Chapter 8
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Journalism has evolved dramatically over centuries from handwritten clay tablets and newsletters to modern digital media like websites, social media, and blogs. New technologies have changed how news is gathered, produced, and distributed, transforming journalists' roles from gatekeepers of information to navigators who help guide readers. As media have converged online, journalists must adapt storytelling techniques and develop new skills to engage audiences with multimedia content on various digital platforms.
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Chapter 4
The document provides a brief history of journalism, noting that while it has included "bloid trash" and "slimy sensationalists," it is also full of heroes who risk their lives to tell important stories. It traces the evolution of how news has been communicated over centuries, from clay tablets and handwritten newsletters to modern newspapers, radio, television, and the internet. The history of journalism is viewed by some as a story of technological progress, while others see it as a specialized form of expression or a struggle for free speech.
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The document summarizes the development of the telegraph network in the Victorian era, known as the "Victorian Internet". Key events included:
1) Cyrus Field spearheaded the laying of the first transatlantic telegraph cable in the 1850s, though it failed initially.
2) By the early 1870s, a global network of undersea cables, land lines, pneumatic tubes, and messengers had emerged to transmit messages worldwide within hours.
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The document discusses chapters from the book "The Victorian Internet" by Tom Standage. It summarizes key points about the development of the trans-Atlantic telegraph in the 1850s and 1860s, including three failed attempts before success in 1866. This led to technological optimism and the growth of the telegraph network. By the late 1860s, a vast telegraph network had taken shape, connecting major cities through cables and other systems. However, the network also faced challenges like high costs and congestion. The telegraph impacted society and business by accelerating the spread of news and increasing competition. However, new technologies like the telephone later made the telegraph obsolete. The legacy of the telegraph can be seen in modern Internet and
The Victorian Internet - Max Gardner
The Victorian Internet by Tom Standage describes the development of the electric telegraph from the early 1800s and its role in connecting the world. It discusses key figures like Cyrus Field who connected Newfoundland to New York in 1855 and helped lay the first transatlantic telegraph cable in 1866. While the cable failed initially due to incompetence, it was repaired due to the work of William Thomson, later known as Lord Kelvin. The telegraph became a global network and helped newspapers share international news. It faced challenges from congestion and security but helped avoid wars through faster diplomacy. The technology advanced and networks expanded, eventually being replaced by telephones and digital communication.
The Victorian Internet
"In the XIX century there were no televisions, aeroplanes, computers, or spacecraft; neither were there antibiotics, credit cards, microwave ovens, compact discs, or mobile phones. There was, however, an Internet."
-- Tom Standage
Here is a speech I gave at a While42 Singapore event (cool French engineers alumni network)
Mm ch 08radio
This chapter summarizes the history of radio, beginning with early developments in the late 19th century through its growth in popularity in the 20th century. It discusses key inventors and innovations like AM/FM technology. It describes the rise of radio networks and the golden age of radio in the 1930s-40s. The chapter also discusses how radio adapted to competition from television through the transistor radio and format-based programming. It concludes with current trends like concentration of ownership and the transition to digital radio.
Module One
This document provides a history of journalism from ancient times to the modern era. It discusses legendary journalists like Mark Twain and Nellie Bly and how the field has evolved with new technologies from the penny press to radio, television, and the internet. The document also examines the rise of objectivity in journalism as yellow journalism declined and discusses different types of modern news consumers and their preferences.
Mm ch 14 media law
This chapter discusses the history and current state of media law regarding freedom of expression. It covers the development of free speech philosophy from John Milton in 1644 to protections established in the US Constitution. Early laws like the Sedition Acts restricted criticism of government. The Zenger trial established truth as a defense against sedition charges. Current issues around intellectual property, privacy, libel and newsgathering are analyzed, as well as controversies around censorship and conflicting rights like free press versus right to a fair trial.
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Chapter 4
The document provides a brief history of journalism, noting that while it has included "bloid trash" and "slimy sensationalists," it is also full of heroes who risk their lives to tell important stories. It traces the evolution of how news has been communicated over centuries, from clay tablets and handwritten newsletters to modern newspapers, radio, television, and the internet. The history of journalism is viewed by some as a story of technological progress, while others see it as a specialized form of expression or a struggle for free speech.
Victorian Internet Presentation
The document summarizes the development of the telegraph network in the Victorian era, known as the "Victorian Internet". Key events included:
1) Cyrus Field spearheaded the laying of the first transatlantic telegraph cable in the 1850s, though it failed initially.
2) By the early 1870s, a global network of undersea cables, land lines, pneumatic tubes, and messengers had emerged to transmit messages worldwide within hours.
3) New technologies like stock tickers and Edison's quadruplex system automated telegraphy but also led to its decline as the telephone became popular in the late 1870s.
The Victorian Internet
The document discusses chapters from the book "The Victorian Internet" by Tom Standage. It summarizes key points about the development of the trans-Atlantic telegraph in the 1850s and 1860s, including three failed attempts before success in 1866. This led to technological optimism and the growth of the telegraph network. By the late 1860s, a vast telegraph network had taken shape, connecting major cities through cables and other systems. However, the network also faced challenges like high costs and congestion. The telegraph impacted society and business by accelerating the spread of news and increasing competition. However, new technologies like the telephone later made the telegraph obsolete. The legacy of the telegraph can be seen in modern Internet and
The Victorian Internet - Max Gardner
The Victorian Internet by Tom Standage describes the development of the electric telegraph from the early 1800s and its role in connecting the world. It discusses key figures like Cyrus Field who connected Newfoundland to New York in 1855 and helped lay the first transatlantic telegraph cable in 1866. While the cable failed initially due to incompetence, it was repaired due to the work of William Thomson, later known as Lord Kelvin. The telegraph became a global network and helped newspapers share international news. It faced challenges from congestion and security but helped avoid wars through faster diplomacy. The technology advanced and networks expanded, eventually being replaced by telephones and digital communication.
