Submit Search
Upload
IRJET- Modelling BOD and COD using Artificial Neural Network with Factor Analysis
•
0 likes
•
21 views
IRJET Journal
Follow
https://www.irjet.net/archives/V6/i4/IRJET-V6I41025.pdf
Read less
Read more
Engineering
Report
Share
Report
Share
1 of 7
Download now
Download to read offline
Recommended
DeanIovenitti_WaterQualityReport
DeanIovenitti_WaterQualityReport
Dean Iovenitti
Estimation of pH and MLSS using Neural Network
Estimation of pH and MLSS using Neural Network
TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Free online access to experimental and predicted chemical properties through ...
Free online access to experimental and predicted chemical properties through ...
Kamel Mansouri
OPERA, AN OPEN SOURCE AND OPEN DATA SUITE OF QSAR MODELS
OPERA, AN OPEN SOURCE AND OPEN DATA SUITE OF QSAR MODELS
Kamel Mansouri
Assessment of salt water intrusion into the coastal aquifers of Kerala
Assessment of salt water intrusion into the coastal aquifers of Kerala
IRJET Journal
Virtual screening of chemicals for endocrine disrupting activity through CER...
Virtual screening of chemicals for endocrine disrupting activity through CER...
Kamel Mansouri
Chlorine Dose Determination in Water Distribution System of Jabalpur City usi...
Chlorine Dose Determination in Water Distribution System of Jabalpur City usi...
IRJET Journal
systems biology- Representation of chemical reaction networks
systems biology- Representation of chemical reaction networks
Shubham Kaushik
Recommended
DeanIovenitti_WaterQualityReport
DeanIovenitti_WaterQualityReport
Dean Iovenitti
Estimation of pH and MLSS using Neural Network
Estimation of pH and MLSS using Neural Network
TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Free online access to experimental and predicted chemical properties through ...
Free online access to experimental and predicted chemical properties through ...
Kamel Mansouri
OPERA, AN OPEN SOURCE AND OPEN DATA SUITE OF QSAR MODELS
OPERA, AN OPEN SOURCE AND OPEN DATA SUITE OF QSAR MODELS
Kamel Mansouri
Assessment of salt water intrusion into the coastal aquifers of Kerala
Assessment of salt water intrusion into the coastal aquifers of Kerala
IRJET Journal
Virtual screening of chemicals for endocrine disrupting activity through CER...
Virtual screening of chemicals for endocrine disrupting activity through CER...
Kamel Mansouri
Chlorine Dose Determination in Water Distribution System of Jabalpur City usi...
Chlorine Dose Determination in Water Distribution System of Jabalpur City usi...
IRJET Journal
systems biology- Representation of chemical reaction networks
systems biology- Representation of chemical reaction networks
Shubham Kaushik
The EPA Online Prediction Physicochemical Prediction Platform to Support Envi...
The EPA Online Prediction Physicochemical Prediction Platform to Support Envi...
US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
Applications of Contemporary Statistical Approaches in Environmental Health M...
Applications of Contemporary Statistical Approaches in Environmental Health M...
REY DECASTRO
The influence of data curation on QSAR Modeling – examining issues of qualit...
The influence of data curation on QSAR Modeling – examining issues of qualit...
US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
Data drivenapproach to medicinalchemistry
Data drivenapproach to medicinalchemistry
Ann-Marie Roche
Application of Factor Analysis in the Assessement of Surface Water Quality in...
Application of Factor Analysis in the Assessement of Surface Water Quality in...
IRJET Journal
Identification of “Known Unknowns” Utilizing Accurate Mass Data and ChemSpider
Identification of “Known Unknowns” Utilizing Accurate Mass Data and ChemSpider
US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
Cohen
Cohen
Alberto Villalobos Silva
Delivering The Benefits of Chemical-Biological Integration in Computational T...
Delivering The Benefits of Chemical-Biological Integration in Computational T...
US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
OPERA: A free and open source QSAR tool for predicting physicochemical proper...
OPERA: A free and open source QSAR tool for predicting physicochemical proper...
Kamel Mansouri
ISDD_SK_Talk.V2
ISDD_SK_Talk.V2
Shahar Keinan
Yuwu chen wastewater treatment
Yuwu chen wastewater treatment
Yuwu Chen
Analysis Of Physic-Chemical Characteristics Of Polluted Water Samples And Eva...
Analysis Of Physic-Chemical Characteristics Of Polluted Water Samples And Eva...
theijes
Delivering The Benefits of Chemical-Biological Integration in Computational T...
Delivering The Benefits of Chemical-Biological Integration in Computational T...
US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
Environmental Chemistry Compound Identification Using High Resolution Mass Sp...
Environmental Chemistry Compound Identification Using High Resolution Mass Sp...
US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
ModellingCommunityResponse_TanCK&OldhamC_Pt I pp85-97
ModellingCommunityResponse_TanCK&OldhamC_Pt I pp85-97
Chew Khun Tan
Item 2. Verification and Validation of Analytical Methods
Item 2. Verification and Validation of Analytical Methods
Soils FAO-GSP
Structure Identification Using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Data and the...
