Bipolar & related disorders HY
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The document discusses different types of bipolar and related disorders. Bipolar I involves manic episodes with common depressive episodes. Bipolar II involves hypomanic episodes and at least one major depressive episode. Cyclothymic disorder involves fluctuating mild hypomanic and depressive symptoms for at least two years that do not meet criteria for full hypomanic or depressive episodes.
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Bipolar disorder causes extreme shifts in mood from mania to depression. It is a chronic illness often diagnosed in adolescence that has high rates of suicide. While the causes are unknown, genetic and environmental factors likely contribute. Diagnosis involves meeting DSM-5 criteria for manic or hypomanic episodes. Treatment includes medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes. Lithium and anticonvulsants are commonly used to stabilize moods, while antidepressants may be used for depression but carry risk for inducing mania. Long-term management focuses on preventing recurrences through medication adherence and monitoring for risky behaviors.
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Major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder are mood disorders characterized by disturbances in mood and behavior ranging from depression to mania. Major depressive disorder involves at least two weeks of depressed mood or lack of interest in activities along with other symptoms. Bipolar disorder involves extreme mood swings between episodes of mania and depression. Both have genetic and biological factors and are treated with medication and psychotherapy. Accurate assessment and monitoring of symptoms is important for nursing care.
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Mood disorders involve disturbances of mood accompanied by related cognitive, psychomotor, physiological and interpersonal difficulties. They are characterized by episodes of mania, hypomania or depression that are not due to other medical conditions. The main types of mood disorders are bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder and cyclothymic disorder. The disorders involve abnormalities in neurotransmitters like serotonin and catecholamines as well as genetic and environmental/psychosocial factors. Symptoms vary between disorders but can include changes in mood, thought patterns, speech, activity levels, appetite and sleep alongside possible psychotic features. Careful diagnosis involves evaluating the severity and duration of symptom episodes.
Bipolar disorders
Bipolar disorders involve extreme shifts in mood between mania and depression. During manic episodes, people may feel euphoric or irritable and display symptoms like inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts, and involvement in risky behaviors. Bipolar disorders are thought to have biological and genetic causes, and episodes can be triggered by psychosocial stressors. They are diagnosed based on the duration and severity of mood episodes as outlined in the DSM-IV criteria. Bipolar disorder can emerge at any age and often involves comorbid conditions that complicate diagnosis and treatment.
Affective disorders
Depression is an under-recognized condition. Approximately one-third of people with depression do not seek treatment. Reasons include not recognizing symptoms as a illness, believing the symptoms will improve on their own, and embarrassment. General practitioners manage most cases of mental illness but often miss diagnoses of depression. It may take multiple consultations to correctly identify depression in patients. Both doctors and patients are reluctant to discuss psychological issues, and appointments often do not allow enough time.
Depression is more common in females than males by a ratio of 2:1, and most often affects people ages 20-50, averaging 40 years old. In addition to major depressive disorder, other mood disorders include dysthymic disorder, bipolar disorders I
Bipolar disorders
Bipolar disorders involve episodes of depression and elevated mood, ranging from normal mood to mania. Diagnosis involves rating scales and ruling out medical causes. Treatment depends on severity and may involve inpatient or outpatient care, with pharmacotherapy including lithium, anticonvulsants, and antipsychotics. Patients on lithium require blood monitoring due to toxicity risks and must maintain hydration and sodium levels. Untreated bipolar disorder can lead to exhaustion, financial issues, substance abuse, and worsening of medical conditions.
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Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) is recommended for patients with severe COPD exacerbation, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, acute respiratory failure, postoperative hypoxemic respiratory failure, and immunosuppressed patients to facilitate early extubation. Contraindications for NPPV include medical instability such as cardiac or respiratory arrest, severe acidosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, nonrespiratory organ failure, unstable cardiac arrhythmias or hemodynamic instability, encephalopathy, or gastrointestinal bleeding. Inability to protect the airway due to being uncooperative, agitated, or unable to clear secretions with a high aspiration risk are also contraindications. Mechanical issues like a recent esophageal anastomosis or
Management of endometriosis HY
This document provides guidance on managing endometriosis. It lists symptoms that could indicate suspected endometriosis such as chronic pelvic pain, painful periods, painful sex, and painful bowel movements. For patients with suspected endometriosis, the document recommends considering over-the-counter pain relievers and birth control pills initially, and performing a laparoscopy if symptoms do not improve or if there are concerns about infertility, medical contraindications, need for diagnosis, or potential malignancy.
