2. INTRODUCTION
• Bipolar disorder or bipolar affective
disorder ,historically known as manic-
depressive disorder , there are swings
in mood.
• During manic phase of this disorder,
the patient may show excessive
excitement or silliness, carrying jokes.
3. DEFINITION
• Bipolar disorder, also known
as manic depression, is a mental
illness that brings severe high and
low moods and changes in sleep,
energy, thinking, and behavior.
4. RISK FACTORS
• Having a family member with
bipolar disorder
• Going through a time of high
stress or trauma
• Drug or alcohol abuse
• Certain health
conditions(migraine, and anxiety
disorders)
5. TYPES OF BPAD
There Are Of Four Types Of Bpad
:-
• Bipolar I disorder
• Bipolar II disorder
• Cyclothymic disorder
• bipolar disorder not otherwise
specified
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Bipolar I disorder : With this type,
you have extreme erratic behavior,
with manic “up” periods that last at
least a week or are so severe that
you need medical care. There are
also usually extreme “down”
periods that last at least 2 weeks.
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• Cyclothymic disorder : This type
involves periods of manic and
depressive behavior that last at
least 2 years in adults or 1 year in
children and teens. The symptoms
aren’t as intense as bipolar
disorder I or bipolar disorder II.
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• "Unspecified" or "other specified"
bipolar disorder (formerly called
"bipolar disorder not otherwise
specified") is now used to describe
conditions in which a person has only
a few of the mood and energy
symptoms that define a manic or
hypomanic episode, or the symptoms
may not last long enough to be
considered as clear-cut "episodes."
10. SYMPTOMS
Symptoms of mania ("the highs") : -
• Excessive happiness, hopefulness, and
excitement
• Sudden changes from being joyful to
being irritable, angry, and hostile
• Restlessness
• Rapid speech and poor concentration
• Increased energy and less need
for sleep
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• Making grand and unrealistic plans
• Showing poor judgment
• Drug and alcohol abuse
• Less need for sleep
• Less of an appetite
• Larger sense of self-confidence and well-
being
• Being easily distracted
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DURING DEPRESSIVE PERIODS ("THE LOWS") :-
• Sadness
• Loss of energy
• Feelings of hopelessness or worthlessness
• Not enjoying things they once liked
• Trouble concentrating
• Forgetfulness
• Talking slowly
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• Inability to feel pleasure
• Uncontrollable crying
• Trouble making decisions
• Irritability
• Needing more sleep
• Insomnia
• Appetite changes that make you lose or
gain weight
• Thoughts of death and suicide.
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• Diagnosing bipolar disorder is all
about the person's symptoms and
determining whether they may be
the result of another cause (such
as low thyroid or mood symptoms
caused by drug or alcohol abuse).
How severe are they? How long
have they lasted? How often do
they happen?
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• Talking to close friends and
family of the person can often
help the doctor distinguish bipolar
disorder from major
depressive disorder or other
psychiatric disorders that can
involve changes in mood,
thinking, and behavior.
17. TREATMENT
MEDICATION
• Medication is the main treatment,
usually involving the following:
• Mood stabilizers, such
as carbamazepine (Tegretol), lamot
rigine (Lamictal), lithium,
or valproate (Depakote)
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• Antipsychotic drugs, such
as olanzapine (Zyprexa),and quetiapine .
• Antidepressants
• Antidepressant-antipsychotic drugs, a
combination of an antidepressant and a
mood stabilizer
• Anti-anxiety medications or sleep medicines,
such as sedatives like benzodiazepines
19. PSYCHOTHERAPY
Psychotherapy, or "talk therapy," is often
recommended, too. There are several
different types. Options can include:
• Cognitive behavioral therapy
(CBT). This helps you replace bad
habits and actions with more positive
alternatives. It also can help you learn
to manage stress and other negative
triggers.
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• Psychoeducation. Learning more
and teaching family members about
bipolar disorder can help give you
support when episodes happen.
• Family-focused therapy. This sets
up a support system to help with
treatment and helps your loved ones
recognize the beginning of an
episode.
22. LIFESTYLE CHANGES
MAY ALSO HELP
• Get regular exercise.
• Stay on a schedule for eating and sleeping.
• Learn to recognize your mood swings.
• Get support from friends or groups.
• Keep a symptom journal or chart.
• Learn to manage stress.
• Find healthy hobbies or sports.
• Don’t drink alcohol.