Structure Identification Using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Data and the...
US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
ELECTRO DIALYSIS FOR THE DESALINATION OF BACKWATERS IN KERALA
ELECTRO DIALYSIS FOR THE DESALINATION OF BACKWATERS IN KERALA
civej
IJESD
IJESD
Pramodh Vallam
2016 Poster
2016 Poster
Brittany Piver
IRJET- Indian Water Pollution Monitoring and Forecasting for Anomaly with...
IRJET- Indian Water Pollution Monitoring and Forecasting for Anomaly with...
IRJET Journal
Statistical analysis to identify the main parameters to
Statistical analysis to identify the main parameters to
eSAT Publishing House
More Related Content
What's hot
The EPA Online Prediction Physicochemical Prediction Platform to Support Envi...
The EPA Online Prediction Physicochemical Prediction Platform to Support Envi...
US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
Applications of Contemporary Statistical Approaches in Environmental Health M...
Applications of Contemporary Statistical Approaches in Environmental Health M...
REY DECASTRO
The influence of data curation on QSAR Modeling – examining issues of qualit...
The influence of data curation on QSAR Modeling – examining issues of qualit...
US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
Data drivenapproach to medicinalchemistry
Data drivenapproach to medicinalchemistry
Ann-Marie Roche
Application of Factor Analysis in the Assessement of Surface Water Quality in...
Application of Factor Analysis in the Assessement of Surface Water Quality in...
IRJET Journal
Identification of “Known Unknowns” Utilizing Accurate Mass Data and ChemSpider
Identification of “Known Unknowns” Utilizing Accurate Mass Data and ChemSpider
US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
Cohen
Cohen
Alberto Villalobos Silva
Delivering The Benefits of Chemical-Biological Integration in Computational T...
Delivering The Benefits of Chemical-Biological Integration in Computational T...
US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
OPERA: A free and open source QSAR tool for predicting physicochemical proper...
OPERA: A free and open source QSAR tool for predicting physicochemical proper...
Kamel Mansouri
ISDD_SK_Talk.V2
ISDD_SK_Talk.V2
Shahar Keinan
Yuwu chen wastewater treatment
Yuwu chen wastewater treatment
Yuwu Chen
Analysis Of Physic-Chemical Characteristics Of Polluted Water Samples And Eva...
Analysis Of Physic-Chemical Characteristics Of Polluted Water Samples And Eva...
theijes
Delivering The Benefits of Chemical-Biological Integration in Computational T...
Delivering The Benefits of Chemical-Biological Integration in Computational T...
US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
Environmental Chemistry Compound Identification Using High Resolution Mass Sp...
Environmental Chemistry Compound Identification Using High Resolution Mass Sp...
US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
ModellingCommunityResponse_TanCK&OldhamC_Pt I pp85-97
ModellingCommunityResponse_TanCK&OldhamC_Pt I pp85-97
Chew Khun Tan
Item 2. Verification and Validation of Analytical Methods
Item 2. Verification and Validation of Analytical Methods
Soils FAO-GSP
Structure Identification Using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Data and the...
Structure Identification Using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Data and the...
US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
ELECTRO DIALYSIS FOR THE DESALINATION OF BACKWATERS IN KERALA
ELECTRO DIALYSIS FOR THE DESALINATION OF BACKWATERS IN KERALA
civej
IJESD
IJESD
Pramodh Vallam
2016 Poster
2016 Poster
Brittany Piver
What's hot
(20)
The EPA Online Prediction Physicochemical Prediction Platform to Support Envi...
The EPA Online Prediction Physicochemical Prediction Platform to Support Envi...
Applications of Contemporary Statistical Approaches in Environmental Health M...
Applications of Contemporary Statistical Approaches in Environmental Health M...
The influence of data curation on QSAR Modeling – examining issues of qualit...
The influence of data curation on QSAR Modeling – examining issues of qualit...
Data drivenapproach to medicinalchemistry
Data drivenapproach to medicinalchemistry
Application of Factor Analysis in the Assessement of Surface Water Quality in...
Application of Factor Analysis in the Assessement of Surface Water Quality in...
Identification of “Known Unknowns” Utilizing Accurate Mass Data and ChemSpider
Identification of “Known Unknowns” Utilizing Accurate Mass Data and ChemSpider
Cohen
Cohen
Delivering The Benefits of Chemical-Biological Integration in Computational T...
Delivering The Benefits of Chemical-Biological Integration in Computational T...
OPERA: A free and open source QSAR tool for predicting physicochemical proper...
OPERA: A free and open source QSAR tool for predicting physicochemical proper...
ISDD_SK_Talk.V2
ISDD_SK_Talk.V2
Yuwu chen wastewater treatment
Yuwu chen wastewater treatment
Analysis Of Physic-Chemical Characteristics Of Polluted Water Samples And Eva...