Lung cancer HY
This document discusses the four main types of lung cancer: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. It provides information on the incidence, typical location in the lungs, and common clinical associations for each type of lung cancer. Adenocarcinoma makes up 40-50% of lung cancers and is usually located in the periphery of the lungs. Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for 20-25% of cases and is typically central. Small cell carcinoma comprises 10-15% of lung cancers and is also usually central. Large cell carcinoma represents 5-10% of lung cancers and tends to be peripheral.
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency HY
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency is caused by a defect in CD18-containing integrins, which impairs leukocyte adhesion and endothelial transmigration. This results in recurrent skin and mucosal infections without pus formation, impaired wound healing, and delayed umbilical cord separation beyond 3 weeks of age. Laboratory findings include leukocytosis and neutrophilia.
Intrauterine fetal demise HY
Intrauterine fetal demise is defined as fetal death at 20 weeks or later. It is diagnosed by the absence of fetal cardiac activity on ultrasound. Management depends on gestational age - between 20-23 weeks dilation and evacuation or vaginal delivery is recommended, while at 24 weeks or later vaginal delivery is recommended, though cesarean delivery is an option based on maternal history. A complication can be coagulopathy if the fetus is retained for several weeks.
Infectious mononucleosis HY
Infectious mononucleosis is characterized by fever, tonsillitis or pharyngitis that may have exudates, enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, fatigue, and possibly enlargement of the liver and spleen. Complications can include airway obstruction, autoimmune conditions affecting red blood cells or platelets, and rupture of the spleen.
Indications for urgent dialysis (aeiou) HY
Acidosis, electrolyte abnormalities, ingestion of toxic substances, overload states, and uremia are indications for urgent dialysis according to the AEIOU mnemonic. Specifically, metabolic acidosis with a pH below 7.1, hyperkalemia causing ECG changes or arrhythmias, ingestion of toxic alcohols, volume overload refractory to diuretics, and uremia causing encephalopathy, pericarditis or bleeding require immediate dialysis treatment.
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𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
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𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
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Practical manual for National Examination Council, Nigeria.
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This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
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HYPERTENSION - SLIDE SHARE PRESENTATION.
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Event Link:- https://meetups.mulesoft.com/events/details/mulesoft-mysore-presents-mule-event-processing-models/
Agenda
● What is event processing in MuleSoft?
● Types of event processing models in Mule 4
● Distinction between the reactive, parallel, blocking & non-blocking processing
For Upcoming Meetups Join Mysore Meetup Group - https://meetups.mulesoft.com/mysore/YouTube:- youtube.com/@mulesoftmysore
Mysore WhatsApp group:- https://chat.whatsapp.com/EhqtHtCC75vCAX7gaO842N
Speaker:-
Shivani Yasaswi - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shivaniyasaswi/
Organizers:-
Shubham Chaurasia - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shubhamchaurasia1/
Giridhar Meka - https://www.linkedin.com/in/giridharmeka
Priya Shaw - https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-shaw
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Bipolar & related disorders HY
- 1. Bipolar & related disorders Manic episode • Symptoms more severe • 1 week unless hospitalized • Marked impairment in social or occupational functioning or hospitalization necessary • May have psychotic features; makes episode manic by definition Hypomanic episode • Symptoms less severe • ≥4 consecutive days • Unequivocal, observable change in functioning from patient's baseline • Symptoms not severe enough to cause marked impairment or necessitate hospitalization • No psychotic features Bipolar I • Manic episode(s) • Depressive episodes common but not required for diagnosis Bipolar II • Hypomanic episode(s) • ≥1 major depressive episodes Cyclothymic disorder • ≥2 years of fluctuating, mild hypomanic & depressive symptoms that do not meet criteria for hypomanic or major depressive episodes