Articulatory phonetics, Coarticulation & Acoustic consideration of suprasegmental features

1. www.slideshare.net
ASSIGNMENT
SUBMITTED TO: MA'AM AMNA RASHID
SUBMITTED BY: IQRA IRSHAD
SUBJECT: SPEECH DISORDER I
DEPT: (DHPT) SLP
REGISTRATION#: BSSLP02181003
SEMESTER: 5TH

2. ARTICULATORY PHONETICS
It explains how humans produce speech sounds via the interaction of different
physiological structures.
The production of speech is done by 3 main processes:
1. Air steam mechanism
2. Phonation
3. Articulation
Articulatory phonetics can be seen as divided up into three areas.These are voice,
place and manner
1. Voice
Voiced: Voiced sounds are sounds that involve vocal fold vibrations when they are
produced. Examples of voiced sounds are /b,d,v,m/.
Voiceless: Voiceless sounds are sounds that are produced with no vocal fold vibration.
Examples of voiceless sounds in English are /s,t,p,f/.
2. Placementof Articulators
Classification Example
Bilabial /p m b/
Dental /θ ð/
Labiodental /f v/
Alveolar /t d z l n/
Post-alveolar /r/
Palato-alveolar /ʃ ʒ dʒ/
Palatal /j/
Velar /k g ŋ/
Glottal /h/
3. Manner of Articulation
Name of class Example
Stop /p b t d k g/
Affricate /t̠ʃ dʒ/
Fricative /f v θ ð z s ʃ/
Nasal /m n ŋ/
Rolled /r/

3. Lateral /l/
Semi-vowels /wj/
COARTICULATION
The articulation of two or more speech sounds together, so that one influences the other.
A good example of Coarticulation involves words that have the vowel a and a nasal consonant
/n/ /m/.
TYPES:
1. Anticipatory Coarticulation, when a feature or characteristic of a speech sound is anticipated
(assumed) during the production of a preceding speech sound
Example: seen [sı:n] soon [sün]
2. Perseverative Coarticulation, when the effects of a sound are seen during the production of
sound
Example: cars
ACOUSTIC CONSIDERATION OF SPEECH AND SUPRASEGMENTAL
Acoustic phonetics deals with the physical properties of speech sounds such as frequency, intensity, pitch
etc.
SUPRASEGMENTAL FEATURES:
Also known as prosodic features such as stress,intonation, rhythm, word juncture.
1. Stress: Stress is the degree of emphasis given a sound or syllable in speech.
Example: Every white house," the words white and house receive roughly equal stress;
however, whenwe refer to the official home of the American president, "the White House,"
the word White is usually stressed more heavily than House.
2. Intonation: The rise and fall of the voice in speaking.
Example: can you swim?
3. Rhythm: is the sense of the movement in speech marked by stress,timing and quantity of
syllables
4. Word juncture: Juncture refers to breaks or pauses in speech that indicate words or
other grammatical units.
Juncture is phonemic. That is it changes the meaning, as in the following example: "I scream"
and "ice cream."