Analysis Of Physic-Chemical Characteristics Of Polluted Water Samples And Eva...
Delivering The Benefits of Chemical-Biological Integration in Computational T...
Delivering The Benefits of Chemical-Biological Integration in Computational T...
Environmental Chemistry Compound Identification Using High Resolution Mass Sp...
Environmental Chemistry Compound Identification Using High Resolution Mass Sp...
ModellingCommunityResponse_TanCK&OldhamC_Pt I pp85-97
ModellingCommunityResponse_TanCK&OldhamC_Pt I pp85-97
Item 2. Verification and Validation of Analytical Methods
Item 2. Verification and Validation of Analytical Methods
Structure Identification Using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Data and the...
Structure Identification Using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Data and the...
ELECTRO DIALYSIS FOR THE DESALINATION OF BACKWATERS IN KERALA
ELECTRO DIALYSIS FOR THE DESALINATION OF BACKWATERS IN KERALA
IJESD
IJESD
2016 Poster
2016 Poster
Similar to IRJET- Modelling BOD and COD using Artificial Neural Network with Factor Analysis
IRJET- Indian Water Pollution Monitoring and Forecasting for Anomaly with...
IRJET- Indian Water Pollution Monitoring and Forecasting for Anomaly with...
IRJET Journal
Statistical analysis to identify the main parameters to
Statistical analysis to identify the main parameters to
eSAT Publishing House
Statistical analysis to identify the main parameters to
Statistical analysis to identify the main parameters to
eSAT Publishing House
An Efficient Method for Assessing Water Quality Based on Bayesian Belief Netw...
An Efficient Method for Assessing Water Quality Based on Bayesian Belief Netw...
ijsc
An efficient method for assessing water
An efficient method for assessing water
ijsc
WATER QUALITY PREDICTION
WATER QUALITY PREDICTION
Fasil47
Statistical analysis to identify the main parameters to effecting wwqi of sew...
Statistical analysis to identify the main parameters to effecting wwqi of sew...
eSAT Journals
IRJET- Estimation of Water Level Variations in Dams Based on Rainfall Dat...
IRJET- Estimation of Water Level Variations in Dams Based on Rainfall Dat...
IRJET Journal
IRJET- Estimation the Bod of Wastewater by using the Neural Networks (ANN)
IRJET- Estimation the Bod of Wastewater by using the Neural Networks (ANN)
IRJET Journal
710201911
710201911
IJRAT
ENE ppt on river data and analysis of the river
ENE ppt on river data and analysis of the river
AJAYMALIK97
IRJET- Univariate Time Series Prediction of Reservoir Inflow using Artifi...
IRJET- Univariate Time Series Prediction of Reservoir Inflow using Artifi...
IRJET Journal
710201911
710201911
IJRAT
Use of Fuzzy Set Theory in Environmental Engineering Applications: A Review
Use of Fuzzy Set Theory in Environmental Engineering Applications: A Review
IJERA Editor
G1304025056
G1304025056
IOSR Journals
River Water Level Prediction Modelling using Artificial Neural Network and Mu...
River Water Level Prediction Modelling using Artificial Neural Network and Mu...
Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Performance Evaluation of Sewage Treatment Plant in Kanpur City
Performance Evaluation of Sewage Treatment Plant in Kanpur City
IRJET Journal
Atmospheric Pollutant Concentration Prediction Based on KPCA BP
Atmospheric Pollutant Concentration Prediction Based on KPCA BP
ijtsrd
Variance of total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity for water qual...
Variance of total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity for water qual...
IJECEIAES
PREDICTING RIVER WATER QUALITY ppt presentation
PREDICTING RIVER WATER QUALITY ppt presentation
vaddepallysandeep122
Similar to IRJET- Modelling BOD and COD using Artificial Neural Network with Factor Analysis
(20)
IRJET- Indian Water Pollution Monitoring and Forecasting for Anomaly with...
IRJET- Indian Water Pollution Monitoring and Forecasting for Anomaly with...
Statistical analysis to identify the main parameters to
Statistical analysis to identify the main parameters to
Statistical analysis to identify the main parameters to
Statistical analysis to identify the main parameters to
An Efficient Method for Assessing Water Quality Based on Bayesian Belief Netw...
An Efficient Method for Assessing Water Quality Based on Bayesian Belief Netw...
An efficient method for assessing water
An efficient method for assessing water
WATER QUALITY PREDICTION
WATER QUALITY PREDICTION
Statistical analysis to identify the main parameters to effecting wwqi of sew...
Statistical analysis to identify the main parameters to effecting wwqi of sew...
IRJET- Estimation of Water Level Variations in Dams Based on Rainfall Dat...
IRJET- Estimation of Water Level Variations in Dams Based on Rainfall Dat...
IRJET- Estimation the Bod of Wastewater by using the Neural Networks (ANN)
IRJET- Estimation the Bod of Wastewater by using the Neural Networks (ANN)
710201911
710201911
ENE ppt on river data and analysis of the river
ENE ppt on river data and analysis of the river
IRJET- Univariate Time Series Prediction of Reservoir Inflow using Artifi...
