laryngeal trauma, its classification & treatment

1. LARYNGEAL
TRAUMA
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2. INTRODUCTION
 voice box
 involved in breathing, producing sound
and protecting the trachea against food
aspiration.
 The larynx manipulates pitch and
volume, which is essential for
phonation.
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4. LARYNGEAL TRAUMA
 Laryngeal trauma is injury to the voice box, or larynx, the
upper portion of the airway where the vocal cords are
located.
 The damage can range from minor vocal cord weakness
to fractures of the cartilage structures of the larynx or
trachea.
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5. CLASSIFICATION
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Blunt injury
Penetrating
injury
Iatrogenic
Inhalation

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7. ETIOLOGY
 Automobile accidents (most common)
 Blow or kick on the neck
 Strangulation
 Neck striking against a wire or cable
 Penetrating injuries with sharp instruments
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8. PATHOLOGY
 The degree & severity of damage will vary from slight
bruises externally or laceration of mucosa to a
comminuted fracture of laryngeal framework.
 Laryngeal fractures are common after 40 years of age
because of calcification of the laryngeal framework
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9. PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES
 Hematoma or edema of supraglottic or subglottic region
 Tears in laryngeal mucosa
 Dislocation od cricoarytenoid joints (cartilage)
 Dislocation of cricothyroid joint
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11. CONTD.
 Fractures of hyoid bone
 Fractures of cricoid cartilage
 Fractures of thyroid cartilage
 Fractures of upper tracheal rings
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12. CLINICAL FEATURES
 Respiratory distress
 Aphonia
 Hoarseness
 Difficulty with swallowing
 Pain in larynx
 Hemoptysis
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13. EXTERNAL SIGNS
 Bruises over the skin
 Neck swelling
 Fracture displacements of thyroid & cricoid
cartilage
 Palpation of laryngeal area is painful
 Bony crepitus between fragments of hyoid
bone
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14. COMPLICATIONS
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Vocal
cord
paralysis
Laryngeal
stenosis
Laryngeal
abscess
perichon
dritis

15. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
 Indirect laryngoscopy or rigid endoscopy
 Flexible laryngoscopy through nose
 CT of the larynx
 Associated injuries
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16. CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT
 Vocal rest is essential
 Patient should be observed for respiratory distress
 Humidification of inspired air is essential
 Steroid therapy
 Antibiotics
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17. SURGICAL
TREATMENT
 Laryngectomy
 Open
reduction
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18.  OPEN REDUCTION INCLUDES:
1. fractures of hyoid bone cane be replaced
2. Mucosal lacerations are repaired
3. Arytenoid cartilages can be repositioned
4. Epiglottis is anchored in its normal position
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19. “
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THANK YOU
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