Corneal opacity is a loss of normal transparency of the cornea due to scarring. It can be caused by healed corneal wounds, ulcers, or congenital defects. Risk factors include vitamin A deficiency, measles, eye injuries, infections, contact lens overwear, and cold sores. Symptoms are reduced or lost vision, pain, redness, photophobia, and cloudy appearances in parts of the eye. Types of opacity include nebula, macula, leukoma, and anterior staphyloma. Treatment options are phototherapeutic keratectomy using excimer laser for nebula, optical iridectomy for central opacities, and keratoplasty.

1. S.BAVADHAARINI

2. DEFINITION
 Corneal opacity literally means loss of
normal transparency of cornea due to
scarring
 CAUSES:
 Healed corneal wounds
 Healed corneal ulcers
 Congenital opacities – developmental
anamolies / birth trauma

3. RISK FACTORS
 Vitamin A deficiency
 Measles result in scarring /infection
of eye
 Eye injury-chemical agents & foreign
bodies
 Pink eye/ inclusion conjunctivitis
 Wearing contact lenses overnight
 Cold sores

4. SYMPTOMS
 Reduced vision / loss of vision
 Pain
 Redness
 Photophobia
 Certain areas of eye appearing cloudy
/ milky

5. TYPES OF CORNEAL OPACITY
ANTERIOR
STAPHYLOMA
LEUCOMA
&
ADHERENT
LEUCOMA
MACULA
NEBULA

6. NEBULA
 Faint opacity due to superficial scars
involving bowmans layer & superficial stroma
 Covers the pupillary area & interferes more
with vision
 Blurring of vision & irregular astigmatism

7. MACULA
 Corneal opacity caused by scarring of
about half of the corneal stroma

8. LEUCOMA
 Dense white opacity due to scarring of more
than half of the corneal stroma
 ADHERENT LEUCOMA
 seen when healing occurs after perforation
of the cornea with incarceration of iris

9. ANTERIOR STAPHYLOMA
 Ectasia of pseudocornea that results
after total sloughing of cornea with
iris plastered behind it

10. CORNEAL FACET
 Corneal surface is depressed at the site of
healing due to less fibrous tissue,such a
scar is called FACET
KERACTASIA
 Corneal curvature is increased at the site
of opacity due to weak scar

11. 2’ CHANGES
HYALINE
PIGMENTATION
CALCAREOUS
ATHEROMATOUS
ULCERATION

12. TREATMENT
 PHOTOTHERAPEUTIC KERATECTOMY:
Excimer laser done in nebula

13.  OPTICAL IRIDECTOMY: central
macular /leucomatous corneal opacity

14. KERATOPLASTY