IRJET- Univariate Time Series Prediction of Reservoir Inflow using Artifi...
710201911
710201911
Use of Fuzzy Set Theory in Environmental Engineering Applications: A Review
Use of Fuzzy Set Theory in Environmental Engineering Applications: A Review
G1304025056
G1304025056
River Water Level Prediction Modelling using Artificial Neural Network and Mu...
River Water Level Prediction Modelling using Artificial Neural Network and Mu...
Performance Evaluation of Sewage Treatment Plant in Kanpur City
Performance Evaluation of Sewage Treatment Plant in Kanpur City
Atmospheric Pollutant Concentration Prediction Based on KPCA BP
Atmospheric Pollutant Concentration Prediction Based on KPCA BP
Variance of total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity for water qual...
Variance of total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity for water qual...
PREDICTING RIVER WATER QUALITY ppt presentation
PREDICTING RIVER WATER QUALITY ppt presentation
More from IRJET Journal
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
IRJET Journal
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
IRJET Journal
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...
IRJET Journal
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil Characteristics
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil Characteristics
IRJET Journal
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...
IRJET Journal
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...
IRJET Journal
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...
IRJET Journal
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...
IRJET Journal
A REVIEW ON MACHINE LEARNING IN ADAS
A REVIEW ON MACHINE LEARNING IN ADAS
IRJET Journal
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...
IRJET Journal
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD Pro
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD Pro
IRJET Journal
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...
IRJET Journal
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare System
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare System
IRJET Journal
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges
IRJET Journal
React based fullstack edtech web application
React based fullstack edtech web application
IRJET Journal
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...
IRJET Journal
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.
IRJET Journal
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...
IRJET Journal
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic Design
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic Design
IRJET Journal
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...
IRJET Journal
More from IRJET Journal
(20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil Characteristics
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil Characteristics
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...
A REVIEW ON MACHINE LEARNING IN ADAS
A REVIEW ON MACHINE LEARNING IN ADAS
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD Pro
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD Pro
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare System
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare System
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges
React based fullstack edtech web application
React based fullstack edtech web application
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic Design
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic Design
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...
Recently uploaded
Signal Processing and Linear System Analysis
Signal Processing and Linear System Analysis
National Chung Hsing University
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence ( AI)
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence ( AI)
ChandrakantDivate1
Introduction to Data Visualization,Matplotlib.pdf
Introduction to Data Visualization,Matplotlib.pdf
sumitt6_25730773
Kuwait City MTP kit ((+919101817206)) Buy Abortion Pills Kuwait
Kuwait City MTP kit ((+919101817206)) Buy Abortion Pills Kuwait
jaanualu31
Path loss model, OKUMURA Model, Hata Model
Path loss model, OKUMURA Model, Hata Model
DrAjayKumarYadav4
UNIT 4 PTRP final Convergence in probability.pptx
UNIT 4 PTRP final Convergence in probability.pptx
kalpana413121
S1S2 B.Arch MGU - HOA1&2 Module 3 -Temple Architecture of Kerala.pptx
S1S2 B.Arch MGU - HOA1&2 Module 3 -Temple Architecture of Kerala.pptx
SCMS School of Architecture
Introduction to Serverless with AWS Lambda
Introduction to Serverless with AWS Lambda
Omar Fathy
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
ssuser89054b
HOA1&2 - Module 3 - PREHISTORCI ARCHITECTURE OF KERALA.pptx
HOA1&2 - Module 3 - PREHISTORCI ARCHITECTURE OF KERALA.pptx
SCMS School of Architecture
8086 Microprocessor Architecture: 16-bit microprocessor
8086 Microprocessor Architecture: 16-bit microprocessor
AshwiniTodkar4
Theory of Time 2024 (Universal Theory for Everything)
Theory of Time 2024 (Universal Theory for Everything)
Ramkumar k
Post office management system project ..pdf
Post office management system project ..pdf
Kamal Acharya
Standard vs Custom Battery Packs - Decoding the Power Play
Standard vs Custom Battery Packs - Decoding the Power Play
Epec Engineered Technologies
Ground Improvement Technique: Earth Reinforcement
Ground Improvement Technique: Earth Reinforcement
Dr. Deepak Mudgal
