Materi kuliah ini mendeskripsikan konsep gangguan bipolar, salah satu jenis gangguan non psikotik yang sering dijumpai.

1. Non Psychotic Disorders
Bipolar disorder
Sabar

2. • Bipolar disorder
There are episode of
- both mania & depression (bipolar I disorder) or
- both hypomania & depression (bipolar II disorder)
There is no simple manic disorder because depressive
symptoms eventually occur. Therefore, one episode of
symptoms of mania or hypomania defines bipolar disorder
In some patients, (e.g., poor patients with low access to health
care) a mood disorder with psychotic symptoms can become
severe enough to be misdiagnosed as schizophrenia
a. Delusions can occur in depression as well as in mania
b. In contrast to psychotic disorder in which patients are
chronically impaired, in mood disorders the patient’s
mood & functioning usuall return to normal between
episode

3. Symptoms of Depression Mania
- Depressed mood
- Reduced interest or pleasure
- Reduced energy & motivation
- Anxiety
- Sleep problems
- Cognitive problems
- Psychomotor retardation or
agitation
- Decreased appetite
- Diurnal variation in symptoms
- Suicidal ideation
- Suicide
- Psychotic symptoms
- Elevated mood
- Grandiosity & expansiveness
- Irritability & impulsivity
- Disinhibition
- Assaultiveness
- Distractibility
- Flight of ideas
- Pressured speech
- Impaired judgment
- Delusions

5. The Genetics of Bipolar Disorder
Group Approximate Occurrence(%)
The general population 1%
Child who has one bipolar parent or 20%
sibling (or dizygoitc twin)
Child who has two bipolar parents 60%
Monozygotic twin of a person with 75%
bipolar disorder

6. Mood Stabilizers
Agents used to treat Mania
Include
• Lithium (carbonate & citrate)
• Anticonvulsants:
Carbamazepine & Valproic Acid