Chapter 8 SS 9 BC Curriculum

1. Arrival in CanadaArrival in Canada
Chapter 8Chapter 8

3. The French ExplorersThe French Explorers
• 1524 – France sent Giovanni Verrazano to find1524 – France sent Giovanni Verrazano to find
the fabled NW Passage to Asia. He sailedthe fabled NW Passage to Asia. He sailed
between NFL and Florida discovering that NAbetween NFL and Florida discovering that NA
was not an archipelago of islands, but awas not an archipelago of islands, but a
continent.continent.
• 1534 – New king sent Jacques Cartier to keep1534 – New king sent Jacques Cartier to keep
looking. Claimed GSL for France. Helooking. Claimed GSL for France. He
kidnapped Donnaconna’s sons and returned tokidnapped Donnaconna’s sons and returned to
France.France.
• Next year, he explored the St. Lawrence RiverNext year, he explored the St. Lawrence River
with the help of his 2 guides. They tell Cartier ofwith the help of his 2 guides. They tell Cartier of
a fabulous land – the kingdom of Saguenay.a fabulous land – the kingdom of Saguenay.

4. Portrait of
Giovanni de
Verrazano

5. Portrait of
Jacques Cartier
by Théophile
Hamel (1817-
1870)
(Nos Racines)

7. First Voyage

8. • The small fleet arrives at the community ofThe small fleet arrives at the community of
Stadacona (near Quebec City), but ignoringStadacona (near Quebec City), but ignoring
Donnaconna’s advice, Cartier sails further upDonnaconna’s advice, Cartier sails further up
the river to a much larger town – Hochelagathe river to a much larger town – Hochelaga
(Montreal today)(Montreal today)
• See C:APH Episode 1 – The Land God Gave CainSee C:APH Episode 1 – The Land God Gave Cain
• French king approved 3French king approved 3rdrd
expedition for Sieur deexpedition for Sieur de
Roberval to establish a French colony in NA.Roberval to establish a French colony in NA.
because it may lead to wealth and territory forbecause it may lead to wealth and territory for
France.France.
• Tough winters – settlers died of scurvy, theirTough winters – settlers died of scurvy, their
effort to colonize failed for the time being.effort to colonize failed for the time being.

9. Second Voyage

10. Beginning of the Fur TradeBeginning of the Fur Trade
• The colony existed to raise money for theThe colony existed to raise money for the
home country, not to open up new areashome country, not to open up new areas
for settlement.for settlement.
• Europeans were making good fishingEuropeans were making good fishing
money, but more profits could be mademoney, but more profits could be made
from – wolf, fisher, marten, lynx, and otherfrom – wolf, fisher, marten, lynx, and other
animals.animals.
• Huge profits from native people whoHuge profits from native people who
desired cheaper items – knives, hatchets,desired cheaper items – knives, hatchets,
pots, and beads.pots, and beads.

11. The English & The DutchThe English & The Dutch
• Both looked to colonize the north.Both looked to colonize the north.
• 1610 – Dutch settled on Hudson River,1610 – Dutch settled on Hudson River,
which Henry Hudson explored for the Eastwhich Henry Hudson explored for the East
India Co. years earlier.India Co. years earlier.
• English explored the Arctic and claimedEnglish explored the Arctic and claimed
territories, including NFL (in 1583) byterritories, including NFL (in 1583) by
Humphrey Gilbert, even though PortugeseHumphrey Gilbert, even though Portugese
and Basque fishers lived there.and Basque fishers lived there.

12. Henry HudsonHenry Hudson
Born around 1575, died around 1611Born around 1575, died around 1611
• credited as the Europeancredited as the European
discoverer ofdiscoverer of Hudson BayHudson Bay..
• He is also remembered forHe is also remembered for
the sad end of his lastthe sad end of his last
voyage.voyage.
• Most of his crewMost of his crew mutiniedmutinied
against him, leavingagainst him, leaving
Hudson, his son and severalHudson, his son and several
other crewmembers to die inother crewmembers to die in
the bay that is now namedthe bay that is now named
after him.after him.