Worksharing and 3D Modeling with Revit.pptx
Worksharing and 3D Modeling with Revit.pptx
Mustafa Ahmed
Cara Menggugurkan Sperma Yang Masuk Rahim Biyar Tidak Hamil
Cara Menggugurkan Sperma Yang Masuk Rahim Biyar Tidak Hamil
Cara Menggugurkan Kandungan 087776558899
Digital Communication Essentials: DPCM, DM, and ADM .pptx
Digital Communication Essentials: DPCM, DM, and ADM .pptx
pritamlangde
Integrated Test Rig For HTFE-25 - Neometrix
Integrated Test Rig For HTFE-25 - Neometrix
Neometrix_Engineering_Pvt_Ltd
Online electricity billing project report..pdf
Online electricity billing project report..pdf
Kamal Acharya
Recently uploaded
(20)
Signal Processing and Linear System Analysis
Signal Processing and Linear System Analysis
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence ( AI)
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence ( AI)
Introduction to Data Visualization,Matplotlib.pdf
Introduction to Data Visualization,Matplotlib.pdf
Kuwait City MTP kit ((+919101817206)) Buy Abortion Pills Kuwait
Kuwait City MTP kit ((+919101817206)) Buy Abortion Pills Kuwait
Path loss model, OKUMURA Model, Hata Model
Path loss model, OKUMURA Model, Hata Model
UNIT 4 PTRP final Convergence in probability.pptx
UNIT 4 PTRP final Convergence in probability.pptx
S1S2 B.Arch MGU - HOA1&2 Module 3 -Temple Architecture of Kerala.pptx
S1S2 B.Arch MGU - HOA1&2 Module 3 -Temple Architecture of Kerala.pptx
Introduction to Serverless with AWS Lambda
Introduction to Serverless with AWS Lambda
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
HOA1&2 - Module 3 - PREHISTORCI ARCHITECTURE OF KERALA.pptx
HOA1&2 - Module 3 - PREHISTORCI ARCHITECTURE OF KERALA.pptx
8086 Microprocessor Architecture: 16-bit microprocessor
8086 Microprocessor Architecture: 16-bit microprocessor
Theory of Time 2024 (Universal Theory for Everything)
Theory of Time 2024 (Universal Theory for Everything)
Post office management system project ..pdf
Post office management system project ..pdf
Standard vs Custom Battery Packs - Decoding the Power Play
Standard vs Custom Battery Packs - Decoding the Power Play
Ground Improvement Technique: Earth Reinforcement
Ground Improvement Technique: Earth Reinforcement
Worksharing and 3D Modeling with Revit.pptx
Worksharing and 3D Modeling with Revit.pptx
Cara Menggugurkan Sperma Yang Masuk Rahim Biyar Tidak Hamil
Cara Menggugurkan Sperma Yang Masuk Rahim Biyar Tidak Hamil
Digital Communication Essentials: DPCM, DM, and ADM .pptx
Digital Communication Essentials: DPCM, DM, and ADM .pptx
Integrated Test Rig For HTFE-25 - Neometrix
Integrated Test Rig For HTFE-25 - Neometrix
Online electricity billing project report..pdf
Online electricity billing project report..pdf
IRJET- Modelling BOD and COD using Artificial Neural Network with Factor Analysis
1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 4741 Modelling BOD and COD Using Artificial Neural Network with Factor Analysis Nidhisha C1, Elizabeth C Kuruvila2 1Nidhisha C, M. tech Student, Civil Engineering, KMCT College of Engineering for women, Kerala, India 2Dr. Elizabeth C. Kuruvila, Professor, Civil Engineering, KMCT College of Engineering for women, Kerala, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - The daily human activities nowadays leads to increase in the chances of water quality deterioration which adversely affects sustaining life. Modelling of water quality is one of the most prominent area of study in the present scenario. The objective of the present study was to model Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Among twenty four parameters, twenty two parameters were taken as input values. Three different station of Korapuzha river in Kozhikode, Kerala have been taken as the study area. The three sampling points are Purakatteri, Kanyankode and Korapuzha. The data considered for the study was monthly of the duration 2006 to 2015. Since there were large number of input parameters, Factor Analysis was done in order to identify the most prominent input parametersfortheBODand COD modelling. The factors which were having a fine correlation with that of the output parameter were used for the development of ANN model. Different trials for the three sampling points were done with different input parameters depending upon the correlation value from the factoranalysis result. The algorithm used in the ANN model is feed – forward back propagation. The comparison of the models were done by observing the variation of predicted values from the observed values. The best result was obtained for the input parameter combination having high correlation with that of output parameter. The results obtained suggested that ANN technique provide better results when combined with factor analysis for data reduction. Key Words: Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, factor analysis Artificial Neural Network 1.INTRODUCTION Human activities give impacts on river water quality, whether by direct disposal or indirectly. The action of direct disposal polluted the river by illegal garbage dumping or chemical disposal from nearby factory. Meanwhile, we are unable to observe the people who polluted the river indirectly, or even to measure the value of pollutants dumped into the river. Direct discharge and disposals also contribute due to the process leaching after the heavy rain, usually when the farmers put excess fertilizers or pesticides on the crops, and also the wastes from pasture sites. In natural environment, oxygen in the atmosphere will absorb into the surface area of the water but human activities such as open fire and industrial combustion, also contributes to the nutrient enrichment in water in the form of acid rain production. Among all the water quality parameters BOD and COD are prominent parameters. