4. Signs & Symptoms…
• Depression
• A emotional state marked by
great sadness, feelings of
worthlessness and guilt,
withdrawal from others, loss of
sleep, interest & pleasure in
usual activities.
5. Signs & Symptoms…
• Mania
• A emotional state or mood of
intense but unfounded elation
accompanied by irritability,
hyperactivity, talkativeness,
flight of ideas, distractibility &
impractical, grandiose plans.
6. Depression…
• Associated with psychological
problems such as:
• Panic attacks
• Substance abuse
• Personality disorders
7. Symptoms & Signs of
Depression…
• Depression in children often
results in somatic complaints.
• Depression in adults is often
characterized by distractibility &
complaints of memory loss.
• Symptoms of depression exhibit
some cross cultural variation.
8. Symptoms & Signs of Mania…
• Recognized by loud and incessant
stream of remarks.
• Sometimes full of puns.
• Jokes rhyming.
• Interjection about nearby objects &
happenings that have attracted
speakers attention.
9. Formal Diagnostic listings of mood
disorder…
• Two major mood disorders
according to DSM-IV (Diagnostic
and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders, 4th Edition):
• Major Depression (Unipolar
Depression).
• Bipolar Depression.
10. Major Depression (Unipolar
depression)…
• it is a mental disorder
characterized by a pervasive low
mood, and loss of interest or
pleasure in usual activities.
• Major Depressive Disorder
(at least 5 symptoms for 2 weeks
with at least one of the symptoms
being either a depressed mood or
loss of interest or pleasure):
11. Major Depression (Unipolar
depression)…
• Decreased concentration, decision
making
• Depressed mood most of the day
• Fatigue
• Guilt or feelings of worthlessness
• Lack of pleasure in life
12. Major Depression (Unipolar
depression)…
• Psychomotor agitation or
retardation
• Recurrent thoughts of suicide or
death
• Sleep difficulties
• Weight change of more than 5
percent in 1 month, decreased
appetite
13. Bipolar disorders…
• It is involving episodes of mania or
mixed episodes that include
symptoms of both mania &
depression.
• Bipolar disorders
(depressed mood for more days
than not over at least a two year
period with two or more of the
following symptoms):
14. Bipolar disorders…
• Feelings of hopelessness
• Inability to sleep or sleeping too
much
• Low energy or fatigue
• Low self-esteem
• Poor appetite or overeating
• Poor concentration or difficulty
making decisions
15. Suicide…
• Suicide means killing oneself. The
act constitutes a person willingly,
perhaps ambivalently, taking his or
her own life. Several forms of
suicidal behavior fall within the
self-destructive spectrum.
16. Common Signs of Suicide…
• Becoming depressed or withdrawn
• Behaving recklessly
• Getting affairs in order and giving
away valued possessions
• Showing a marked change in
behavior, attitudes or appearance
• Abusing drugs or alcohol
• Suffering a major loss or life
change
17. Situations…
• Family history of suicide or
violence
• Death of a close friend or family
member
• Divorce or separation, ending a
relationship
• Failing academic performance,
impending exams, exam results
• Job loss, problems at work
• Impending legal action
• Recent imprisonment or upcoming
release
18. Behaviors…
• Crying
• Fighting
• Breaking the law
• Impulsiveness
• Self-mutilation
• Writing about death and suicide
• Previous suicidal behavior
• Extremes of behavior
• Changes in behavior
