Schmied The Pacific Salmon life cycle

They are inThey are in
troubletrouble
Art ThompsonArt Thompson
Mark HendersonMark Henderson Haida salmonHaida salmon
jschmied©2014jschmied©2014

The “Tragedy of the
Commons”
Ocean Resources are
available to everyone.
Even though you may know
that what you want to do is
not good for future
generations…
….you are inclined to do so
because it is in your own best
interest in the short term!

2000 data…2000 data…
Area % of Historic
Run Size
Alaska 106.7
British Columbia
(non-Columbia River)
36.2
Puget Sound 8.0
Washington Coast 1.8
Columbia Basin 1.7
Oregon Coast 7.0
California 5.1
California, Oregon,
Washington, Idaho
5.2

A keystone species = A species that has an unusually
large effect on the rest of its environment compared
to its abundance.[1]
The importance of salmon runs to plants & animals in
the entire NW food chain is enormous.
 For food – predators & scavengers (over 40 species)
 For nutrients – adds Nitrogen/Phosphates for growth
of streamside plants, cools H2O, prevent erosion…
 For Income & Jobs - $1.5 B 60K jobs for Fishermen,
Suppliers, truckers, restaurants, etc

Bristol Bay, Alaska
Data:
 Produces nearly 50% of the
world’s wild sockeye salmon,
 Averages 37.5 million fish/year
 Generates hundreds of millions of dollars in economic
activity, employment for over 14,000 workers
EPA Feb. 28, 2014

In the end of lifeIn the end of life
comes a new beginning!comes a new beginning!
http://www.mvihes.bc.ca/images/ERWRP/circle4.jpghttp://www.mvihes.bc.ca/images/ERWRP/circle4.jpg
http://http://www.des.water.ca.gov/images/FRP/Steelhead_Redd1.jpgwww.des.water.ca.gov/images/FRP/Steelhead_Redd1.jpg
Salmon ReddSalmon Redd
Females use their tails to create a
low pressure zone to move
6-7”rocks & make their redds (nest).
Redds are about 18 – 36” deep
& 25-30’ long depending on the
salmon species

http://www.mvihes.bc.ca/images/ERWRP/circle4.jpghttp://www.mvihes.bc.ca/images/ERWRP/circle4.jpg
Eyed eggsEyed eggs
http://http://www.des.water.ca.gov/images/FRP/Steelhead_Redd1.jpgwww.des.water.ca.gov/images/FRP/Steelhead_Redd1.jpg
Salmon mating on Salmon ReddSalmon mating on Salmon Redd
Eggs from each mating are covered
up by the female. A new part
of the redd is dug just downstream
Keeping silt off the older eggs

o Total amount of degrees above freezing (energy)
young salmon accumulate over time.
o Predicts time to hatch, emerge from redd, etc.
ATU = Day’s H2O temp F° – 32F° = ____ ATU
Ex: 39F° - 32F°= 7 ATU
Using 7 ATU/Day:
COHO SALMON Atu’s in F° Number Days to:
To eyed stage 220 31.5
To hatch 400-500 57 - 71
To emergence 700-800 100 - 114

Mud and Sand cover the
salmon eggs.
Toxic run off from streets
& lawn chemicals.
Floods disturb the redd,
leaving eggs exposed to
predators.
In rainstorms, the
streets become
small streams.
Non permeable

www.pwlf.org/ chumsalmon.htmwww.pwlf.org/ chumsalmon.htm
Note: Fish are camouflaged on top & bottom!

http://www.bpa.gov/corporate/BPANews/Library/images/fish/Chinook_Smolts.jpg

Fish Ladder

http://npsrp.weebly.com/salmonid-mortality.html
Northern Pikeminnow Double Crested Cormorant
Sculpin Caspian Terns

http://www.wdfw.wa.gov/gallery2/main.php?g2_itemId=130385http://www.wdfw.wa.gov/gallery2/main.php?g2_itemId=130385

www.seymoursalmon.com/fish%20life%20cycle.htm

http://cybersalmon.fws.gov/coho.gif

http://blog.oregonlive.com/news_impact/2008/11/sealion.jpg

Provides food - Eagles, Crows, mammals & scavengers / insects worms etc.
Provides nutrients – adds Nitrogen/Phosphates etc for growth of streamside plants

Klamath River
Columbia River

This 85-pound Chinook salmon, a true June hog, was caught at Astoria by fisher
Tony Canessa (pictured) in 1925. Photo: Columbia River Maritime Museum

Solutions
But No Easy
Answers!
Richard Shorty

We all want to Save the SalmonWe all want to Save the Salmon
and protect ourand protect our
Environment…!Environment…!
Danny Dennis

Schmied The Pacific Salmon life cycle

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Schmied The Pacific Salmon life cycle