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) is the amount of oxygen used by aerobic microorganism to break downtheorganicmattersintomore stable form. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is the amount of oxygen used to oxidize chemical substances through chemical processes. [2].In biological organisms, a computational method animated by the studies of the brain and nervous system, is called an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). One of best characteristics of the neural networks is their ability to learn. The process of learning for ANN called training the neural network. The training of ANN regulates itself to develop an internal set of features that it utilizes to classify information or data. [1]Factor analysis is a generic name given to a class of multivariate statistical methods which can be used for the purpose of data reduction and summarization. By using factor analysis, the analyst can identify the separate dimensions being measured by the survey and determine a factor loading for each variable on each factor. [3] 1.1 OBJECTIVES a. To perform factor analysis for understanding the correlationofeachwaterqualityparameterwithBOD and COD. b. To develop models for BOD and COD using Artificial Neural Network and compare the observed and predicted values. 2. METHODOLOGY 2.1 STUDY AREA The area selected for the study was Korapuzha river. Korapuzha is also known as ElathurRiverand isa shortriver of 40 km. The water quality parameters of the Korapuzha river are monitored by Kozhikode State Pollution control
2.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 4742 Board. The monthly water quality data of Korapuzha river were collected from the state pollution control board. The water quality data of the three stations Purakatteri, Kanayankode and Korapuzha of the year 2006 to 2015 were collected. 2.2 FACTOR ANALYSIS The Factor Analysis (FA) is a multivariate statistical technique mainly employed for the purpose of data reduction. The first step was to standardize the raw data. Standardization tends to increase the influence of variables whose variance is small and reduces the influence of variables whose variance is large. Furthermore, the standardization procedure eliminates the influence of different units of measurement and makes the data dimensionless. The factor analysis is started by selecting the 24 parameters of the water quality. The monthly data of the year 2006 to 2015 of the Korapuzha river is used fortheanalysis.Thefirst decision in the factor analysis includes the calculation of correlation matrix. The type of analysis used here isRfactor analysis. Therefore, the correlation coefficient matrix measures how well the variance of each constituent can be explained by relationships with each of the others. Then,the variances/co-variances and correlation coefficients of the variables are computed. EigenvaluesandEigenvectors were calculated for the covariance matrix. Then, the data were transformed into factors. Factoranalysisattemptsto explain the correlations between the observations in terms of the underlying factors whichare notdirectlyobservable. Factors are extracted from the correlation matrix based on the correlation coefficients of the variables. In this factor analysis orthogonal extraction method is used. To maximize the relationship between some of the factors and variables, the factors are rotated. It is used to account for the degree of mutually shared variability between individual pairs of water quality variables. Then, Eigen values and factor loadings for the correlation matrix are determined. Eigenvalues correspond to an Eigen factor which identifies the groups of variables that are highly correlated among them. Lower eigen values may contribute little to the explanatory ability of the data. Only the first few factors are needed to account for much of the parameter variability. Once the correlation matrix and eigenvalues are obtained, factor scores are used to measure the correlation between the variables and factors. Factor rotation is used to facilitate interpretation by providing a simpler factor structure. After rotation of the factor loading matrix (e.g. by varimax rotation, which involves scaling the loadings by dividing them by the corresponding communality), the factors can often be interpreted as origins or common sources. [3] 2.3 ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS The artificial neural network modelsaredevelopedusingthe neural network toolbox in MATLAB. In this study all the water quality parameters except BOD and COD were taken as input parameters and the BOD and COD were taken as output parameters. Different trials with different input combination were done dependinguponthevaluesobtained after the factor analysis. For BOD of Purakatteri three trials were done. The trial 1 includes 10 inputs, trial 2 includes 4 input and third trial includes1 input. For COD of Purakatteri also three trials were done. The trial 1 includes 12 inputs, trial 2 includes 11 inputs and third includes 4 inputs. For BOD of Kanyankode one trial with 4 inputs was done andfor the COD of Kanyankode three trials were done with the first trial having 10 inputs, second trial having 7 inputs and the trial having 5 inputs For the BOD of Korapuzha one trial was done with one input and for the COD three trials were done with first trial having 13 inputs, second trial having 9 inputs and the trial included 7 inputs. The type of algorithm used in the study is feed forward back propagation. The networks are trained using tangent sigmoid transfer function, back propagation and number of epochs as 1000. The number of neurons in the hidden layers are varied to obtain the best neural network. The best network is obtained depending upon the values of the performance parameters. