: the background music throughout a film  Splash tank: a container filled with water for wet sound effects  Walla: the film industry term for background crowd noises in a movie
Listen up! “From now on, when you exit the theater, you should not simply sing the theme song and promptly forget the rest of the sounds in the film. Rather, you should be asking what kind of theme music was used, what other use of music within the narrative, what sound effects were created for which situations, whether certain effects were synchronous or asynchronous, and why. So get out to the local multiplex and start listening with both ears!” 13
References  1 http://www.infoplease.com/cig/movies-flicks-film/film-sound-movies.html  2 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Movie_Making_Manual/Sound_Design  3 http://www.infoplease.com/cig/movies-flicks-film/sound-effects-functions.html  4 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Movie_Making_Manual/Sound_Design  5 http://www.infoplease.com/cig/movies-flicks-film/sound-effects-functions.html  6 http://filmsound.org/foley/newtons_apple/index.htm  7 http://filmsound.org/foley/newtons_apple/index.htm  8 http://www.creationguide.com/foley/  9 http://www.infoplease.com/cig/movies-flicks-film/bring-da-noise-synchronous-nonsynchronous-sound.html  10 http://filmsound.org/AudiopostFAQ/audiopostfaq.htm  11 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Movie_Making_Manual/Sound_Design  12 http://filmsound.org/foley/newtons_apple/index.htm  13 http://www.infoplease.com/cig/movies-flicks-film/musical-interlude.html