The Victorian Internet
"In the XIX century there were no televisions, aeroplanes, computers, or spacecraft; neither were there antibiotics, credit cards, microwave ovens, compact discs, or mobile phones. There was, however, an Internet."
-- Tom Standage
Here is a speech I gave at a While42 Singapore event (cool French engineers alumni network)
Mm ch 08radio
This chapter summarizes the history of radio, beginning with early developments in the late 19th century through its growth in popularity in the 20th century. It discusses key inventors and innovations like AM/FM technology. It describes the rise of radio networks and the golden age of radio in the 1930s-40s. The chapter also discusses how radio adapted to competition from television through the transistor radio and format-based programming. It concludes with current trends like concentration of ownership and the transition to digital radio.
Module One
This document provides a history of journalism from ancient times to the modern era. It discusses legendary journalists like Mark Twain and Nellie Bly and how the field has evolved with new technologies from the penny press to radio, television, and the internet. The document also examines the rise of objectivity in journalism as yellow journalism declined and discusses different types of modern news consumers and their preferences.
Mm ch 14 media law
This chapter discusses the history and current state of media law regarding freedom of expression. It covers the development of free speech philosophy from John Milton in 1644 to protections established in the US Constitution. Early laws like the Sedition Acts restricted criticism of government. The Zenger trial established truth as a defense against sedition charges. Current issues around intellectual property, privacy, libel and newsgathering are analyzed, as well as controversies around censorship and conflicting rights like free press versus right to a fair trial.
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This document provides an overview of public relations as a profession and industry. It discusses the history of public relations, from ancient Greece to modern times. It outlines some of the major events and figures that shaped the development of public relations, such as Ivy Ledbetter Lee being considered the father of modern public relations. The document also describes the current public relations industry, including the top agencies, common PR activities like research and communication, and tools used like press releases. It concludes by discussing some controversies around the ethics of PR tactics such as spinning information and using gifts or junkets with reporters.
Mm ch 04newspapers
This document provides a brief history of newspapers from their origins in China over 1,200 years ago and their development in Europe following Gutenberg's printing press. It discusses the establishment of newspapers in early America and their role in publishing revolutionary ideas and the Civil Rights movement. The document also outlines the modern newspaper publishing industry, including major papers, alternative ethnic papers, and supporting wire services. It concludes by examining controversies in newspaper ownership concentration and lack of diversity in newsrooms.
Chapter 9
The document provides an overview of the history of journalism from ancient times to modern technologies. It discusses how journalism has evolved from clay tablets and handwritten newsletters to newspapers, radio, television, and digital media. The document also notes that journalism has a long history but also an inspiring tradition of defending free speech and sharing important stories with the public.
Mm ch 11 news
This document discusses the history and current state of television news. It covers 6 trends in the news industry, including cutbacks affecting coverage and digital advertising outpacing news revenue. It also provides a brief history of electronic news from early radio to the development of cable news networks. Additional sections discuss understanding the news industry, including the roles of anchors and correspondents, as well as controversies over perceived biases in news reporting and the influence of entertainment values.
Mm ch 10 internet
This document provides a history of the internet and computers. It discusses the early development of computers in the 1940s-50s for military use. It then covers the creation of ARPANET in the 1960s-70s and its transition to public use. It also discusses the development of personal computers in the 1970s, the creation of the World Wide Web in 1989, and the growth of commercial internet services and browsers in the 1990s. Finally, it covers key components and industries of today's internet such as internet service providers, search engines, social media, and economics.
Mm ch 07music
This document provides a history of the recording industry from its origins in the late 19th century to modern digital formats and online distribution. It describes key developments like the invention of the phonograph, the rise of radio and popular music genres. It also summarizes the major labels that dominate the industry, the roles of independents, and issues around royalties, promotion, and distribution. Finally, it outlines some of the controversies around censorship and the cultural effects of music.
Mm ch 09 television
The document provides a history of television from its early development to modern times. It discusses the key inventors and early technology in the 1920s-1940s. Standards were developed in the 1940s which allowed the industry to grow rapidly after WWII. Network television emerged in the late 1940s and 1950s, bringing family entertainment into homes. Cable television began in the 1950s and grew substantially between 1970-1990, challenging network dominance. More recently, television has adapted to new technologies like digital, internet streaming, and video recording devices.
Mm ch 05magazines
The document provides a history of magazines from their origins in the 17th century to modern developments. It outlines key events like the first American magazines failing due to being seen as luxuries. Later, magazines specialized in topics like women's interests and achieved mass audiences. Changes in technology and competition from radio and TV impacted magazines. Today, magazines adapt to new media and expand globally while various types serve different audiences and purposes. Controversies sometimes involve unrealistic beauty standards promoted and credibility issues.
Audio recorders
There are several types of audio recorders including analog recorders that use tape, digital recorders that record in compressed or uncompressed digital formats, and consumer or professional models. When choosing a recorder, factors to consider include cost, audio quality, file format support, durability, power source, and input connection types like XLR, TRS, or mini jack. Uncompressed file formats like WAV and AIFF maintain the highest quality but result in larger file sizes.