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 3.1 FACTOR ANALYSIS The factor analysis was doneusingtheStatistical Packagefor the Social Sciences (SPSS). It was done using the monthly water quality data of Korapuzha river for all the 24 parameters in order to find the correlation of these parameters with that of the BOD and COD. The water quality parameter are pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, alkalinity, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium, chloride, sulphate, BOD, COD, nitrite, nitrate, Sodium absorption ratio, sodium, ammoniacal nitrogen, free ammonia, Total Kjeldhal Nitrogen, Total Dissolved Solids, Fluoride, boron, total coliform, fecal coliform, dissolved oxygen. The data values obtained from the pollution control board Kozhikode are first normalized before the factor analysis. The table below shows the correlation of each parameter with that that of the BOD and COD of the three sampling points which are Purkatteri, Kanyankode and Korapuzha. Table -1: Factor Analysis result of Purakatteri SL No. Parameters BOD COD 1 Ph 0.404 0.553 2 Turbidity 0.003 0.113 3 Electrical conductivity 0.472 0.593 4 Alkalinity 0.235 0.542
3.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 4743 5 Total hardness 0.366 0.587 6 Calcium Hardness 0.158 0.356 7 Magnesium 0.345 0.568 8 Chloride 0.344 0.621 9 Sulphate 0.348 0.581 10 BOD 1 0.685 11 COD 0.685 1 12 Nitrite 0.051 0.028 13 Nitrate .202 0.339 14 Sodium Absorption ratio 0.336 0.616 15 Sodium 0.378 0.613 16 Ammoniacal Nitrogen 0.048 0.011 17 Free Ammonia 0.074 0.058 18 Total Kjeldhal Nitrogen 0.237 0.255 19 Total Dissolved Solids 0.338 0.585 20 Fluoride 0.181 0.409 21 Boron 0.044 0.003 22 Total Coliform 0.14 0.09 23 Fecal Coliform 0.156 0.104 24 Dissolved Oxygen 0.46 0.041 Table -2: Factor Analysis result of Kanyankode SL No. Parameters BOD COD 1 pH 0.364 0.431 2 Turbidity 0.127 -0.009 3 Electrical conductivity 0.292 0.246 4 Alkalinity 0.281 0.436 5 Total hardness 0.309 0.505 6 Calcium Hardness 0.042 -0.082 7 Magnesium 0.036 0.395 8 Chloride 0.299 0.516 9 Sulphate 0.037 -0.022 10 BOD 1 0.354 11 COD 0.354 1 12 Nitrite 0.089 -0.073 13 Nitrate 0.295 0.382 14 Sodium Absorption ratio 0.317 0.569 15 Sodium 0.294 0.511 16 Ammoniacal Nitrogen 0.003 -0.022 17 Free Ammonia 0.080 0.095 18 Total Kjeldhal Nitrogen 0.195 0.120 19 Total Dissolved Solids 0.082 -0.071 20 Fluoride 0.110 0.212 21 Boron 0.173 0.522 22 Total Coliform 0.102 0.179 23 Fecal Coliform 0.044 0.140 24 Dissolved Oxygen -0.220 -0.279 Table -3: Factor Analysis result of Korapuzha SL No. Parameters BOD COD 1 pH 0.287 0.301 2 Turbidity 0.176 0.113 3 Electrical conductivity 0.296 0.471 4 Alkalinity 0.142 0.513 5 Total hardness 0.168 0.556 6 Calcium Hardness 0.053 0.312 7 Magnesium 0.098 0.457 8 Chloride 0.225 0.551 9 Sulphate 0.154 0.520 10 BOD 1 0.355 11 COD 0.355 1 12 Nitrite 0.066 0.007 13 Nitrate 0.151 0.291 14 Sodium Absorption ratio 0.196 0.588 15 Sodium 0.188 0.589 16 Ammoniacal Nitrogen 0.010 0.108 17 Free Ammonia -0.039 0.172
4.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 4744 18 Total Kjeldhal Nitrogen 0.054 0.184 19 Total Dissolved Solids 0.185 0.568 20 Fluoride 0.033 0.337 21 Boron -0.051 0.01 22 Total Coliform 0.165 0.048 23 Fecal Coliform 0.144 0.074 24 Dissolved Oxygen -0.057 -0.292 3.2 ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS MODEL COMBINATION The following are the results for different Artificial Neural Networks model combination for BOD and COD of the three sampling points- Purakatteri, Kanyankode and Korapuzha. a. BOD of Purakatteri ANN model was developed for three input combination. The first input combination included 10 inputs, the second input combination included 3 inputs and the third input combination includes one input namely COD. Table -4: Values of performance parameters ANN Model Combination R MSE MAE RMSE SSE 10 inputs 0.767 0.129 0.222 0.359 1.473 3 inputs 0.905 0.215 0.315 0.464 1.985 1 input 0.914 0.003 0.046 0.057 1.392 The highest R value of 0.914 and lowest MSE value of 0.003 was obtained for the third input combination. Chart -1: Graph showing comparison of original and predicted data of BOD of Purakatteri The observed and ANN predicted values of BOD of Purakatteri were having much resemblance for the third input combination. b. COD of Purakatteri ANN model was developed for three input combination. The first input combination included 12 inputs, the second input combination included 11 inputs and the third input combination includes 4 inputs. Table -5: Values of performance parameters The highest R value of 0.941 and lowest MSE value of 0.002 was obtained for the third input combination. ANN Model Combination R MSE MAE RMSE SSE 12 inputs 0.922 0.054 0.205 0.232 0.645 11 inputs 0.932 0.044 0.167 0.210 0.679 4 inputs 0.941 0.002 0.041 0.045 0.691
