10. PROTOCTIST KINGDOM
Protoctist Kingdom is formed by unicellular and multicellular
living things. They are all eukaryotes but they have no tissues.
Groups:
PROTOZOA
ALGAE
11. PROTOZOA
Main characteristics:
- They are unicellular and
heterotrophs organism.
- They live in both salt and
fresh water. Some of them
float on water, zooplankton,
and are food for aquatic
animals.
- Some of them are parasites,
and cause illnesses but
another ones are symbionts.
16. ALGAE
Main characteristics:
- Algae are unicellular and
multicellular. Unicellular algae
sometimes form colonies but
each cell can carry out the vital
functions.
- They are autotrophs so they
contain chlorophylls and other
pigments which capture
sunlight for photosyntesis.
- Some live in salt water and
fresh water, but others live on
tree trunks or rocks. Some
unicellular algae float on water
forming phytoplankton, and are
food for aquatic animals.
21. VIRUS
• Why are they not really living things?
- They cannot carry out any vital functions by themselves.
• They are always obligate parasites because they need infect living cells
to reproduce, so they cannot live independently of their host.
22. VIRUS
What is a virus like?
- Extremely small. They can only
be seen through an electron
microscope.
- Unable to move.
- Extensive habitat. They are
found on the ground, in the air
and in water.
23.
24.
25. VIRUS
Virus infection process
1. The virus enters the
cell.
2. Reproduction: make
the virus components.
3. The viral components
assemble.
4. New viruses leave the
cell.
https://www.youtube.co
m/watch?v=Rpj0emEG
ShQ
26. WHAT ARE INFECTIOUS DISEASES
It’s occurs when a pathogenic microorganism invades a
living things, and causes an illness.
27. • The effects of an infection are not immediate because at
first there is an incubation period.
• Then, various symptoms of the illness are observed, for
example, a high temperature.
28. • When microorganisms are transmitted from a sick
person to a healthy one, contagion occurs. Transmission
can take place in many ways.
29. • Symptoms are the effects that a disease has on the
body, and can be observed.
• Vectors are insects that carry a disease from one person
to another.
For example, Mosquitos (Anopheles) can carry
Plasmodium which causes malaria.
30. HOW CAN YOU FIGHT INFECTIOUS
DISEASES?
• You can protect yourself from infection in several ways:
- Personal hygiene: wash your hands before eating.
- Eat and drink only fresh food and drinks.
31. VACCINES
A vaccine contains dead or weakened microorganisms
from a specific illness. These microorganisms cannot
produce the illness, but they can protect against it.
32. Vaccines teach the body how to fight an illness. Therefore
vaccination is a preventive measure. Your body can fight against
microorganisms if it is exposed to them. Most vaccines protect
the body indefinitely. Others require a booster dose, another
dose, later on.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysTkggYgNqk
33. ANTIBIOTICS
Antibiotics are produced by certain bacteria and fungi.
They prevent the microorganisms that cause illnesses
from growing. Antibiotics are curative measures and must
always be prescribed by a doctor. They cannot fight
illnesses caused by viruses.
https://www.yout
ube.com/watch?
v=znnp-Ivj2ek
34. ARE ALL MICROORGANISMS HARMFUL?
• All viruses are pathogenic. They are parasites that cause
illnesses. A few bacteria, protozoa or microscopic fungi
are pathogenic.
• Many microorganisms are beneficial:
- Intestinal flora are bacteria that live in human and animal
digestive systems. They are useful because they
produce vitamins.
- Other bacteria are used to obtain antibiotics.