Mm ch 06movies
The document provides an overview of the history and development of the movie industry. It discusses early movie technologies from the late 19th century and the establishment of the first movie studios in Hollywood in the early 20th century. It then summarizes the golden age of Hollywood in the 1930s-40s and how the industry adapted to new technologies and media over time, including television, VCRs, DVDs, and online distribution methods. Finally, it outlines some of the key components and roles within the modern movie production and distribution process and some common controversies involving movie content.
Digital audio recording
Digital audio involves encoding an audio signal in digital form, making it more reliable than analogue audio which is susceptible to noise and distortion. Pulse-code modulation (PCM) is the standard form of digital audio, representing sampled analogue signals digitally. In 1985, Brothers in Arms by Dire Straits was one of the first mainstream albums recorded fully digitally rather than using analogue equipment. Multitrack recording allows recording sounds separately and combining them, which digital technology has made much easier and more flexible compared to analogue recording. Compact discs store audio using binary data and were a mainstream medium for music in the late 1980s, but CD sales have declined with online distribution and flash drives rising.
Audio recordings
This document discusses the history and technology behind different methods of audio recording, including mechanical, magnetic, optical, and digital formats. It covers early developments like the phonograph and gramophone, as well as modern technologies like vinyl record cutting lathes, magnetic tape recording using reel-to-reel and cassette tapes, optical discs like CDs that use lasers to read encoded data pits, and digital audio formats like DAT tapes and portable recorders that store audio digitally. Key advantages of digital formats are freedom from noise, error correction, high information density, and ability to compress data.
Mm ch 15 ethics
This document outlines key concepts in media ethics, including:
- A brief history of media ethics from the penny press era to modern digital media and issues like WikiLeaks
- Basic ethical orientations like absolutism, utilitarianism, and situation ethics
- Conflicting loyalties journalists may face between duty to profession, employer, society
- Conflicts of interest such as relationships, finances, and corporate censorship
- Methods of accountability like ombudsmen, news councils, and professional organizations
Sound Design - From Zero to Hero
Audio for pictures can be grouped into dialog, sound effects, and music/score. Different teams typically work on each element, and they are brought together during final mixing. The document then provides details on the production processes for dialog recording on location, automated dialogue replacement, foley, sound effects, and use of music in pictures.
Recording Sound
This document discusses different types of microphones used in film and television production, including lavalier, handheld, and shotgun microphones. It describes the pickup patterns and common uses of each microphone type. Additionally, it covers XLR cables for connecting microphones and various recording accessories like windscreens and pop filters. Tips are provided for recording good quality sound, such as choosing the right microphone, monitoring audio levels, eliminating background noise, and having subjects speak clearly.
Sound in film
Dubbing involves mixing additional sound recordings with original production sound to create the finished soundtrack. During filming, diegetic sounds may be faded to highlight important character dialogue. This seems realistic even though it's not entirely accurate because the sounds establish atmosphere and involve the audience. A mixed soundtrack with adjustments to levels, equalization, panning and effects enhances scenes and storytelling. The dubbing process physically controls sound on a dub stage where mixers balance dialogue, effects, music and more to record the final track. Controlling sound aims to stimulate reality, create illusions and set moods that immerse audiences in the world of the film.
Chapter 6
This document provides an overview of the field of journalism, outlining its long history from ancient times to the modern era. Journalism has evolved from clay tablets and handwritten newsletters to today's digital media landscape. The profession has seen many technological advances but also consists of storytelling, investigating power structures, and defending free speech. The passage discusses different views of journalism including as a form of expression, a quest for truth, and a business. It prefaces an exploration of 600 years of the media, messages, and politics that have shaped journalism.
Chapter 2
This document provides a brief history of journalism, tracing its evolution from ancient times to the modern era. It notes that early forms of news included clay tablets, handwritten newsletters, and stories spread by wandering minstrels. Technological advances like the printing press, radio, television, and the internet have dramatically impacted the journalism industry over centuries. The text also references debates around viewing journalism through lenses of technological progress, literary expression, or as a quest for free speech.
Chapter 10
The document provides a brief history of journalism, describing its evolution over centuries from ancient clay tablets to modern digital media. Journalism has progressed through technological advances like bigger printing presses but has also transformed as a form of literary expression that reflects and shapes culture. It is seen both as a quest for free speech and an ongoing struggle between authority and public access to information. The typography of newspapers changed dramatically between 1800 and 1900, becoming more disciplined, entertaining, and essential with features like headlines, ads, and comics sections. Radio and television ultimately ended newspapers' monopoly by providing a more engaging medium.
Stephen quinn, stephen lamble online newsgathering research and reporting ...
This document provides an introduction to how the Internet is changing journalism and how those changes affect reporters. It notes that all journalism now involves computers in some way. Reporters almost universally use the Internet as a newsgathering tool. The concept of computer-assisted reporting (CAR) describes how journalists use computers and the Internet in their work. As the largest source of information, the Internet allows reporters to gather better quality information and produce better reporting.
The (R)evolution of Storytelling
The internet has profoundly affected how we collect and consume information; there is no debate about that. How can media companies adapt, survive and thrive in the digital age by returning to the fundamentals of the narrative?
21st Century Communication A Reference Handbook The Cha.docx
21st Century Communication: A Reference
Handbook
The Changing Nature of “News”
Contributors: Michele Weldon
Edited by: William F. Eadie
Book Title: 21st Century Communication: A Reference Handbook
Chapter Title: "The Changing Nature of “News”"
Pub. Date: 2009
Access Date: January 22, 2019
Publishing Company: SAGE Publications, Inc.
