it talks about fungi virus and protozoa

1. THE FUNGI
VERNALINE F. BISMONTE
Reporter

2. FUNGI
They are eukaryote that digests food externally
and absorbs nutrients directly through its cell
walls.
Heterotrophs and, like animals, obtain their
carbon and energy from other organisms.
Fungi can be single celled or very complex
multicellular organisms.
They are found in just about any habitat but
most live on the land, mainly in soil or on plant
material rather than in sea or fresh water

3. CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI
Eukaryotes
Have cell walls
Heterotrophs that feed by absorbing their food
Use spores to reproduce

4. CELL STRUCTURE OF FUNGUS
Fungi range in size from tiny yeast to large in multicellular
Cell of all fungi are surrounded by cell walls
Fungi produce a wide range of different types of hyphae, yeast cells, and
spores.

5. CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI
CLUB FUNGI SAC FUNGI
ZYGOTE FUNGI
IMPERFECT FUNGI

6. CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI

7. CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI

8. Parts of
the Fungi

9. REPRODUCTION
Most fungi reproduce asexually
and sexually by spores.
Asexual reproduction is most
common method and produces
genetically identical organisms.
Fungi reproduce sexually when
conditions are poor and
nutrients scarce.

10. VIRUSES

12. VIRUS
• A virus is a small collection of genetic code, either DNA or RNA, surrounded by
a protein coat.
• A virus cannot replicate alone.
• Viruses must infect cells and use components of the host cell to make copies
of themselves.
• Viruses don’t have the same components as bacteria, they cannot be killed by
antibiotics; only antiviral medications or vaccines can eliminate or reduce the
severity of viral diseases, including AIDS, COVID-19, measles and smallpox.
• The word is from the Latin neuter vīrus referring to poison and other noxious liquids,

14. EXAMPLES OF VIRAL INFECTIONS
Rhinovirus
Seasonal Influenza
SARS-Cov 2

16. PROTOZOA
• Protozoa are one-celled animals
found worldwide in most habitats.
• Most species are free living, but all
higher animals are infected with one
or more species of protozoa.
Infections range from asymptomatic
to life threatening, depending on the
species and strain of the parasite and
the resistance of the host.

17. PROTOZOA
• Protozoa are considered
sub-kingdom of the
Kingdom Protista.
• Very small and often live
in the water or as a
parasite.

18. Structure
Protozoa are microscopic unicellular eukaryotes that have a relatively
complex internal structure and carry out complex metabolic activities.
Some protozoa have structures for propulsion or other types of
movement.
Reproduction
Binary fission, the most common form of reproduction, is asexual;
multiple asexual division occurs in some forms. Both sexual and
asexual reproduction occur in the Apicomplexa.

21. Some protozoa are parasitic, which means they live in other plants and
animals including humans, where they cause disease. Plasmodium, for
example, causes malaria. They are motile and can move by:
•Cilia - tiny hair like structures that cover the outside of the microbe. They
beat in a regular continuous pattern like flexible oars.
•Flagella - long thread-like structures that extend from the cell surface. The
flagella move in a whip-like motion that produces waves that propel the
microbe around.
•Amoeboid movement - the organism moves by sending out pseudopodia,
temporary protrusions that fill with cytoplasm that flows from the body of the
cell.

22. 1. Flagellates
Flagellates are a unicellular type of protozoans and are
about 2,000 species. Some flagellates are free-living, such as
Chlamydomonas. Some are parasitic, such as Trichomonas.
Some live singly such as Euglena. Some live in colonies, such
as Synura. Euglena belongs to a group of protists that move
about with the help of one or more thread-like flagella,
commonly referred to as flagellates
FOUR MAJOR GROUPS OF PROTOZOA

23. 2. Ciliates
Ciliates are all unicellular, but they exhibit a
great deal of variation in shape and the arrangement
of cilia.
FOUR MAJOR GROUPS OF PROTOZOA
Balantidium coli Paramecium

24. 3. Sarcodina
Sarcodina, a type of protozoa, is a unicellular organism without
definite shape. Its cell membrane is so flexible that it changes its shape
constantly. It moves about by extending fingerlike projections called
pseudopodia, at the side of the cell towards the direction where it is
going.
ENTAMOEBA GINGIVALIS

25. • 3. Sporozoans
Parasites of an animals.
Although the sporozoans are
among the most widely
distributed parasites, only a few
of them are very harmful to their
hosts. Plasmodium vivax