Neonatal reflexes

1. PRIMITIVE REFLEXES
Reflexes are involuntary movements or actions originating in the central nervous
systemthat are exhibited by normalinfants.
TYPES:
 MORO REFLEX:
The Moro reflex is an infantile reflex that develops between 28–32 weeks
of gestation and disappears between 3–6 months of age. Itis a responseto
a sudden loss of supportand involves three distinct components:
1. spreading out the arms (abduction)
2. pulling the arms in (adduction)
3. crying (usually)
 STARTLE REFLEX:
A reflex in responseto a loud noise. The infant makes a sudden body
movement, bringing the legs and arms toward the chest.

2.  PALMER GRASP REFLEX:
is a primitive reflex found in infants of humans and most primates. When
an object is placed in an infant's hand and the palm of the child is stroked,
the fingers will close reflexively, as the objectis grasped via palmar grasp.
 ASYMMETRIC TONIC NECK REFLEX:
it is also known as the "fencing reflex" is activated as a result of turning the
head to one side. As the head is turned, the arm and leg on the same side
will extend, while the oppositelimbs bend. The reflex should beinhibited
by six months of age in the waking state.

3.  BABINSKI (PLANTAR) REFLEX:
The Babinski reflex occurs after the sole of the foot has been firmly
stroked. The big toe then moves upward or toward the top surfaceof the
foot. The other toes fan out.
 LANDAU REFLEX:
Landau reflex or Landau reaction refers to a reflex seen in infants when

4. placed on stomach, their back arches and head raises. Itemerges 3 months
after birth and lasts until up to 12 months to 24 months of age.
 ROOTING REFLEX:
A reflex that is seen in normal newborn babies, who automatically turn the
face toward the stimulus and make sucking (rooting) motions with the
mouth when the cheek or lip is touched. The rooting reflex helps to ensure
successful breastfeeding.
 STEPPING REFLEX:
This reflex can be seen when a baby is held uprightor when the baby's feet
are touching the ground. Itlasts for 3-4 months then reappears at 12-24
months