City: Thousand Oaks
Print ISBN: 9781412950305
Online ISBN: 9781412964005
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412964005.n65
Print pages: 592-599
© 2009 SAGE Publications, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
This PDF has been generated from SAGE Knowledge. Please note that the pagination of the online
version will vary from the pagination of the print book.
javascript:void(0);
http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412964005.n65
The Changing Nature of “News”
What Are News Values?
“Man bites dog” is an old newsroom joke demonstrating what kind of event would be considered universally
newsworthy to tell any audience, what would justifiably make it to the printed front page or the opening mo-
ments in a television newscast. It is a story that has time-honored news values, including timeliness, proximi-
ty, conflict, impact, and unusualness.
The story is timely as well as local, and the conflict arises from the notion that a dog is no longer man's best
friend, which has broad implications and consequences. Of course, it is unusual, and if the man biting the
canine turns out to be a celebrity, then the story has prominence as well. And if the dog is famous (appears in
commercials, movies, or skateboards in aYouTube clip), well, then we have an undeniably newsworthy story
with double the celebrity value.
But such simple definitions of news have become splintered and confused in an increasingly chaotic and
crowded media landscape. How the local man-bites-dog story is told in the 21st century depends on the au-
dience and the delivery mode—whether it is received as text, digital, or broadcast, or all these combined.
The content of the story would not stop at the simplistic text answers to the most fundamental and traditional
questions of who, what, where, when, why, and how in an inverted-pyramid-style story of 250 words.
It would be an elective experience for the audience on many platforms and in many shades of intensity driven
by personal interests.
Today, a consumer would go to the newspaper's Web site, see the bulleted brief or a simple headline—per-
haps 15 words underlined and in blue, click on it, and watch a video of the man being taken away by the
police, perhaps following a car chase resulting in a reality-TV-ready arrest. The bitten dog's owners would be
interviewed on a separate audio podcast, with links to information about the breed, how to report pet abuse,
plus a Flash-enhanced timeline of man-bites-dog incidents in history, as well as a photo slideshow with audio
of comments from neighbors and coworkers on the “canine-ivorous” man's recent behavior. A link would be
.
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This document provides an overview of public relations as a profession and industry. It discusses the history of public relations, from ancient Greece to modern times. It outlines some of the major events and figures that shaped the development of public relations, such as Ivy Ledbetter Lee being considered the father of modern public relations. The document also describes the current public relations industry, including the top agencies, common PR activities like research and communication, and tools used like press releases. It concludes by discussing some controversies around the ethics of PR tactics such as spinning information and using gifts or junkets with reporters.
Mm ch 04newspapers
This document provides a brief history of newspapers from their origins in China over 1,200 years ago and their development in Europe following Gutenberg's printing press. It discusses the establishment of newspapers in early America and their role in publishing revolutionary ideas and the Civil Rights movement. The document also outlines the modern newspaper publishing industry, including major papers, alternative ethnic papers, and supporting wire services. It concludes by examining controversies in newspaper ownership concentration and lack of diversity in newsrooms.
Chapter 9
The document provides an overview of the history of journalism from ancient times to modern technologies. It discusses how journalism has evolved from clay tablets and handwritten newsletters to newspapers, radio, television, and digital media. The document also notes that journalism has a long history but also an inspiring tradition of defending free speech and sharing important stories with the public.
Mm ch 11 news
This document discusses the history and current state of television news. It covers 6 trends in the news industry, including cutbacks affecting coverage and digital advertising outpacing news revenue. It also provides a brief history of electronic news from early radio to the development of cable news networks. Additional sections discuss understanding the news industry, including the roles of anchors and correspondents, as well as controversies over perceived biases in news reporting and the influence of entertainment values.
Mm ch 10 internet
This document provides a history of the internet and computers. It discusses the early development of computers in the 1940s-50s for military use. It then covers the creation of ARPANET in the 1960s-70s and its transition to public use. It also discusses the development of personal computers in the 1970s, the creation of the World Wide Web in 1989, and the growth of commercial internet services and browsers in the 1990s. Finally, it covers key components and industries of today's internet such as internet service providers, search engines, social media, and economics.
Mm ch 07music
This document provides a history of the recording industry from its origins in the late 19th century to modern digital formats and online distribution. It describes key developments like the invention of the phonograph, the rise of radio and popular music genres. It also summarizes the major labels that dominate the industry, the roles of independents, and issues around royalties, promotion, and distribution. Finally, it outlines some of the controversies around censorship and the cultural effects of music.
Mm ch 09 television
The document provides a history of television from its early development to modern times. It discusses the key inventors and early technology in the 1920s-1940s. Standards were developed in the 1940s which allowed the industry to grow rapidly after WWII. Network television emerged in the late 1940s and 1950s, bringing family entertainment into homes. Cable television began in the 1950s and grew substantially between 1970-1990, challenging network dominance. More recently, television has adapted to new technologies like digital, internet streaming, and video recording devices.
Mm ch 05magazines
The document provides a history of magazines from their origins in the 17th century to modern developments. It outlines key events like the first American magazines failing due to being seen as luxuries. Later, magazines specialized in topics like women's interests and achieved mass audiences. Changes in technology and competition from radio and TV impacted magazines. Today, magazines adapt to new media and expand globally while various types serve different audiences and purposes. Controversies sometimes involve unrealistic beauty standards promoted and credibility issues.
