This document outlines the syllabus and content for a course on phonetics and spoken English. It covers 5 units: 1) introduction to phonetics and phonology, the organs of speech, and description of speech sounds; 2) the sounds of English vowels and consonants; 3) stress, accent, rhythm, assimilation and intonation; 4) phonetic transcription; and 5) spoken English in various situations involving dialogues. Each unit provides details on the topics covered such as descriptions of vowels and consonants, examples of stress and intonation, systems of transcription, and a sample dialogue.

1. DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
PPT FOR PHONETICS AND SPOKEN
ENGLISH(AENEA41)
BY S.VIJAYAPRIYA
CLASS-II BA ENGLISH SEMESTER-IV

2. II BA ENGLISH
III SEMESTER
 SYLLABUS
 UNIT I
 THE ORGANS OF SPEECH
 THE DESCRIPTION OF SPEECH SOUNDS
 UNIT II
 THE SOUNDS OF ENGLISH: VOWELS
 THE SOUNDS OF ENGLISH: CONSONANTS
 UNIT III
 STRESS, ACCENT, RHYTHM, ASSIMILATION AND INTONATION
 UNIT IV
 PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTION: CONVERSATION PASSAGES FOR
PRACTICE
 UNIT V
 SPOKEN ENGLISH IN VARIOUS SITUATIONS IN WHICH DIALOGUES
TAKE PLACE.

3. UNIT I
Phonetics, phonology, phoneme
 Phonetics: Deals with the production,
transmission and reception of speech
sounds.
 Phonology: Deals with the way in which the
speech sounds of a language function.
 Phoneme: Deals with phonological segment
that can be phonetically predicted by a
rule

4. Organs of speech

5. THE DESCRIPTION OF SPEECH
SOUNDS (Voicing)

6. Voicing

7. Place of articulation

8. Major lower articulators

9. UNIT II
THE SOUNDS OF ENGLISH :
VOWELS
 Vowels
 Monophthongs
 Diphthongs
 12 monophthongs: 7 short: ɪ, e, æ, ʌ , ɒ, ʊ, ә
and 5 long: i: , ɑ: , ɔ: , з: , u:
 7 diphthongs: 5 closing: eɪ, aɪ, ɔɪ, aʊ, әʊ
 and 2 (3) centring: eә, ɪә, (ʊә)

10. Diagram of Cardinal Vowels

11. /e/ and /æ /

12. /ʌ / and /ɑ: /
CLOSE
MID-OPEN
OPEN

13. THE SOUNDS OF ENGLISH:
CONSONANTS

14. Features of Consonants
 Voicing (state of the glottis)
 Place of articulation
 Manner of articulation

15. Consonants vs. Vowels
 consonantal sounds: obstruction of airflow in
vocal tract
 vowel sounds: little to no obstruction of airflow

16. Phonetic features of
consonants
 To describe phonetic features of consonants,
list (a) voicing (b) place of articulation and (c)
manner of articulation for consonants (3
features)
e.g. [p] = Voiceless bilabial stop
[z] = Voiced alveolar fricative

17. UNIT III
STRESS, ACCENT, RHYTHM,
ASSIMILATION AND INTONATION
STRESS and ACCENT:
 When a word has more than one syllable, one of them is spoken with more
force than the rest , this force is called stress.
 While accent is a prominence given to a word or syllable by means of stress
and intonation
 In a polysyllabic word, one of the syllables is pronounced with greater
prominence than other syllables.
 The syllable that is pronounced with greater prominence in the same word is
said to be “accented” or “stressed”.
 Accent is easily detected in speech but in writing accent is marked by placing a
small vertical bar in front of the syllable which is stressed.

18. RHYTHM
 English is a stress-timed language, unlike
French and Tamil which are syllable-timed
languages.
 TWO TYPES OF RHYTHM:
1)SYLLABLE-TIMED RHYTHM
2)STRESS-TIMED RHYTHM

19. ASSIMILATION
 It is a general term in phonetics for the process
by which one phoneme or speech-sound is
replaced by another under the influence of the
neighbouring sound.

20. TYPES OF ASSIMILATION
 HISTORICAL
 CONTEXTUAL
 ANTICIPATORY
 COALESCENT
 NEGLIGENT
 PROGRESSIVE

21. INTONATION
 Stress
 Rise
 Fall
 Rise-fall
 Fall-rise

22. MEANING OF INTONATION
 Intonation is the music of a language.
 It is the name given to a sentence stress.
 Every language has melody in it.
 pitch behaves like a wave and it rises and falls
 This modulation of voice or speech – sounds
is called intonation.

23. UNIT IV
PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTION
Transcription means rewriting a passage using
IPA symbols. It is rendering the speech sounds
using the symbols.
We use 44 symbols (20 vowels and 24
consonants) to rewrite a passage/word.

24. SYSTEMS OF
TRANSCRIPTION
 PHONEMIC TRANSCRIPTION
Substitution of the 44 symbols for writing a
passage.
 PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTION
It shows allophonic variations also.
Marking all the variations in pronunciation.

25. IPA symbols for Transcription
[k]= car
[g]=guard
[f]= foot
[v]= van
[p]= pat
[b]= bat
[t]= tap
[d]=dam
[h]= hat
[m]=mull
[n]= null
[ŋ]= ring

26. IPA symbols for transcription
[s] = sap
[z] = zip
[θ] = think
[ð] = this
[s] = sap
[z] = zip
[θ] = think
[ð] = this
[s] = sap
[z] = zip
[θ] = think
[ð] = this

27. IPA symbols for transcription
[i]=sheep
[ɪ]=ship
[ɛ]= end
[u]= boot
[ʊ]=put
[ɔ]= open
[æ]=ash
[ɑ]= father
[ə]=about
[ʌ]= but

28. IPA symbols for transcription
PRACTICE
next [nɛkst] chin [ʧɪn] lamb [læm]
kite [kɑɪt] cat [kæt] meet [mit]

29. UNIT V
SPOKEN ENGLISH IN VARIOUS
SITUATIONS IN WHICH
DIALOGUES TAKE PLACE

30. Ramu and Balu in college on the
re-opening day
Ramu: Good morning, Balu.
Balu: Good morning.
Ramu: What course have you joined?
Balu: I have joined B.Sc.Chemistry. What about you?
Ramu: I have joined B.A.Economics.
Balu: That is a very interesting subject.
Ramu: Where did you spend your summer vacation?
Balu: I spent a few weeks at Ooty.
Ramu: You must tell me about Ooty.
Balu: Of course, I shall. But not now. There is no time now. The bell
has gone. Let us go to our class-rooms

31. DIALOGUE WRITING
 “Dialogue”, in real life, is natural and
spontaneous.
 The dialogue that we write also should be
easy and natural.
 The style that a person adopts should reflect
his character.

32. METHODS OF DIALOGUE
WRITING
 QUESTION-ANSWER
 REQUEST-ACCEPTANCE
 COMMAND-COMPLIANCE
 COMPLAINT-APOLOGY
 OFFER-ACCEPTANCE
 IF CLAUSE
 SHORT ANSWERS WITHOUT
 ACTIVE VOICE-PASSIVE VOICE
 WAY OF EXPRESSION