5.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 4745 Chart -2: Graph showing comparison of original and predicted data of COD of Purakatteri The observed and ANN predicted values of COD of Purakatteri were having much resemblance for the third input combination. c. BOD of Kanyankode ANN model was developed for one input combinationwhich included 4 inputs namely pH, total hardness, COD and SAR. Table -6: Values of performance parameters ANN Model Combination R MSE MAE RMSE SSE 4 inputs 0.764 0.093 0.212 0.305 0.741 The highest R value of o.764 and lowest MSE value of 0.093 was obtained for this input combination. Chart -3: Graph showing comparison of original and predicted data of BOD of Kanyankode The observed and ANN predicted values of BOD of Kanyankode are as shown above. The resemblance of observed and predicted values is low due to low correlation. d. COD of Kanyankode ANN model was developed for three input combination. The first input combination included 10 inputs, the second input combination included 7 inputs and the third input combination includes 5 inputs. Table -7: Values of performance parameters ANN Model Combination R MSE MAE RMSE SSE 10 inputs 0.711 0.031 0.139 0.175 0.216 7 inputs 0.737 0.075 0.241 0.274 0.579 5 inputs 0.775 0.003 0.032 0.178 0.394 The highest R value of 0.775 and lowest MSE value of 0.003 was obtained for the third input combination. Chart -4: Graph showing comparison of original and predicted data of COD of Kanyankode The observed and ANN predicted values of COD of Kanyankode were having much resemblance for the third input combination. e. BOD of Korapuzha ANN model was developed for one input combinationwhich included one input namely COD.
6.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 4746 Table -8: Values of performance parameters ANN Model Combination R MSE MAE RMSE SSE 1 input 0.526 0.002 0.036 0.043 0.101 The highest R value of 0.526 and lowest MSE value of 0.002 was obtained for this input combination. Chart -5: Graph showing comparison of original and predicted data of BOD of Korapuzha The observed and ANN predicted values of BOD of Korapuzha are as shown above. There was a much resemblance between the observed and predicted value. f. COD of Korapuzha ANN model was developed for three input combination. The first input combination included 13 inputs, the second input combination included 9 inputs and the third input combination includes 7 inputs. Table -9: Values of performance parameters ANN Model Combination R MSE MAE RMSE SSE 13 inputs 0.739 0.056 0.167 0.238 0.242 9 inputs 0.764 0.132 0.227 0.363 0.704 7 inputs 0.830 0.004 0.045 0.067 0.443 The highest R value of 0.830 and lowest MSE value of 0.004 was obtained for the third input combination. Chart -6: Graph showing comparison of original and predicted data of COD of Korapuzha The observed and ANN predicted values of COD of Korapuzha were having much resemblance for the third input combination. 4. CONCLUSIONS The objective of the present study was to model the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of Korapuzha river, Kozhikode at three different sampling locations using other twenty two parameters as input. Monthly data of water quality parameters for the duration of 2006 to 2015 was utilized for the study. At first for the development of ANN model data reduction was done using the factor analysis. The factor analysis was done in order to identify the prominent parameters that are affecting the values of BOD and COD and the remaining parameters were exempted from the study. Different trials were done with differentinputcombinationdependingupon the correlation value obtained from the factor analysis result. The algorithm used is feed forward back propagation. The result showed that neural network model prepared by BOD and COD high correlation coefficient (R) and low Mean Square Errors. Different graphs comparing the original and ANN predicted values were plotted. There was much resemblance for the predictedandoriginal valuesintheANN model. Slight variation of the result occurs due to the lack of data and it could be overcome by using data of more years. Thus it could be concluded that ANN is an efficient tool for modelling BOD and COD whencombinedwithfactoranalysis for data reduction.
7.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 4747 REFERENCES [1] Ammar Salman Dawood, Haleem K. Hussain, Aymanalak Hassan (2016), Modelling of river water quality parameters using Artificial Neural Network- A Case Study, International Journal of Advances in Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Volume 03, Issue 05. [2] Anitha Talib and Mawar Idati Amat, (2012), Prediction of Chemical Oxygen Demand in DongdangRiverUsingArtificial Neural Network, International Journal of Information and Education Technology, Volume 02, Issue 03. [3] J D Salas, J W. Delleur, V. Yevjevich and W. L. Lane,Applied modeling of hydrologic time series, Water resources Publications [4] Sujana Prajithkumar, Dr. Shweta Verma, B V Mahajan, (2015), Application of ANN Model forthepredictionofwater quality index, International Journal of EngineeringResearch and General Science, Volume 03, Issue 01 [5] . Thair S.K. , Abdul Hameed M. J., and Ayad S. M., (2014), Prediction of water quality of Euphrates river by using Artificial Neural Network Model, International Research Journal of Natural Sciences, Volume 02, Issue 03.
Download now