Audio recorders
There are several types of audio recorders including analog recorders that use tape, digital recorders that record in compressed or uncompressed digital formats, and consumer or professional models. When choosing a recorder, factors to consider include cost, audio quality, file format support, durability, power source, and input connection types like XLR, TRS, or mini jack. Uncompressed file formats like WAV and AIFF maintain the highest quality but result in larger file sizes.
Mm ch 06movies
The document provides an overview of the history and development of the movie industry. It discusses early movie technologies from the late 19th century and the establishment of the first movie studios in Hollywood in the early 20th century. It then summarizes the golden age of Hollywood in the 1930s-40s and how the industry adapted to new technologies and media over time, including television, VCRs, DVDs, and online distribution methods. Finally, it outlines some of the key components and roles within the modern movie production and distribution process and some common controversies involving movie content.
Digital audio recording
Digital audio involves encoding an audio signal in digital form, making it more reliable than analogue audio which is susceptible to noise and distortion. Pulse-code modulation (PCM) is the standard form of digital audio, representing sampled analogue signals digitally. In 1985, Brothers in Arms by Dire Straits was one of the first mainstream albums recorded fully digitally rather than using analogue equipment. Multitrack recording allows recording sounds separately and combining them, which digital technology has made much easier and more flexible compared to analogue recording. Compact discs store audio using binary data and were a mainstream medium for music in the late 1980s, but CD sales have declined with online distribution and flash drives rising.
Audio recordings
This document discusses the history and technology behind different methods of audio recording, including mechanical, magnetic, optical, and digital formats. It covers early developments like the phonograph and gramophone, as well as modern technologies like vinyl record cutting lathes, magnetic tape recording using reel-to-reel and cassette tapes, optical discs like CDs that use lasers to read encoded data pits, and digital audio formats like DAT tapes and portable recorders that store audio digitally. Key advantages of digital formats are freedom from noise, error correction, high information density, and ability to compress data.
Mm ch 15 ethics
This document outlines key concepts in media ethics, including:
- A brief history of media ethics from the penny press era to modern digital media and issues like WikiLeaks
- Basic ethical orientations like absolutism, utilitarianism, and situation ethics
- Conflicting loyalties journalists may face between duty to profession, employer, society
- Conflicts of interest such as relationships, finances, and corporate censorship
- Methods of accountability like ombudsmen, news councils, and professional organizations
Sound Design - From Zero to Hero
Audio for pictures can be grouped into dialog, sound effects, and music/score. Different teams typically work on each element, and they are brought together during final mixing. The document then provides details on the production processes for dialog recording on location, automated dialogue replacement, foley, sound effects, and use of music in pictures.
Recording Sound
This document discusses different types of microphones used in film and television production, including lavalier, handheld, and shotgun microphones. It describes the pickup patterns and common uses of each microphone type. Additionally, it covers XLR cables for connecting microphones and various recording accessories like windscreens and pop filters. Tips are provided for recording good quality sound, such as choosing the right microphone, monitoring audio levels, eliminating background noise, and having subjects speak clearly.
Sound in film
Dubbing involves mixing additional sound recordings with original production sound to create the finished soundtrack. During filming, diegetic sounds may be faded to highlight important character dialogue. This seems realistic even though it's not entirely accurate because the sounds establish atmosphere and involve the audience. A mixed soundtrack with adjustments to levels, equalization, panning and effects enhances scenes and storytelling. The dubbing process physically controls sound on a dub stage where mixers balance dialogue, effects, music and more to record the final track. Controlling sound aims to stimulate reality, create illusions and set moods that immerse audiences in the world of the film.
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Chapter 6
This document provides an overview of the field of journalism, outlining its long history from ancient times to the modern era. Journalism has evolved from clay tablets and handwritten newsletters to today's digital media landscape. The profession has seen many technological advances but also consists of storytelling, investigating power structures, and defending free speech. The passage discusses different views of journalism including as a form of expression, a quest for truth, and a business. It prefaces an exploration of 600 years of the media, messages, and politics that have shaped journalism.
Chapter 2
This document provides a brief history of journalism, tracing its evolution from ancient times to the modern era. It notes that early forms of news included clay tablets, handwritten newsletters, and stories spread by wandering minstrels. Technological advances like the printing press, radio, television, and the internet have dramatically impacted the journalism industry over centuries. The text also references debates around viewing journalism through lenses of technological progress, literary expression, or as a quest for free speech.
Chapter 10
The document provides a brief history of journalism, describing its evolution over centuries from ancient clay tablets to modern digital media. Journalism has progressed through technological advances like bigger printing presses but has also transformed as a form of literary expression that reflects and shapes culture. It is seen both as a quest for free speech and an ongoing struggle between authority and public access to information. The typography of newspapers changed dramatically between 1800 and 1900, becoming more disciplined, entertaining, and essential with features like headlines, ads, and comics sections. Radio and television ultimately ended newspapers' monopoly by providing a more engaging medium.
Stephen quinn, stephen lamble online newsgathering research and reporting ...
This document provides an introduction to how the Internet is changing journalism and how those changes affect reporters. It notes that all journalism now involves computers in some way. Reporters almost universally use the Internet as a newsgathering tool. The concept of computer-assisted reporting (CAR) describes how journalists use computers and the Internet in their work. As the largest source of information, the Internet allows reporters to gather better quality information and produce better reporting.
The (R)evolution of Storytelling
The internet has profoundly affected how we collect and consume information; there is no debate about that. How can media companies adapt, survive and thrive in the digital age by returning to the fundamentals of the narrative?