13. The Founding of New FranceThe Founding of New France
• Samuel de ChamplainSamuel de Champlain was given a monopoly onwas given a monopoly on
the fur trade in return for esta a French colony.the fur trade in return for esta a French colony.
• 1605 – esta a small post “Port Royal” (in NS) –1605 – esta a small post “Port Royal” (in NS) –
not a great success.not a great success.
• Few settlers stay on as long as they agreed notFew settlers stay on as long as they agreed not
to work the fur trade. They became skilledto work the fur trade. They became skilled
farmers and formed the colony offarmers and formed the colony of AcadiaAcadia..
• 1608 – esta a post, at what is now, Quebec City1608 – esta a post, at what is now, Quebec City
• Champlain formed an alliance with the HuronChamplain formed an alliance with the Huron
people to use their trading connections andpeople to use their trading connections and
routes. What were other Huron economicroutes. What were other Huron economic

15. Champlain and
the Port Royal
settlement

17. The Wellington 1812
The Paris Beau 1815
The D’orsay 1820
The Regent 1825
A beaver pelt consists of two layers,
an outer layer of coarse guard hair and
an undercoat of soft, velvety fur called
the duvet. When the guard hairs were
removed, the woolly underfur, known
as castor gras, was perfect for making
felt hats.
It was actually a felt hat, manufactured
by removing the fur from its skin and
mashing it together with adhesives
and stiffeners. (One of these additives
was mercury, the fumes from which
affected the brains of hat-makers,
giving rise to the expression "mad as a
hatter".)

18. Settlement & ColonizationSettlement & Colonization
• By 1635 Euro countries were working to extend theirBy 1635 Euro countries were working to extend their
imperial interests around the world.imperial interests around the world.
• Left - What is the Company of a Hundred Associates?Left - What is the Company of a Hundred Associates?
• The Jesuits, an order of Roman Catholic priests, wereThe Jesuits, an order of Roman Catholic priests, were
the partners of the CHA.the partners of the CHA.
• Left - What did Cardinal Richelieu want them to do?Left - What did Cardinal Richelieu want them to do?
• Others had failed, but the Jesuits were prepared to goOthers had failed, but the Jesuits were prepared to go
anywhere and make any sacrifice to spread ‘Theanywhere and make any sacrifice to spread ‘The
Word’.Word’.
• Many joined because Hurons who converted toMany joined because Hurons who converted to
Christianity enjoyed privileges of the fur trade.Christianity enjoyed privileges of the fur trade.
• See C:APH Episode 2 – A Precarious ColonySee C:APH Episode 2 – A Precarious Colony

19. MercantilismMercantilism
• Became popular in Europe in the 1500s and was theBecame popular in Europe in the 1500s and was the
main reason to colonize new lands.main reason to colonize new lands.
• The theory states that there is a certain amount ofThe theory states that there is a certain amount of
wealth in the world and that it is in a nation’s bestwealth in the world and that it is in a nation’s best
interest to accumulate it.interest to accumulate it.
• Through wealth, a nation can achieve power.Through wealth, a nation can achieve power.
• A country achieves wealth by producing and exportingA country achieves wealth by producing and exporting
more goods than it imports – the goods must be soldmore goods than it imports – the goods must be sold
at a profit for wealth to accumulate.at a profit for wealth to accumulate.
• Left - Why would NA be a good colony for France?Left - Why would NA be a good colony for France?
(p.237)(p.237)

20. The First GovernmentThe First Government
• In 1663, the gov’t of France (Louis XIV) madeIn 1663, the gov’t of France (Louis XIV) made
New France a royal colony.New France a royal colony.
• A governor was appointed to represent theA governor was appointed to represent the
king, supervise defense, and esta treaties withking, supervise defense, and esta treaties with
the Native peoples.the Native peoples.
• A chief administrator (intendant) – govern theA chief administrator (intendant) – govern the
local peoplelocal people
• Soldiers – sent for protection.Soldiers – sent for protection.
• Catholic bishop – rel affairsCatholic bishop – rel affairs
• Priests and nuns – convert Native peoples.Priests and nuns – convert Native peoples.

22. • The governor, intendant, and bishop made up the SovereignThe governor, intendant, and bishop made up the Sovereign
Council – gov’t of New France.Council – gov’t of New France.
• Make a 3-column chart and find info from p.238-9.Make a 3-column chart and find info from p.238-9.
Talon Frontenac LavalTalon Frontenac Laval
• Talon knew NF needed settlers, a defense, and industries.Talon knew NF needed settlers, a defense, and industries.
• Frontenac fought with the Church and French gov’t.Frontenac fought with the Church and French gov’t.
• Laval was a moral aristocrat.Laval was a moral aristocrat.

23. Life in New FranceLife in New France
• Jig SawJig Saw