This document discusses phonetics, the study of speech sounds. It covers two branches of phonetics - articulatory phonetics which studies speech organs, and acoustic phonetics which studies physical characteristics of sounds. English consonants are described by voicing, place of articulation, and manner of articulation. Voicing refers to whether vocal cords vibrate. Place of articulation is where air flow is obstructed in the vocal tract. Manner of articulation is how the air flow is obstructed. Vowels have no obstruction, and diphthongs combine two vowels in one syllable. Words can have stress on certain syllables which are longer and louder. Intonation refers to rising and falling voice

1. CHAPTER 2: The Sounds
of Languages: Phonetics
By Ly Bich Phuong

2. Phonetics is the study of sounds
(concerned with what we pronounce and how we pronounce)
It has two principal branches:
• Articulatory phonetics ( studies organs of speech)
• Acoustic phonetics ( studies physical characteristics of
sound during producing sound process)

3. All English consonants can be described
in term of three properties:
• Voicing (whether the vocal cords are
vibrating or not)
• Place of articulation (where the
airstream is most obstructed)
• Manner of articulation (the particular
way the airstream is most obstructed)

4. 2.3.1. Voicing
• VOICED ( the vocals cords are vibrate):
[ b, d, g, v, ð, ŋ, dʒ, z, ʒ, m, n, l, r, w, j ]
• VOICELESS ( the vocal cords are not
vibrate): [ p, t, k, f, ∫, θ, h, t∫]
VOICED/ VOICELESS SOUNDS

5. Manner of articulation is the
configuration and interaction
of the articulator (speech
organs such as the tongue,
lips, and palate) when making
a speech sound.
2.3.2 Manner of
articulation

6. The place of articulation is
refer to location and
combination of vocal
organs.

7. Consonant is a
speech sound that
is articulated with
complete or partial
closure of the vocal
tract
Definition:

8. Stops Fricatives Africative
Obstruents Approximants
Nasals

9. Vowels sounds is a speech sound
that is made with no obstruction of
the vocal tract.

10. The highest point reached by
the body of the tongue, on both
the front/back and high/low
dimensions

12. A sound formed by the
combination of two vowels in a
single syllable
Example: Complex vowels like [aj]
aɪ/ , /eɪ/
, /əʊ/
,/aʊ/
,/eə/
,/ɪə/
,/ɔɪ/,
/ʊə/

14. All words of more than one syllable
have what is called word stress
Example: TEAcher. defiNItion,
NUMber,....
=>> at least one of the syllables is l-o-n-g-e-r
and louder than the other syllables.

15. The sound
changes
produced
by the rise
and fall of
the voice
when
speaking

16. Easier to apply vowels
reductions
Difference word stress can make a
word sound completely different
Help we learn and remember
the correct prounciation of
words
Improve listening

17. Thanks
Do you have any questions?