21st Century Communication A Reference Handbook The Cha.docx
21st Century Communication: A Reference
Handbook
The Changing Nature of “News”
Contributors: Michele Weldon
Edited by: William F. Eadie
Book Title: 21st Century Communication: A Reference Handbook
Chapter Title: "The Changing Nature of “News”"
Pub. Date: 2009
Access Date: January 22, 2019
Publishing Company: SAGE Publications, Inc.
City: Thousand Oaks
Print ISBN: 9781412950305
Online ISBN: 9781412964005
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412964005.n65
Print pages: 592-599
© 2009 SAGE Publications, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
This PDF has been generated from SAGE Knowledge. Please note that the pagination of the online
version will vary from the pagination of the print book.
javascript:void(0);
http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412964005.n65
The Changing Nature of “News”
What Are News Values?
“Man bites dog” is an old newsroom joke demonstrating what kind of event would be considered universally
newsworthy to tell any audience, what would justifiably make it to the printed front page or the opening mo-
ments in a television newscast. It is a story that has time-honored news values, including timeliness, proximi-
ty, conflict, impact, and unusualness.
The story is timely as well as local, and the conflict arises from the notion that a dog is no longer man's best
friend, which has broad implications and consequences. Of course, it is unusual, and if the man biting the
canine turns out to be a celebrity, then the story has prominence as well. And if the dog is famous (appears in
commercials, movies, or skateboards in aYouTube clip), well, then we have an undeniably newsworthy story
with double the celebrity value.
But such simple definitions of news have become splintered and confused in an increasingly chaotic and
crowded media landscape. How the local man-bites-dog story is told in the 21st century depends on the au-
dience and the delivery mode—whether it is received as text, digital, or broadcast, or all these combined.
The content of the story would not stop at the simplistic text answers to the most fundamental and traditional
questions of who, what, where, when, why, and how in an inverted-pyramid-style story of 250 words.
It would be an elective experience for the audience on many platforms and in many shades of intensity driven
by personal interests.
Today, a consumer would go to the newspaper's Web site, see the bulleted brief or a simple headline—per-
haps 15 words underlined and in blue, click on it, and watch a video of the man being taken away by the
police, perhaps following a car chase resulting in a reality-TV-ready arrest. The bitten dog's owners would be
interviewed on a separate audio podcast, with links to information about the breed, how to report pet abuse,
plus a Flash-enhanced timeline of man-bites-dog incidents in history, as well as a photo slideshow with audio
of comments from neighbors and coworkers on the “canine-ivorous” man's recent behavior. A link would be
.
UNT Visual Journalism Overview[1]
The document discusses media convergence and the changing landscape of journalism. It describes how print, broadcast and online media are converging, with journalists now expected to work across multiple platforms. Examples are given of media companies that have successfully integrated their print, broadcast and online operations. The challenges and opportunities of convergence for both media companies and journalists are also examined.
COM 101 Chapter 5: Newspapers
This document provides a summary of the history and evolution of newspapers. It discusses the development of early colonial newspapers in the 17th-18th centuries, the rise of mass newspapers in the 1830s with the steam printing press, and the penny press of the 1830s which made newspapers more affordable and accessible. It then covers the growth of newspapers as big businesses in the late 19th century, the major influences of Pulitzer, Scripps, and Hearst, and the defining features of modern newspapers including their local focus and watchdog role. The challenges newspapers now face in the digital age are also summarized.
Digital Journalism in Nigeria
While the journalists of today operate in an ever faster-paced industry, and netiizens have access to a cornucopia of sources of news and information, the journalist of the future now need a new media skillset and a new media mindset to become digitally savvy with the ability to THINK digitally in order to be relevant
Online journalism
Online journalism, strengths and weaknesses, citizen journalism, history of online journalism (including comprehensive history of online journalism in Nepal)
Journalism + technology + the future =
The document discusses the impact of technology and the internet on journalism. It contrasts the traditional print media model of the past with the current digital media landscape ("new media"). The traditional print media had fixed deadlines and large hierarchical teams, while new media allows anyone to publish online in real-time using various formats like blogs, videos and podcasts. It also notes that new media has blurred lines around who is reporting the truth. The document aims to help students understand these changes and develop skills in online writing and multimedia reporting for the evolving journalism industry.
Wolf.com - LINK777.pdf
If you go to the official Wolf.com website, you can see webtoons, comic books, phototoons, jellies, bookmarks, menus, and things listed by genre/day of the week/latest.
Online News Presentation
The document discusses the history and evolution of journalism from print to online media. It describes how the internet has led to an explosion in the number of news sources by enabling more connective and open networks powered by technologies like HTML, personal computers, and open source software. This digital transition has made journalism more participatory but also less predictable in terms of jobs and revenue streams. The document raises questions about what defines journalism in this new landscape and how credibility will be determined as the number of news channels continues to grow exponentially online.
The Editor in the digital era
The document discusses the key changes required for newspapers to survive in the digital era. It outlines 5 fundamental changes to journalism: 1) incorporating multimedia, 2) providing real-time coverage, 3) interacting with readers, 4) making decisions based on data, and 5) packaging journalism for digital platforms. The role of the editor is evolving to value multimedia, have a heightened sense of urgency for real-time coverage, engage readers as contributors, draw insight from data, and focus on digital platforms in addition to print. Newspapers must adapt to these changes in order to survive.
Evolution of Newspapers EDUC 515
This document provides a brief history and overview of newspapers from their origins in Europe and Rome hundreds of years ago to their modern online forms. It traces the development of early newspapers in colonial America in the late 1600s and 1700s, including the challenges of obtaining paper and low literacy rates. The document also highlights the invention of the printing press, which helped make printing newspapers easier. In recent decades, many get their news from websites, apps, or podcasts rather than traditional printed papers.
INTERNET THE DEATH OF NEWSPAPERS
The document discusses the history and evolution of newspapers and the internet, and how the rise of internet news is contributing to the decline of newspapers. It notes that newspapers first emerged thousands of years ago and the printing press helped facilitate printed newsletters. The internet was developed in the 1960s and now provides a global network for information. While newspapers still have some advantages like in-depth reporting, free internet news sources are challenging newspapers' business models and contributing to declines in circulation and revenue.
Polyfoil History
This document discusses the evolution of writing formats from oral traditions through scrolls, codices, printed books, and digital documents. It argues that linear, sequential presentation of information in printed books emerged due to the constraints of printing technology but is not a natural or limiting format. The document proposes a new document structure called "Polyfoils" that allows for cyclical, branching, and complex nonlinear presentations of information to better fit electronic media and knowledge work. Polyfoils aim to advance full, non-linear thinking over "skinny, child-length" texts while avoiding monopolization through concrete definition.
Research
The document discusses research conducted on local and national newspapers in the UK. It provides tables showing newspaper names, owners, costs and online availability. It then discusses factors that have contributed to declining newspaper circulations in recent years, such as the rise of online news and 24-hour news channels. It also notes that local newspapers are highly dependent on advertising revenue.
Research
The document discusses various local and national newspapers in London and Enfield, including their names, owners, costs, online availability, and circulation figures from 2007-2010. It also discusses factors that influence what makes a story newsworthy and how newspapers are struggling with declining circulation numbers due to increased online news and competition from other media.
Transformation of the Newspaper Business, by Chris Cowan
The document discusses the transformation of the newspaper industry due to the rise of digital media and the Internet. It notes that print newspapers are struggling in developed nations but still thriving in some developing areas for now. However, the entire industry is having to adapt to declining print advertising revenues by shifting business models to focus more on digital content and exploring new revenue streams like paywalls and combined print/online subscriptions.
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21st Century Communication A Reference Handbook The Cha.docx
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Transformation of the Newspaper Business, by Chris Cowan
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Mm ch 03books
This chapter discusses the history and current state of the book publishing industry. It covers the origins of books from papyrus to the printing press revolution. The modern industry is dominated by a handful of large conglomerates and faces challenges from new technologies like e-books and audiobooks. Key questions include who will produce content, how it will be distributed, and the overall business models for publishers. The chapter also examines controversies in book publishing like censorship and a focus on blockbuster titles.
Mm ch 02
This chapter discusses the history of media research, current theories and research, and controversies in understanding media effects. It outlines the evolution of media research from early fears and propaganda studies to modern analyses of television effects and new media usage. Current theories examine powerful and minimal effects models as well as flow theories. Research perspectives include diffusion of innovations and cultural studies approaches. Understanding media impact is challenging due to limitations of research and distinguishing correlation from causation.
Mm ch 01
This document provides an overview of key concepts in media literacy. It discusses what media literacy is, different types of media like print, broadcast and digital, and models of communication including traditional mass communication models and converged media models. It also outlines several career paths related to media like journalism. Finally, it covers the media industries, how they have changed over time due technological innovations, and current issues around media ownership, government regulation, and legal/ethical controversies.
Mm ch 13 advertising
This document provides an overview of the history, industry, and controversies of advertising. It discusses how advertising evolved from early printed handbills to target marketing across diverse media like newspapers, radio, television and the internet. It describes how the advertising industry developed advertising agencies and specialized in audience research and positioning. The document also examines controversies around truth in advertising, advertising to children, and advertiser influence on media content.
Meeting story
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Chapter 7
Journalism has a long history dating back to ancient times when news was spread via clay tablets, newsletters, and wandering minstrels. Over the centuries, journalism has evolved through technological advances such as printing presses, radio, television, and the internet. Journalism has also played an important role in society by informing the public and defending free speech, though the profession has at times included unsavory characters.
Chapter 5
This document provides an overview of the history of journalism from ancient times to the present. It discusses how journalism has evolved from clay tablets and handwritten newsletters to modern newspapers, radio, television and digital media. The document also touches on some of the challenges journalists have faced, such as attempts to control the spread of information, and how journalism has strived to be an advocate for free speech and help the public learn the truth.
Chapter 3
This document provides an overview of the history and evolution of journalism. It discusses how journalism has developed from ancient times using clay tablets and handwritten newsletters to modern technologies like the internet and 24-hour cable news. The document also examines different perspectives on journalism, such as viewing it through the lens of technological progress or as a form of literary expression that reflects culture. It provides tips for writing news stories, including leading with the most essential facts in an inverted pyramid structure and emphasizing the five W's - who, what, when, where, why.
Writing for broadcast
The document provides tips for writing scripts for broadcast media. It recommends writing as you would speak to make the writing sound natural and like a real person. Some key tips include using simple sentences with one idea each, putting attributions before quotes, avoiding passive voice and hypothetical questions, and spelling out foreign words to avoid stumbling during reading. The overall goal is to communicate with listeners in a conversational style.
10 things about_audio
This document outlines 10 rules of audio production according to Regina McCombs of the Poynter Institute for Media Studies. The rules include: using audio to tell powerful stories; asking open-ended questions in interviews; gathering environmental sounds; planning interviews thoroughly; understanding audio equipment; knowing that audio cannot be edited after recording; listening skills; monitoring audio quality; crafting compelling stories from audio clips; and keeping productions concise. The document provides brief explanations and tips for each rule.
Fairness balance
This document discusses principles of fair and balanced journalism. It advocates presenting all important views on a subject without personal bias and ensuring factual accuracy. Reporters should get perspectives from both sides and give sources a chance to respond, while avoiding loaded or misleading language. When verifying assertions, journalists shouldn't create a false balance between legitimate experts and fringe positions. They should also question statistically implausible claims and select wording carefully to avoid bias.
Fair use
The document provides a summary of fair use guidelines for student journalists. It explains that fair use allows for limited use of copyrighted work without permission to encourage creativity. It outlines that fair use considers the purpose of the use, nature of the work, amount used, and commercial effect. The document advises that small portions (less than 29 seconds of music) are generally allowed for commentary or news coverage, especially if the copyright holder is the subject. Attribution alone does not constitute fair use; permission is required for most uses.
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Chapter 8
- 1. lcome to the world of urnalism, where porters have been gging dirt, raking muck, king headlines and adlines for centuries w. It’s a history full of bloid trash, of slimy nsationalists, of runkards, deadbeats and mmers” (as a Harvard iversity president once scribed reporters). But it’s a history full of roes, too: men and men risking their lives tell stories of war and agedy, risking prisonment to defend ee speech. And as you n see here, reports have come beloved characters p culture, too, turning up movies, comics and TV ows as if guided by an cult hand. Every culture seeks effective ways to spread new information and gossip. In ancient times, news was written on clay tablets. In Caesar’s age, Romans read newsletters compiled by correspondents and handwritten by slaves. Wandering minstrels spread news (and the plague) in the Middle Ages. Them came ink on paper. Voices on airwaves. Newsreels, Web sites, And 24-hour cable news networks. Thus when scholars analyze the rich history of journalism, some view it in terms of technological progress—for example, the dramatic impact of bigger, faster printing presses. Others see journalism as a specialized form literary expression, one that’s constantly evolving, reflecting and shaping its culture. Others see it as an inspiring quest for free speech, an endless power struggle between Authority (trying to control information) and the People (trying to learn the truth). Which brings to mind the words of A.J. Liefling: “Freedom of the press is guaranteed only to htose who own one.” In the pages ahead, we’ll take a quick tour of 600 years of journalism history, from hieroglyphics to hypertext: the media, the message and the politics. Technical advances and brilliant ideas forged a new style of journalism. It was a century of change, and newspapers changed dramatically. The typi newspaper of 1800 wa undisciplined mishma legislative proceeding long-winded essays a secondhand gossip. B 1900, a new breed of tor had emerged. Jour had become big busin Reporting was becom disciplined craft. And newspapers were bec more entertaining and essential than ever, w most of the features w expect today: Snappy headlines, Ads, Comic Sports pages. And an “inverted pyramid” sty writing that made stori tighter and newsier. Radio and television brought an end to newspapers’ media monopoly. Why? Well yourself: Which did yo Online repor*ng Inside Reporting Tim Harrower 8
- 2. 2 From print to the Web Media convergence Online storytelling op9ons Wri9ng for online media
- 3. 3 — Online media offers readers more variety and control — Naviga9on crucial factor Electronic newspapers may replace dead- tree newspapers!
- 4. 4 — Tradi9onal papers • Online news sites Arranging stories!
- 5. 5 — Need to develop new ways to tell stories. — Tomorrow’s journalists will plan and produce news stories in different ways. To fulfill the potential of new media!
- 6. 6 — Timeliness — Print uses large photo to catch eye; Web uses smaller image — Print uses smaller text; Web uses larger text Navigating online news sites!
- 7. 7 — Home page is gateway to online news — Must be comprehensive — Must be easy to navigate — Compelling headlines for links Navigating online news sites!
- 8. 8 — Gatekeeper (past) — Journalist shares with readers informa9on to which only she has access. The role of the journalist is changing along with the media ! Navigator (present) Journalist helps to guide readers through an ever-increasing body of information on a specific topic.
- 9. 9 — Time/date — Index — Lead story — Page design for single-‐ screen display — Naviga9on buXons Key home page elements! • Search engine • Ads/promotions • Interactive extras • Links • Footer
- 10. 10 — Newsroom convergence — Journalists from different media share same workspace. Technological innovations transforming 21st-century journalism! Newsgathering convergence Reporters, editors and photographers collaborate on reports.
- 11. 11 — Content convergence — Final story combines — Text. — Images. — Blogs. — Podcasts. — Slideshows. Technological innovations…!
- 12. 12 — Use print to explain. — Use mul9media to show. — Use interac9ves to demonstrate and engage. New forms of news deliveries!
- 13. 13 — Video — Audio — Webcams and Webcasts — Podcasts — Animated graphics • Archives • Other Web sites • Organiza9ons • Editorials and columns • Addi9onal story elements Multimedia Interactive Links • Live chats • Reader feedback and comments • Online polls and quizzes • Downloads
- 14. 14 — Who creates blogs? — Journalists — Par9cipants in breaking news — Bloggers who monitor what’s new and newsworthy — Are blogs important? — Everyone has a voice BLOGS: a way to add viewpoints!
- 15. 15 — “Chunk” your informa9on. — Tweak your type to make it easier to scan. — Rethink what a “story” is. Tips for creating readable, user-friendly news stories for Web sites 5 • Enhance your story with extra elements. • Collaborate.
- 16. 16 — Photocopy page 161. — Ask the team what’s this story really about. — Summarize in 25 words or less. Online package planning guide! • Think like a reader. • Organize. • Distribute copies.